Extraction of Asphalt from a mix is a common practice in the asphalt laboratories. The extracted asphalt is used for characterization in the laboratories to ensure quality, performance and research. ASTM D2172 is the most accepted procedure for asphalt extraction. This procedure includes five methods such as Method A the centrifuge extraction, Method B the Reflux extraction, Method C first variation of the Reflux method, Method D the second variation of Reflux method and Method E the vacuum extraction
Chloroform is an anesthetic that is inhaled, and was once a widely used one. However, nowadays it isn’t because of its toxic side effects. Chloroform is another name for the colorless, dense, liquid chemical compound trichloromethane. Chloroform is nearly 40 times as sweet as sugar and has a nice odor. It is inflammable and can be used for industrial purposes like R-22 (air-conditioning), a solvent, a fire extinguishing material, and as a chemical reagent for use in synthetic reactions. Its primary
The purpose of this experiment was to create a polymer by reacting a mixture of decanedioyl dichloride and dichloromethane with a mixture of water, 1,6-hexadiamine and sodium carbonate. Specifically, we created the polymer Nylon-6,10. Nylon-6,10 polymers are used in a vast majority of things we use in everyday life such as zippers, the bristles in brushes, and even car parts. This experiment was different from the industrial method of making nylon because that takes place at a much higher temperature
chromatography, or TLC, is used as a prerequisite for column chromatography. When performing types of chromatography, like TLC, the polarity of solvents is extremely important. This lab uses TLC plates, five solvents (hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and acetone), and small evaporating dishes to determine which solvent would be best to use in column chromatography. The least polar solvent is hexane, which has a polarity index of 0.1. Toluene has a polarity index of 2.4, while ethyl acetate’s
end of the investigation yielded slightly varying results. The color change identified in the case of the bromine/dichloromethane and added 5 drops of olive oil turned out to change the original orange/red color of the bromine/dichloromethane to a clear and unpigmented liquid. The addition of hydrogenated olive oil (product) to the originally orange/red colored bromine/dichloromethane ended up turning clear similar to the addition of olive oil, however, there appeared to be a slightly yellow tint
Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Objective 3 1.2 Background 3 1.3 Technique Analysis 4 2.0 Experimental Procedure 6 3.0 Results 8 3.1 Table of Concentration of Vanillin with Absorbance 8 3.2 Calculation 9 4.0 Discussion 10 5.0 Conclusion 11 6.0 Reference 12 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objective The objective of this experiment is to analyze the concentration of active ingredient vanillin in artificial vanilla essence by UV-Visible spectrometry. 1.2 Background Vanilla is one of the
The mixture was poured through a weight filter paper and Sucrose washed with a 5ml of dichloromethane. The resulting solid was left in a breaker to dry for one week, to be measured. Left it in the drawer to dry out for a week and weighted it to find the sucrose amount recovered amount. - Fluted paper weight: 0.98 - Fluted paper weight + Sucrose
12:15 PM Date: September 17, 2015 Purification of Biphenyl Results Methanol, acetone, dichloromethane, toluene, and hexanes were tested for their miscibility with water. Methanol and acetone were found to be miscible with water, and dichloromethane, toluene, and hexanes were immiscible. Two layers—one organic and one aqueous—were observed each time an immiscible solvent was combined with water. Dichloromethane was observed as the bottom layer, and toluene and hexanes were observed as the top layers
that other substances were isolated along with the eugenol oil, such as leftover dichloromethane, which was used in the first place because the water and eugenol did not successfully separate into two layers, thus dichloromethane was added to help separate them. This is was caused percent recovery to be higher than what it should be. Heating and boiling the final solution for a longer time until all the dichloromethane is evaporated completely can easily avoid the presence of
The lab begins with reflux of the reaction to form an ester followed by several extractions from an organic layer. To purify the ester the compound is dried by gravity filtration with a drying agent, distilled using simple distillation, and recrystallized. The aldol condensation is reacted in a test tube and the solute is collected via vacuum filtration and recrystallized. The esterification procedure was performed first. To begin the lab, the heating mantle was set at the 6 setting, and the hot
alcohol. My final product had a primary alcohol and a secondary ketone Bad Things I really don’t have that many bad things to write about. I forgot to shake my sep funnel after my first addition of dichloromethane. I had to redo that step. Also, there is a very slight chance that a little bit of dichloromethane could have been left in my final product. When I was distilling, I thought I had boiled away everything in my flask.
