Hipparchus of Nicaea (c. 190 – c. 120 B.C.) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician of the Hellenistic period. Many credit him as the founder of trigonometry. Hipparchus was born in Nicaea, Bithynia (now Iznik, Turkey) and most likely died on the island of Rhodes. He flourished during 162 to 127 B.C. as a working astronomer and is considered by many to be the greatest ancient astronomical observer and, by some, the greatest overall astronomer of antiquity. Utilizing the observations
paper ... .... Throughout the book Ptolemy compared his own observations with those of Hipparchus, regarding the motion of the sun; Ptolemy found the lengths of the seasons and introduced a simple model for the sun which was a circular motion of uniform angular velocity however the earth would be displaced from the center referred to as eccentricity. He also used his own observations and those of Hipparchus to show that the fixed stars always maintain the same position relative to each other. Concerning
1. The Ancient Catalogs Astronomy was born in the five cradles of civilization, along the Nile Valley in Egypt, the Indus Valley along the western region of the Indian subcontinent, the Chinese city states on the banks of the Yellow River, the ancient regions of Me-soamerica from central Mexico down to the Andean South America and the an-cient city states of Mesopotamia in the fertile crescent. Each of these ancient cul-tures incorporated astronomy into calendar making, religion, mythology, and
with a question with deep thought some may ponder upon the answer, whereas others may answer in haste and appear foolish even though they believe they have come to the correct conclusion. A situation where this happens is in Socrates dialogue of Hipparchus, in this dialogue a citizen of Athens and Socrates, a philosopher have contradicting views of what a lover of gain is. Socrates asks a citizen of Athens, “So what is the love of gain?”(225a) and who are those lovers of gain. The comrade, what the
Around 190 B.C, Greek thoughts were dominated by Aristotelian cosmology. However, when the Greek mathematician and astronomer Hipparchus calculated the heliocentric system, it contradicted Aristotle’s idea of the orbits being perfectly circular. Hipparchus abandoned his work because Aristotle's cosmological was believed to be mandated by the science of the time, even though, Aristotle's model was questioned by certain observations such as changes in the brightness of the planets. Nonetheless, this
test. This is the case even with accounts that deal with their own country. Thucydides uses the example of the murder of Hipparchus. The Athenians believe that Hipparchus was a tyrant and was the ruler when he was killed by Harmodius and Aristogeiton. The fact of the matter is, Thucydides says, that it was Hipparchus older brother Hippias who was in power, not Hipparchus. Hippias was the eldest son of Pisistratus, so he was the ruler of Athens, not Hippias, who was younger, and not Thessalus
The three mathematicians I chose are as follows: Johann Heinrich Lambert, Evariste Galois, and David Hilbert. Johann Heinrich Lambert was an 18th century mathematician, and his contribution to trigonometry was providing evidence that “Pi” is irrational. His contribution was important because “Pi” is used for finding the circumference of a circle to its diameter. In addition, Evariste Galois was a 19th century mathematician, and his contribution to trigonometry was discovering the theory of polynomial
STARS The magnitude scale was invented by an ancient Greek astronomer named Hipparchus in about 150 BC He ranked the stars he could see in terms of their brightness, with 1 representing the brightest down to 6 representing the faintest. Modern astronomy has extended this system to stars brighter than Hipparchus' 1st magnitude stars and ones much, much fainter than 6. As it turns out, the eye senses brightness logarithmically, so each increase in 5 magnitudes corresponds to a decrease in brightness
took him a year for both books to be completed and revised by other astronomers. The works were lightly criticized, in the light of strong knowledge, by the intellectual astronomer Hipparchus two centuries later; however, they were pioneering compendia and was proved useful. Several verbatim quotes were given by Hipparchus in his commentary on the phenomenal poem of Aratus, which drew on Eudoxus and was entitled phenomena. Another book called “Disappearances of the Sun”, may have been worried with the
We know very little about Ptolemy's life. He made some astronomical observations from Alexandria, Egypt during the years AD127-41. In fact, the first observation which we can date exactly was made by Ptolemy on 26 March 127 while the last was made on 2 February 141. It was claimed by Theodore Melitenotes in around 1360 that Ptolemy was born in Heriou but since this claim first appears long after Ptolemy had already died, it is very unlikely its actually true. In fact, there is no evidence that Ptolemy
