The Drug Codeine We used several different sources to gather our information. We go information from Jay Moser and Sue Peterson, our two local pharmacists. We researched medical encyclopedias, journals, and magazines. Codeine is known medically as methylmorphine. It is a drug derived from opium, a poppy plant. It was discovered in 1832 by French chemist Pierre-Jean Robiquet. Codeine constitutes about 0.5 to 2.5 percent of this plant substance. The drug has been in use since the early 1900's and
Codeine is naturally occurring opiate from the poppy plant and is an agonist of µ opioid receptors in the central nervous system, leading to analgesic effects. There are three other opioid receptors (delta, kappa, and the nociceptin orphanin peptide receptor). Opioids acting at the µ receptor have demonstrated significant decreases in pain (Fields, 2011). Codeine is typically prescribed as an oral medication to treat mild to moderate pain, such as cancer pain (Bernard et al., 2006). It is also used
Dino Bertoli Teddy Hoxie Ryan Ochs 3/20/17 Period 1 Codeine What is codeine? Codeine is a narcotic and an opioid that is used to treat pain, coughs, and diarrhea. In raw opium it can It be found in concentrations of 0.7% to 2.5%. It is similar to morphine, also an opioid narcotic, only less potent. It is commonly distributed in tablets intended for moderate pain relief. Its other most common form is a liquid. In this from it is used as a cough suppressant. In fact, most of the cough syrups in the
that she dictates the length of his confinement (Waldmeir 425). He crosses the line and throws a party on the ward in the middle of the night, bringing in two prostitutes and intoxicating the patients with a mixture of cherry flavored alcohol and codeine cough syrup. He does so knowing that he will face consequences for this event. However, he feels he must continue this self-destruction in order for the other patients to find themselves and their sense of freedom ( 427).
Back then, cough medicine or painkillers were used to treat the common cold. Now in days they are being used particularly different which contradicts its initial use. More and more teens are abusing over the counter medicine, otherwise known as OTC drugs to try to achieve that “high” effect. “Many of these products are widely available and can be purchased at supermarkets, drugstores, and convenience stores. Many OTC drugs that are intended to treat headaches, sinus pressure, or cold/flu symptoms
The opioids are a class of prescription drugs that physicians use to treat pain. Common opioids include hydrocodone (Vicodin), oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet), morphine (Kadian, Avinza), and codeine. When in the amounts prescribed, these drugs are helpful to the body in relieving pain. However, when individuals abuse these drugs and take them in a larger quantity than needed, they can act similarly to and produce the same effects as illicit drugs. (National Institute on Drug Abuse1) The extent
The abuse of and addiction to opioids and the current epidemic in America. Opioids are a class of drugs which have been used since ancient times to reduce pain. Although opiates are derived from opium and opioids refer to synthetic drugs created to emulate opium, nowadays the term opioid is used for the entire family of drugs including natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic. Opium is an extract of the exudate derived from seedpods of the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum. The opium poppy is native to
by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord inhibiting pain sensed in these parts of the body therefore reducing the pain felt (Freynhagen, Geisslinger & Schug, 2013), opioids generally come in two varieties weak opioids such as codeine and dihydrocodeine and strong opioids like morphine, oxycodone, and pethidine, these tend to be used in more severe cases of pain such as post-operative pain medication. There is evidence that suggests that opioids can increase pain tolerance though
Tramadol Drug Fact Sheet This paper, while not intended as a comprehensive report of every fact about the analgesic drug Tramadol, will provide an in-depth review of all pertinent information. Tramadol Description Tramadol is a pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. Classification of Tramadol falls under the opiate analgesic category (NIH 2013). To get a prescription of Tramadol you would need to be in moderate to severe-acute pain similar to that following surgery, or chronic pain
Introduction Acetaminophen, also known as Paracetamol, is an organic compound that is commonly used as a medication for pain and fever relief. It has been around for a while and is found under several different brand names around the world. With research, the chemistry behind acetaminophen can be discovered as well as its practical applications, its adverse effects to society and the environment, and other information surrounding this compound. The History In the middle ages, Antipyretic agents