organic) to form when two immiscible liquids are separated with the more dense liquid on bottom. In this lab, dichloromethane (organic) has a density of 1.33g/mL while water (aqueous) has the density of 1.00g/mL, so dichloromethane will be on the bottom and since “like dissolves like” and eugenol does not dissolve in water but dissolves in dichloromethane, eugenol will be found in the dichloromethane layer. TLC allows identification of compounds based on polarity. Nonpolar compounds move higher up on the
The substantial improvement of mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites can be attributed to high rigidity and aspect ratio of nanoclay combined with good affinity through interfacial interaction between polymer matrix and dispersed nanoclay. It is well reported that polymer nanocomposites have excellent barrier properties against O2, CO2 and water vapor. This depends on the type of clay, i.e., compatibility between clay and polymer matrix, structure of nanocomposites and aspect ratio of clay
Acid Base Extraction The purpose of this laboratory assignment was two-fold, first, we were to demonstrate the extraction of acids and bases, finally, determining what unknowns were present. Second, we were to extract caffeine from tea. These two assignment will be documented in two separate entities. Introduction: Acid/base extraction involves carrying out simple acid/base reactions in order to separate strong organic acids, weak organic acids neutral organic compounds and basic organic substances
ether). Once all eluted, another small beaker (label it “Fraction 2”) can replace the beaker for “Fraction 1.” In “Fraction 2,” 5 mL of petroleum ether is used to elute (stop when yellow band starts to elute), followed by a change of eluent to dichloromethane.
In this lab 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone is reduced by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to produce the cis and trans isomers of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol. Since the starting material is a ketone, NaBH4 is strong enough to perform a reduction and lithium aluminum hydride is not needed. NaBH4 can attack the carbonyl group at an equatorial (cis) or axial (trans) position, making this reaction stereoselective. After the ketone is reduced by the metal-hydride, hydrochloric acid adds a proton to the negatively charged
The melting point of transition state two was 155 – 160 °C, the sample was clear and liquid. A 0.011 g sample of cholesterol and 0.012 g sample of cholesteryl benzoate were dissolved in dichloromethane, in two separate test tubes. The dichloromethane was used as an elution solvent in the TLC procedure. A TLC was then performed on the two solutions. The results of the TLC are shown in Figure 3. Rf = distance moved by spot ÷ distance moved by the solvent front Cholesterol
added to 50 mg of acetanilide in four different test tubes. The four solvents used to test the solubility of the acetanilide were water, ethanol, dichloromethane and hexanes. If the solid dissolved in the solvent at room temperature then it was too soluble and that solvent could be eliminated. The acetanilide completely dissolved in ethanol and dichloromethane, therefore eliminating them from being the suitable solvent. If the solid did not dissolve in room temperature then it was placed in the sand
In this lab 2-methyl-butyn-2-ol is hydrated to 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone. This process was preformed by using a strong acid which created an enol, and then the enol tautomerized. Due to this being a terminal alkyne, only one product will be formed. Techniques such as simple distillation, reflux, and gravity filtration were used to produce and separate the product from the mixture that it was in. When performing this lab using only one equivalent of alkyne produced a low percent of 1%. The low
In this experiment, luminol was synthesized and investigated the chemiluminescence reaction. The starting material, 5-nitro-2,3-dihydrophtalazine, was added by reagents, refluxed and vacuum filtered to get luminol. Using stock solutions, we mixed our luminol product with sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and potassium ferricyanide in a dark room to observe a blue light. In the end there was a 121% yield of luminol and experienced a blue glow. Introduction Luminol is an organic compound that is