in a given language (Aliakbari & Toni, 2008). Oyetade (1995) defines address terms as words or expressions used in interactive and face-to-face situations to designate the person being talked to. Address terms in different speech communities are worthy of study, address terms seem to be influenced by culture (Fitch, 1991; Morford, 1997). Zhang (2011) maintains that “Culture and language are closely linked. Language is the carrier of culture, culture is reflected through language. Language is the presentation
The evolution of languages is constant even though minor and major changes are not usually apparent unless looking at the broader picture over a long period of time. Vocabulary is lost in the process, pronunciation and syntax are changed, and more vocabulary is added. Any language in the world has evolved from another, and most of these proto languages have suffered extinction. The Indo-European macro-family has seen this evolution and it has given rise to smaller micro-families that are each derived
Nepali belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family and is closely related to Hindi. It began appearing (in an older form) in what is now Nepal around 300 C.E., when Hindu Indo-Aryans invaded the area from the south, displacing the Buddhist Kirantis. The now unified Nepal is made up of over one hundred ethnic groups, each with its own language and culture. Nepali is the national unifying language and is spoken by most Nepalis as a first or second language (O'Rourke and Shrestha
Mother Tongues: Languages Around the World discusses the various languages found in Africa, Oceana, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The film starts with a brief description of Africa’s nearly 2000 languages. It explains that because of Africa’s relative isolation and long history of occupants it has the most languages of any land mass. The African languages include anything from Arabic, Swahili, or the ‘click’ language. Click languages are located only in Africa; in these languages the clicks function
A common formula for the dragon-slaying myth is present among the descendants of the Proto-Indo European language. This formula first consists of a single male protagonist, typically of higher social status, that is almost always described as a “dragon slayer”, with a special weapon and a companion (Watkins 302, How to Kill a Dragon), and is specific in wording, by virtue of being spread via oral tradition (303). Secondly, in the myth, the dragon, usually many-headed, is described as either causing
declaring that 'American,' too, should be recognized as a separate language.'' One might assume our effort to understand what makes up the English language is a simple issue of education. A lack of education is what a British person assumes is going on when he comes to America and hears the word 'normalcy' in place of 'normality.' The person would be wrong, though, as the attitude that 'American' is separate from 'British' in language is a political issue. "Since the eighteenth century, it has
hardest languages to learn: therefore it must be different from other languages. This paper explores the similarities and differences between English and other well-known languages. Philology is the study of languages and language families. While no one knows the exact number of languages in the world, philologists estimate there are between 6,000 and 7,000 living languages in the world today. Out of this number of languages, there are about 100families that exist (Shoebottom). A language family
Anglo-Saxon Warriors and the Klephts of Greece: Their Indo-European Origins Anglo-Saxon warrior bands share the same code of honor as the Greek resistance fighters called Klephts both nations having a common Indo-European heritage and concept of hero. Beginning in the fifth century Germanic invasions transformed the Celtic culture of the British Isles. Anglo-Saxon warrior bands conquered the native Celts and prevailed in England from the fifth until the eleventh century. Warfare, the idea of
Institute, 2014). I selected the culture of Ireland and found the following information: Customs Roman Catholicism is practiced by most citizens, however, approximately 1.9% practice Christianity. Gaelic is the traditional voice, which is in the Indo-European language family. Due to modernization, immigration, and global connections, Gaelic is only spoken in smaller populations while English, Asian, and some Spanish is taking precedence over tradition. Manners Like any other society, mannerisms and etiquette
the Iranian languages are spoken from Central Turkey, Syria and Iraq in the west to Pakistan and the western edge of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China in the east. In the North, its outposts are Ossetic in the central Caucasus and Yaghnobi and Tajik Persian in Tajikistan in Central Asia, while in the South they are bounded by the Persian Gulf, except for the Kumzari enclave on the Masandam peninsula in Oman. Historically, the New Iranian stage overlaps with the Islamization of Iranian-speaking
