Johnson RE: Requested policy memo on recent French public opinion polls. Mr. President, The National Front (aka. Front National, FN) is Frances largest far-right party. In France's 2002 presidential elections, they surprised that nation by coming in second to Jaque Chirac (RPR party.) This was a surprise because polling at the time indicated that the first round would result in the second round being between Chirac and Jospin (Socialist Party.) This election in 2002 was monumental for France, and
than the state of Texas, is home to 66 million French and has a plethora of political parties; making their political system seem perplexing and overwhelming. France is comprised of six major political parties including the Union for a Popular Movement, which is France’s main conservative party, the Socialist Party, a moderate social-democratic party that endorses market economy, the Democratic Movement, a social liberal political party, the French Communist Party, the Greens, an environmentally
Generally speaking, the French political system is special in two ways. First, It is neither a parliamentary system like the British one, where the executive emerges from Parliament, nor a system of separation of powers like the American one, where the President must take account of Congress. The French Fifth Republic is a hybrid system characterized by a Presidency that is oversized in the absence of adequate counterweights. Second, France also differs from most major modern democracies in using
the shift from being a distinct part of Canada to Quebec being a nation in its own right begins to take hold. Québécois nationalism defined Confederation as being an agreement between two peoples: the French and the English. “Quebec constitutes within Canada a distinct society, which includes a French-speaking majority, a unique culture and civil law tradition” (Chotalia, 1993). This is significant to mention because this is the theory that ultimately leads to the Three Nation Theory. The Three Nation
that has evolved over many centuries, with both small and large adjustments along the way to keep in on course. In contrast to this, the French model has changed dramatically on several occasions, and can rarely have been described as stable. However, in 1958 Charles de Gaulle made some brave changes to the constitution, which after being approved by the French public, set the scene for the classic semi-presidential system that we see today. Despite these opposing histories, there are many similarities
a euphemism for policy that won't tolerate anyone who disagrees with the ruling party. As the dominant party, the RPF may access far more resources than others, and will always be able to outspend minor parties in national elections. However, since the last set of election in 2003, the RPF, headed by Paul Kagame has maintained pro-business ideology held office while Rwanda shows tremendous economic progress. Rwanda’s renewed and revived Constitution, formally adopted in May of 2003, unmistakably
accommodation of regional interests and an established integration of each subnational unit into the national federal system (Iff, 2002). On the other hand, Asymmetrical federalism allows three possible systems: 1-more power at the national level, 2-certain regional, subnational units to have more power in the national government, or 3-a combination of both. As Andrea Iff suggests, this can provide enough fuel for separatist movements dissatisfied with the uneven representation of regional interests (Iff
of the state and its “ownership” of force. In the 1990s, inter-state conflicts (i.e. two national armies using force against each other) were replaced by numerous internal and regional struggles that involved the use of force by a plethora armed groups. Some of these wars were supported, directly or indirectly, by regional powers. However, in several other cases, nation-states were not the leading actors, but the victims of unrestrained violence emanating from within the state or from neighboring
colonize the country of Indonesia. After Japan’s surrender, Indonesia declared its independence on August 7, 1945, and on December 27,1949 it was recognized as independent by the Netherlands. After decades of restraining rule, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999 (CIA). Indonesia is now the third most populous democracy in the world, the largest state surrounded by water in the world, and is also home to the world's largest Muslim population. Indonesia is located in Southeastern Asia and
The American Presidency Project. University of California Santa Barbara, 2014. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. . Hahn, Peter L. Caught in the Middle East: U.S. Policy Toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1945-1961. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. Print. Rucker, Laurent. “The Soviet Union and the Suez Crisis.” The 1956 War: Collusion and Rivalry in the Middle East. Ed. David Tal. London: Frank Cass, 2001. Print. Schulze, Kirsten E. The Arab-Israeli Conflict. 2nd ed. London: Taylor and Francis
Security Council came together and formed a resolution which included certain rules and guidelines on how Egypt is allowed to operate the Canal. Around 2 weeks after this resolution was proposed the Israeli military in combination with the Brits and the French launched a missile attack on Egypt as they were falling under the power of the soviets and occupied Sinai and the Gaza Strip. (un.org) After this attack soon later the Brits a... ... middle of paper ... ...ture of Peacekeeping Operations: Fighting
to 2.1 million (Nation Facts). The official language of Cuba is Spanish, but English and French are spoken throughout the country. The most practiced religion of Cuba is Roman Catholicism, but a large number of people follow the Afro-Cuban and Protestant religions. The president of Cuba is currently Raúl Castro, which is Fidel Castro 's brother. The currency of Cuba is the Cuban peso (Cuba).
family belongs to the Alawite dynasty, which dates back from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and began a 50 year period of trade rivalry amongst other European powers. Shortly after this in 1912, the French made Morocco a protectorate country. The French rule ended in 1956 with Morocco’s independence. Sultan Mohammed V, the current monarch’s grandfather, organized
identity? In the 1970s, Pierre Elliott Trudeau decided to use multiculturalism as a “way of dealing with discontent over the report of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism1.”. According to some groups, this report dealt primarily with French and English linguistic issues and did not pay enough attention to issues referring to other groups within the Canadian population. In a more general extent, “multiculturalism policies in Canada have attempted to assist cultural group in overcoming
technology, and violations of the constitution. Background: Edward Snowden was a contractor from Booz Allen Hamilton with experience working for the Central Intelligence Agency. He was contracted through Booz Allen Hamilton for the NSA at the Kunia Regional SIGIT Operations Center in Hawaii. He claims to have been an infrastructure analyst. Snowden had complete access to all the data the NSA had collected because he was such a skilled employee. He went to coworkers and superiors multiple times about
individual to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” while the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed liberté, Égalité, Fraternité. In the West constitutional liberalism led to the implementation of democracy but in Latin America, Asia and Africa this has not been the case. Democracies are emerging all over the world but they have no tradition of liberalism. In the western hemisphere, with elections having been held in every country except Cuba, a 1993 study by scholar
A. Plan of the Investigation What political factors contributed to the idea of Albanian nationalism after the breakup of Yugoslavia that contributed to the Kosovo Crisis of 1999. To determine the political factors that contributed to Albanian nationalism, this investigation will focus on the aftermath of the breakup of Yugoslavia, the social landscape of Kosovo after the breakup and the Kosovo Crisis of 1999. The views of the Albanians and Serbs will be examined to help develop a more contextual
bordered by Germany in the north, Austria and the Principality of Liechtenstein in the east, Italy in the south and France in the west. This represents many significant European cultures converging on Switzerland – the German speaking region, the French and the Italian. Two thirds of the Swiss population lives in the Plateau, between Lake Geneva and Lake Constance, in 30 percent of the country’s surface area. There are 450 people to every 1 km2 (1,166 per square mile). This makes the country one
Biography of Yasser Arafat (1929-2004) Mohammed Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa Al-Husseini, more commonly known as Yasser Arafat was the fifth of seven children born to a Palestinian textile merchant on August 24, 1929. According to Arafat and other sources, he was born in Jerusalem, however, French biographers, Christophe Boltanski and Jihan El-Tahri revealed in their 1997 book, Les sept vies de Yasser Arafat, that he was actually born in Cairo, Egypt, and that is where his birth certificate
, Joseph S. The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t Go It Alone. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Rielly, Dr. John. “The Future of American Hegemony,” Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 29 November 2004. Sicherman, Harvey. “A Cautionary Tale: The U.S. and the Arab-Israeli Conflict.” In Eagle Rules? Foreign Policy and American Primacy in the Twenty-First Century. Ed. Robert J. Lieber. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002. 152-172. Wohlforth, William