Introduction Acute pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) appears to be the most frequent major complication, occurring in 1-10% of patients overall, with a mortality rate ranging from 0.2-0.6% and an annual healthcare expenditure cost reaching $150 million in USA alone (1) (2). Several risk factors have been reported to play a role in ERCP-induced pancreatitis; some are patient-related (i.e. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), female gender, history of pancreatitis
proteins, and fats. Pancreatitis is a rare digestive disorder that occurs due to the inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas gets damaged because the body is unable to secrete enough digestive enzymes to break down foods. The symptoms of acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis are shown below: Acute pancreatitis: • Upper abdominal pain that radiates into the back • Swollen & tender abdomen • Nausea and vomiting • Fever • Increased heart rate Chronic pancreatitis: • Constant pain that
by chiropractic patients (1). Lower back pain can often result from trauma, degenerative changes or postural stress (1). However, patients with uncommon causes of back pain also present to chiropractic offices. One such example is acute pancreatitis (1). Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially life threatening gastrointestinal disorder characterised by the sudden inflammation and haemorrhaging of the pancreas resulting from tissue destruction by its own digestive enzymes, with the potential to elicit
deterioration in activities of daily living alone does not accurately mirror underlying physiological deterioration occurring in patients. On account of theses limits other tools that are more efficient, objective and accurate are necessary to enhance acute hospital care. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE 2007) have highlighted the importance of a systemic approach and advocated the use of EWS to efficiently identify and response to pa... ... middle of paper ... ...ways
develop improper psychological adjustments, poor decision-making, and traumatic stress responses (Mishel 1988). Along with her theory, Mishel (1988) developed a scale to rate uncertainty to measure the degree of an individual’s uncertainty during acute injuries, illness, and recurrence of chronic sickness. There is a desire to know what is happening to one’s body, and not understanding the illness will lead to patients being less comfortable. It is the obligation of the nursing profession to help
benefits to Animal Experimentation. It has been said that “not testing new pharmaceutical products on animals is highly dangerous” (HIV and AIDS Information and Resources). Many tests that are done on Animals and then released for the general use are; “Acute toxicity tests consisting of the administration of a single dose of a chemical at a concentration great enough to produce toxic effects and death. An example of such a test is the Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) test in which 50 per cent of the subjects in an
Speech: Animal Testing Introduction: Rows of rabbits wait in cages, their heads tightly clamped in stocks to prevent movement. The lower lids of the rabbits’ eyes are pulled back. Technicians drip nail polish remover, mascara, shampoo, and astringent into their eyes, where the chemicals stay for three to 21 days. The chemicals burn and often blind the animals. Rabbits’ sensitive corneas make excellent subjects for this procedure—called the Draize test—because they cannot cry to wash away the
challenges we face in our lives put a strain on our bodies mentally and physically causing us to stress. However,there are different types of stress that people experience. “The acute, episodic and chronic stress. Acute stress is your body's reaction to a new challenge, event, or demand. Episodic stress affects those who suffer from acute stress frequently, usually people that suffer from this tend to be very disorganized. Whereas, chronic stress wears you down. People who suffer from this are usually depressed”(Different
person experience. Firstly, Stress can be defined as the sum of biological reactions to any adverse stimuli be it mental, physical, internal, emotional, or external that can disturb the body’s compartmentalized into two different categories – acute and chronic. Acute stress is the most common form of stress. Which occurs when we encounter demanding and pressures work in the recent past or the near future. For example, when a deadline is approaching, stress may help you to focus and complete your task
1. Using the transtheoretical model, Tammy is at the second stage, which is the contemplation to preparation stage. Tammy has been physically active throughout her life by playing softball. In the contemplation to preparation stage the individual wants information to sign up, has interest, and are planning to set goals. In this scenario, Tammy has come to the professional to begin an exercise program. It is also noted that Tammy is interested because she recently read an article about the benefits