508 bc), but the first use of it seems to have been made in 488–487 bc, when Hipparchus, son of Charmus of Collytus, was ostracized. After Hipparchus, four more men, the last of them being Aristides, were ostracized before the amnesty in 481, preceding the invasion of Xerxes I. The institution was invoked less frequently after the Persian Wars, falling into disuse
The importance of mathematics to nature has been a topic of debate within the Western scientific tradition. From ancient times through the middle ages, an outbreak of mathematical creativeness was often followed by centuries of inactivity. As we all know, mathematics has always been the vital importance in astronomy, and many ancient astronomers were also mathematicians. This means that the growth of mathematics was applied and motivated by astronomical calculations. Though, not everyone studying
Alexander is considered one of the greatest leaders of all time. He was tutored by Aristotle, A student of Plato who was a student of Socrates. Alexander discovered the Phalanx that was once undefeated and took land from Macedonia to the coastline of India. Alexander’s mother was Olympia and his father was Philip the second of Macedonia. Philip ii was Macedonia's commander in chief and led them to many battles. Philip the second of Macedonia was held hostage for several years until his brother (at
Major Greek contributions include astronomy, optics, and acoustics, along with major advances in mathematics. Science in ancient Greece was based on logical thinking and mathematics. The Greeks were very interested to know about the world, the heavens, and themselves. Greek geniuses were articulate thinkers. (Pg. 55, Society and Technological Change) The Greek philosophers were very much drawn to mathematics. They invented its generality, analyzed its premises, and made notable discoveries
Figure 2 - http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric/venus-of-laussel.htm Alexander Marshack also claimed that a similar work of art found in an excavation at Bodrogkeresztur-Henye, Hungary, in 1963 “represented a uterus with lunar calendric notions. The find can be […] dated to the middle part of the Upper Paleolithic Period and is about 27,000 years old.” In addition to these engravings on objects, evidence of early Astronomy has also been found in cave paintings. Perhaps one of the most famous
Astronomy: A Fad Science? NOTE: This paper was written for an English class and a non astronomy audience. Thus, several arguments were left out to make the material easier to understand for the target audience. These arguments would include (but are not limited to) dark energy, dark matter, and the inflationary model of the universe. If I later have time I may revise this paper to cover such topics and be more comprehensive. Science is a field that prides itself on being objective. To help
“He is most remembered because of his development of the geocentric (Earth-centered) cosmological system, known as the Ptolemaic system or Ptolemaic cosmology, which was one of the most influential and longest- lasting, intellectual-scientific achievements in human history. Although his model of the universe was erroneous, he based his theory on observations that he and others had made, and he provided a mathematical foundation that made a powerful case in support of the geocentric paradigm and ensured
In the reading of this week, I have read and discorvered in the Wikipedia’ that some Athenians were tyrants like “...Peisistratos and his two sons, Hipparchus and Hippias...” Oligarchy: In my research in the LDCE, I read that oligarchy means “...a small group of people who run a country or organization, or a country that is run by a small group of people...” In this case, the Spartan government is
In the world today, there is a huge battle emerging whenever professional astrologers of the tropical and sidereal gather together. This appears to happen due to viewpoints based on the unproven vs. proven ideological in relation to the cosmos. The primary focus of this comparison and contrast will review both with a secondary cruise into the neglected and provisionary keys that affect the awareness herein. It’s time we move along in the stream of thoughts moving into the river of knowledge that
The Age of Alexander The conquests of Alexander the Great spread Hellenism immediately over the Middle East and far into Asia. After his death in 323 B.C., the influence of Greek civilization continued to expand over the Mediterranean world and W Asia. The wars of the Diadochi marked, it is true, the breakup of Alexander's brief empire, but the establishment of Macedonian dynasties in Egypt, Syria, and Persia (the Ptolemies and the Seleucidae) helped to mold the world of that day into a wider