A pharmacy is a place where we all receive health care from. Without a pharmacy, people would not have the opportunity to go to a specific place to take their prescribed medicines and discuss about their concerns to a pharmacists. A pharmacist listen to patients and help them the best way they can. Pharmacists are the ones who are able to see the patients record and receive messages from the doctor concerning their health, and accordingly give patients their medicines. In terms of pharmacy, it is
One of the growing trends in teen drug use today is the abuse of over the counter (OTC) drugs. There are a lot reasons that teenagers choose to abuse OTC drugs. One main reason is because drug stores makes it easier to get a hold of them rather than illegal drugs. Also, these OTC drugs are often referred to as "safer" than illegal drugs. For majority of teens, using over the counter drugs gives them “a buzz” or it helps them stay awake while studying. Which is not a problem in their mind, but every
Chasing Heroin is a two-hour documentary that investigates America’s heroin crisis. The documentary details the opioid epidemic and how police offers, social workers, and public defenders are working to save the lives of addicts. The documentary explores the origins and continuing causes behind the heroin epidemic such as; massive increases in opioid painkillers starting at the turn of the century, Mexican drug cartels who are now rooted in upper-middle-class neighborhoods, and the cheap price of
B.V. is a 42 year old male patient admitted for severe angina chest pain. He previously had coronary artery bypass surgery a month ago. His incision site from the surgery was dry, intact with no inflammation present. He currently was not on any pain medications upon admission. He tested positive for hepatitis C and was homeless. He had a history of drug and alcohol abuse and left hip replacement. He is currently taking medications for hypertension and diabetes through Medicare. When getting report
The Opioid Crisis in America The opioid crisis which is also known as opioid epidemic refers to the rapid increase in the use of non-presription and prescription opioids in the U.S. Opiates are analgesic drugs which include those that are naturally derived from opium, like heroinee, morphine, and opioids. Synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs such as Vicodin, Percocet, fentanyl, and OxyContin also fall under opioids. Opioids Statistics in the United States In reference to Drug Enforcement Administration
OxyContin Painkillers have been used for many years, and they have been beneficial to many. But one that recently took the market has been the topic of many controversial discussions. Oxycodone has always been used in modern medicine but in small amounts. OxyContin contained a higher amount of oxycodone than most opiate based pain killers, the weakest dose of OxyContin had double the amount found in said painkillers (Meier 12). This lead to the spread of abuse and addiction towards the drug. And
The usage of pain medications has gone up severely over the years. It is guaranteed that some types of pain medications exist in your medicine cabinet. With a readily available supply of pain medications, it have brought up problems associated with abusing such medications that have led negligent American families into abandoning their health for comfort. Pain medications are administered in a variety of setting, from nurses at hospital beds to paramedics at vehicle collision scenes. Pain medication
In the article “A Placebo Treatment for Pain” from Time magazine, Jo Marchant discusses How placebos are a great replacement for opioid pain killers. Marchant has provided plenty of examples of studies that support her thesis. Marchant effectively establishes pathos and logos with her readers by using vivid language and plenty of statistics, however, she leaves a lot of her statistical data and studies to be questioned through her lack of use with ethos. This need a transition. Marchant uses logos
What Is Morphine? Morphine is a medication that is designed to alleviate moderate to severe pain. It works by altering the way that the body responds to pain. Morphine is a type of opiate. Morphine is available by prescription only. Before Taking Morphine Before you take Morphine, you will need to let your physician know about the types of medications and supplements you are taking. Morphine can potentially interact with certain drugs and supplements. Xanax, Cymbalta, Miralax and vitamin D3
1. The local anesthetics dibucaine (basic pKa=8.8) and articaine (basic pKa=7.8) are frequently used as local anesthetics. What is the percentage of unionized drug present at pH 7.4? Why is the amount of unionized drug important for the action of local anesthetics? Inflammed tissue (caused by wounds or infections) frequently has a lower, more acidic pH environment. How would a more acidic pH affect the amount of unionized drug? (10 points) Dibucaine (basic pKa= 8.8) pH= 7.4 (Healthy tissue) Percent