Should animal testing be banned? Now，animal testing is still a controversial subject, and the scientists are facing an increasing problem, which more and more people appeal to stop animal testing. The original purpose of animal testing was inventing drugs for human diseases. For example, Scutti (2013) states that 98 of Nobel Prizes awarded for Physiology or Medicine, 75 were directly dependent on research from animals. The four non-animal experiment prize winners were also relied on the data, which
Animal Cruelty How would you like it if you were used in an experiment to see if the mascara your girlfreind used was safe? And then when they were done with you, they disposed of you and killed you off as if you didn’t matter. Well that’s what is being done to animals. They are being tested on. Sometimes scientist give animals radioactive material to eat to see how fast they die. If you know that the animal is going to die, why would you do something so inhumane for no apperant reason? On
Each year, several million rabbits, mice, and rats, as well as other laboratory animals, are slated to die over the next decade in order to advance the knowledge of science (Coghlan, 2002). Many people have come to view this use of animals as unethical, while others argue that animal testing is the only truly adequate way to test the safety of new products and medicines. In addition to taking the philosophical high ground, examination of why researchers should consider alternatives to animal testing
(Intro)Nonhuman Animal Experimentation is defined as the use of nonhuman animals in research and development projected for the sole purpose of determining the safety of substances such as foods or drugs. According to The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), scientific experiments have required animals to “inhale toxic fumes,... remain immobilized in restraint devices for hours,... suffer through the drilling of holes into their skulls,... withstand the burning of their skin,... and
Pre-clinical testing is performed to Good laboratory practice (GLP) and covers pivotal toxicology & safety pharmacology studies. In preclinical research, scientists test their ideas for new biomedical prevention strategies in laboratory experiments or in animals. “Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) can be seen as two sides of the same coin. PK and PD have a definite relationship, assessing how much drug gets to the site of action and then what that action is. Both activities are essential
trigger results in enhanced levels of concentration and focus. This experience affected me personally and enhanced my focus and allowed me to gain new knowledge and sills. The experience itself connected to sensation, perception, constructive coping and acute stress response. Different people are going to experience different psychological themes and connections depending on what type of activity they do, but personally, I believe the act of stepping out of one’s comfort zone and taking part in an event
the injury of alveolar capillary endothelial cells and type I pneumocytes lead interstitial alveolar edema (non cardiogenic pulmonary edema) and atelectasis. Fluid that contains protein accumulates in the interstitial and alveolar spaces. In this acute phase, massive concentration of cytokines and lipid mediators are present in the lung. In response to proinflammatory mediators, leukocytes move into interstitial and alveoli. In addition, plasma protein accumulates in the air spaces with cellular
Over the past two years, I volunteered in the emergency department at Presence Saint Joseph Medical Center. However, this past summer, my duties at the hospital changed slightly after another volunteer joined me in the emergency department. It was her first time volunteering at this hospital, so she knew very little about the hospital’s logistics. Being highly experienced in the emergency department, I acted as her mentor. In any other department of the hospital, volunteers can ease into their
Tumor lysis syndrome- Acute tumor lysis disease has metabolic differences that are the direct result of fast release of intracellular contents during the lysis of harmful cells. This usually happens in patients with ALL or Brurkitt lymphoma during the first treatment but may happen in a sudden and unplanned way before the beginning of therapy. Tumor lysis syndrome may also happen in other cancer growths that have a large tumor load, are very sensitive to the use of powerful drugs, or have a fast-proliferative
From the beginning, disaster has etched itself into the very core of mankind. Disasters continue today, more violently and destructive than ever before. In the past two decades alone, there are multiple counts of disaster that still cause much distress from the mere mention of the name – September 11th, 2001; Hurricane Katrina in 2005; Hurricane Ike in 2008’ the 2010 Haiti earthquake; the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of 2011; the Sandy Hook elementary shooting in 2012; the Boston Marathon bombings