Identifying Two Unknown Species of Bacteria Materials and Methods Week 1, Day 1 (10 November 2000) The first day an unknown sample was assigned to each group of students. The first test applied was a gram stain to test for gram positive or gram-negative bacteria. The morphology of the two types of bacteria was viewed under the microscope and recorded. Then the sample was put on agar plates using the quadrant streak method for isolation. There were three agar plates; one was incubated
categories of gram-positive, gram-negative paracolons, and gram-negative coliform. Gram positive organism are known to have thick cell wall made up of peptidoglycan, which are cross-link sugar chains with peptide bonds (Carson 13). Gram-positive bacteria are found within the phylum Firmicuites (Slonczewski & Foster 94). While gram-negative, have thin layers of one or two peptidoglycan cell wall, this type of bacteria are found within the phylum Proteobacteria (Slonczewaki & Foster). The gram positive and
differentiate the gram negative enteric bacteria. Bile salts and crystal violet inhibit the growth of gram positive organisms. Lactose provides a source of fermentable carbohydrate, allowing for differentiation of lactose fermenting bacteria from lactose non-fermenting gram negative bacteria. It uses for differentiate gram negative bacteria between phenotypes with mutations that confer varying abilities to ferment particular sugar. The medium surrounding gram-negative bacteria will show a change
its causes. Therefore, it necessary that to identify the problems caused by bacteria, we need to know what actually caused it. Identifying the unknown bacteria
steps of tests that needs to be performed in order to distinguish certain bacteria. This means that in this exercise, various types of tests and techniques must be performed to identify the chosen unknown bacterium. The unknown bacterium that I selected was number thirty-nine in which I discovered as the Bacillus megaterium after conducting several tests. I began my test to classify my unknown bacteria by performing the Gram staining because according to the first period procedure of the laboratory
To perform this test we first did a Gram stain on our organism to determine if it was gram-positive or gram-negative. After this we performed a mixed Gram stain by incorporating our organism with a known bacteria that stained opposite of unknown. We were given the size of the known bacteria and performed a comparative analysis under the microscope to determine the size of our unknown. In my case the control was a gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Acid-fast Stain: The Acid-fast
Various recovery techniques for Legionella were used in the methodology of this study. With regards to the sample collected, two primary sample types (water and swab sample) from each faucet were gathered and tested for the presence of the organism. The type of sample which showed a higher isolation rate of Legionella was the swab sample over the bulk water sample. Moreover, the highest CFU/L recorded was also from the swab sample (faucet ). These results could be explained by the fact that Legionellae
pink cells. The purple cells are the gram-positive and the pink cells are the gram-negative bacteria. It shows that the gram-negative are bacillus and are smaller than the gram-positive cells. As shown in Figure 2, the MAC plate selects for gram-negative bacteria. It is observed that they are medium in size, raised, and uniform. It also shows that the bacteria are lactose fermenters because of the pink color. As shown in Figure 3, there are two different bacteria growing on the plate based on the presence
Introduction The body contains bacteria both inner and outer. The human body and some of there bacteria that the body contains is mutualistic. Mutualism is where both bacteria and host, human body, benefit from each other, and need one another in order to function. This bacteria is known as normal microbiota, harmless bacteria the body has. Yet, there are circumstances where these bacteria can cause harm if it enters through a wound into unknown tissue. However, biologists have several reasons
cause sepsis. For causing sepsis bacteria should have certain features that provide their survival, proliferation and dissemination in human body. The characteristics of the pathogens, that most frequently cause sepsis, may or may not be common for all of them (see tab. 2). Sepsis causing bacteria are both gram positive and gram negative. Gram-positive organisms are better suited to invade host tissues and elicit, in general, a brisker phagocytic response than gram-negative organisms [37]. The lack
cases a cell capsule. Bacteria that are capable of causing illness or disease are called pathogens, pathogens work by releasing toxins in the body or directly damaging the host’s cells. An article by Lise Wilkinson explains that the earliest categorizations of bacterial cells first occurred in the late eighteen-hundreds to the early nineteen-hundreds by scientists (at the time) O. Muller and C. Ehrenburg (Wilkinson, 2004). The observation and identification of unknown bacteria that emerge is crucial
to aid in the determination of the unknown bacteria were completed in a specific order which was supported with rationale and logic. A T – streak method was completed in succession to obtain a pure isolated colony. The T – streaks were completed with nutrient agar to give the organism nutrients and allow the organism to grow. Once a pure isolated colony was obtained, a Gram stain was completed which gave the Gram reaction and morphology of the bacteria. The first tests were completed due to the level
several issues have been identified relating to antibiotic resistance, antibiotic structure and function and the properties which lead to bacteria becoming resistant. The article identifies ways in which healthcare professionals can help to reduce antibiotic resistance. Many antibiotics are now ineffective against resistant organisms, particularly Gram negative bacteria (Aziz, 2013). The situation with antibiotic resistance is heightened by a significant decrease in the research and development of new
Microbiology is the biological study of organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye (1). Microbiology includes examining a variety of different microbes such as bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses (1). By examining these microbes, their relationship with people and the environment they grow in, is better understood. These examinations of microbes have played a major role in comprehending how microbes can be helpful and harmful, and how they should best be dealt with. With
significance, taxonomic position, and Gram stain reaction. The organism was first named Haemophilus vaginalis. However, it lacked some of the characteristics the Haemophilus species required. It was then referred to as Corynebacterium vaginale. It was later changed to Gardnerella vaginalis when a new genus was necessary (Catlin, 1992). This paper will focus on the characteristics of G. vaginalis and how it is identified. G. vaginalis cells are gram-negative to gram-variable. These cells are nonmotile
distribution. Upon selection, a gram check for purity is performed. Step by step instructions for this procedure can be found in Benson’s, Microbiological Applications p. 99. Furthermore, an aseptic technique must be performed for this test and the entire tests following the unknown. The purpose of this test is to differentiate between gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. The key indicator of gram-positive bacteria is a purple stain and a pink stain for gram-negative bacteria. A slide is viewed with
mouth), salivarius, anginosus and mitis groups. In circumstance, the biggest offender in tooth decay as it encourages the production of enzymes and acids. Oral microbes help with immune system to keep the body virus free by hostile virus-producing bacteria that attempt to come in through the mouth. The microbes are conducted to a person initial in their juvenile through their touching base with their custodians by kisses of food
meningitis, the physician checks the individual’s medical history and perform physical exams. For instance, the patient may go through a series of blood work, which the samples will be placed in a culture medium and analyzed for microbial growth. Also, gram-staining techniques can be used to identify the existence of specific parts on the bacterial body and locate its virulent factors. Alternatively, imaging exams such as computerized tomography (CT scan) or magnetic resonance (MR scan) which enables
Aminoglycosides are broad spectrum antibiotics that are most effective against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Aminoglycosides are distinguishable by the aminocyclitol ring; which is a six membered ring with amino group substituents ("amingolycosides," ). A highly conserved aminocyclitol ring, a central scaffold that is linked to various aminosugar moieties. The aminocyclitol ring is comprised primarily of 2-deoxystreptamine. And has 1,3-diamino functionality and three or four hydroxyl groups that
Pseudomonads are aerobic, Gram-negative rods that vastly spread throughout soil, water, and surfaces. They are capable of surviving in harsh conditions, but have enhanced survival capabilities in a moist environment as well. Unfortunately, they are resistant to several antibiotics and disinfectants. The most prominent species is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is considered the model of an opportunistic pathogen (Tortora, & Funke, 2013). Pseudomonads are responsible for the continued outbreaks of