response he destroys their tower and ‘confuses’ their languages; mayhaps this action is taken so that they may not have another such scheme. This is the story of the Tower of Babel. It’s name is thought to have originated from the Hebrew term “balal” which can be interpreted as to “jumble” The supposed location of the tower itself is quite interesting linguistically as it is relatively near the boundary of the northern Eurasian (Indo-European) languages and southern Arabian-African (Afroasiatic)
Indeed, Iranians were mistakenly taken for Arabs. During the Iranian crisis, a survey revealed that more than 65 percent of Americans classified Iran as an Arab country, while 8 percent confessed that they had no idea whether it was Arab or not (Shaheen 1985). First of all, Persians are not Arabs. In fact, the differences between the Persian culture and the Arab culture are undeniable yet subject to confusion for a long time now. A key element that defines a culture is its language. The language spoken
English language has lately become the world’s lingua franca, making it one of the most spoken languages worldwide. An important feature that gives it a sustainable advantage over other languages is ability to easily adapt to changes. It is spoken in many dialects across multiple countries and continues to welcome new words while other words change meaning or are slowly abandoned. For instance, the word “abandoned” wouldn’t have made sense in the last sentence if an English man from the 14th century
Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is the ancient pre-Islamic religion of Iran that survives there in isolated areas and, more prosperously, in India, where the descendants of Zoroastrian Iranian (Persian) immigrants are known as Parses, or Pareses. In India the religion is call Parsiism. Founded by the Iranian prophet and reformer Zoroaster in the 6th century BC, the religion contains both monotheistic and dualistic features. It influenced the other major Western religions – Judaism, Christianity
The english dialect is a piece of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European Family of dialects. These Indo-European dialects start from Old Norse and Saxon. English began from a combination of dialects and lingos, now called Old English : It began when the Germanic tribes landed in Britain and attacked the nation amid the fifth century AD. Prior to the Germanic attacks in Britain, Britain was populated by different Celtic tribes. These Celtic tribes were joined by traditions, religion and normal
Hinduism Growing up I had two family friends that were Hindu. Since then one of two friends converted to Christianity because of marriage. As a kid I thought Hinduism and Buddhism were similar but I knew they were both from the same country. Hinduism shares some similar ideas and practices as Buddhism and Jainism dharma. They were always in search of enlightenment, its purpose to get as far as possible from imperfection. Hinduism has reached a plateau of being bigger religion and dominant more
country having a lasting effect on its culture. The Muslim Caliphs (religious leaders) are the first ones to govern the country for about 200 years. During the Muslim Arab reign, the Islamic faith spread throughout Iran and up today, most of the Iranians are Muslims. In Iran, early 1900’s, discovery of oil gives the country an enormous source of wealth. The King that reign Iran from 1925 until 1941, Reza Shah Pahlavi, and his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which reign until 1979, use all the revenue
Its official language, Persian, is Indo-European. Though Iran adopted a different version of the Arabic alphabet, it refused to lose its own identity after the establishment of the Arab Empire in the 7th century. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical settlements dating back to 4000 BCE. Iran's climate can be very extreme, ranging from subtropical to sub polar, due to the tremendous variations in altitude and rainfall. The Iranian nation is one
According to historians from the BBC article (Hitler’s Leadership Style, Geoffrey Megargee), Adolf Hitler was one of the greatest people to lead a whole nation in history. Similar to any great leader, he lead, inspired, and guided millions of Aryans of all ages and genders to believe they were more superior and pure than all of the other existing races and ethnicities. Hitler came to power in 1933 when Germany was recovering from its recession as well as depression from World War I. Similar
There are many different languages that have been used to interpreted and understand Islam throughout early Islamic history, but it is less the matter of each culture and society using translations in their own national language for the study of Islam, and has more to do with the balance in power in those nations and times. The use of different languages in Islam throughout time, allows us to understand the changes in monarchies and power struggles in certain situations, as well as what the rulers