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The french revolution and the terror
Terrorism and cybercrime
Terrorism and cybercrime
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Threats of terrorism at ports in the United States have rapidly expanded. Seemingly, most threats are initiated by individuals or groups who want to alter world order by over throwing governments. Terrorism proceeded to emerge during the French Revolution. Additionally, it has been on a consistent rise and encompasses port security threats and attacks throughout the nation. Individuals who attempt to carry out such horrific acts do so in an attempt to invoke fear and mass pandemonium to achieve an objective. Their efforts are fueled by their perspective reflective of beliefs, norms, and customs or about religion. Anyone who is hurt in the process is viewed as casualties of the cause. Although many of the threats or attacks are the result of terrorisms, there are also man-made and natural threats that can be just as damaging to ports and facilities thereof. Terrorism, natural and man-made threats have become very prominent with the use of different tactics, methods, techniques, and modes of operations, weather conditions, and advanced technology especially within the boundaries of the United States. Threats, attacks, and disasters can happen in a variety of forms (riots, chemical warfare, bombings, hurricanes, explosions, power outages, flooding, network sabotage, identity theft, tornadoes, illegal immigration, drug and human smuggling, etc.) that can disrupt the operational functioning at ports. The security level at U.S. ports are constantly being tested in an effort to determine vulnerabilities by individuals or groups that desire to enter and exit with the least amount of restrictions. In a relative article, "Port Security Put to the Test" author Sakr (2007) provided great details about the relativeness of the fear of terrorism...
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...ties of the internet, possible advancements in technology, and research concerning the manner of its use. This is a viable way in early detection of threats to counteract those who are determined on creating destruction with the use of the internet and other network systems to achieve an objective. In a 2007 article entitled “The Container Security Initiative and Ocean Container Threats” (Haveman) argues that it is important to provide the protection needed at the nations ports in an effort to minimize the threats associated with entry and exit of international cargo that can be utilized as weaponries for destruction. The objective according to (Haveman) is to identify problematic issues and quickly implement steps that are aligned with globally interchange of products and services so that the United States maritime environment can maintain its functional capacity.
The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2011 prompted the world to reevaluate and drastically modify airport and airline security. “Four targets had been chosen, all iconic American buildings that would send a clear message of the depth of their hatred for the United States. All four planes crashed, killing all on board—terrorists, crew members, and passengers, along with hundreds who were killed inside the structures, on the ground, and the men and women who ran into collapsing buildings in an effort to try and save others” (Smutz 1). As Jason Villemez said “the decade after the 9/11 attacks reshaped many facets of life in America” (Villemez 1). Before the attacks, people did not think that large scale hostility towards innocent people in our country was remotely possible. Ever since that fateful moment, citizens in America are on their toes every day worrying about another attack happening. United States citizens have had to adapt and change in response to this fear of further terrorist assault on our country. One of the ways they have adapted is by changing their means of security concerning airline travel.
The Department of Homeland Security as an umbrella department has taken in many organizations to complete their primary duties of national security. To complete their mission on boarder protection and movement from international waters the DHS had the U.S. Coast Guard assigned to it. “The Coast Guard has many duties, including the protection of coastal and inland waterways, environmental protection, the interdiction of contraband, and maritime law enforcement.” (White, 2014) Since the Coast Guard ...
Being the oldest daughter of a Senior ATF Agent, I have been exposed to domestic terrorism all of my life. My father has investigated thousands of bombings, fires, and explosions for more than twenty years now. Many of these incidents were examples of the terrorism that I speak about. His experiences have taught me countless lessons and informed me of many current events. The information that I have obtained from him is far more valuable than anything that the media could ever possibly convey. Though he is always strictly guarded with the confidences of his profession, he has always provided me with a firsthand knowledge of the impact that domestic terrorism has on the citizens and law enforcement. Through him, I learn the facts of these incidents without the media’s exaggerations. Today I will share with you some of these facts. I will talk to you about the impact that domestic terrorism has on our citizens. These impacts include: the monetary damages that terrorism inflicts, along with the injuries to the victims, the shocking repercussions that are embedded into the minds and souls of the people who come to sort through the rubble to find the survivors and the remaining evidence.
Terrorism represents a continuing threat to the United States. It is the most significant threat to our national security. Terrorist attacks have left many concerned about the possibility of future incidents of terrorism in the United States. Since the events of September 11, 2011, Americans and much of the world have been afraid. Americans are at war with terrorism and no longer feel comfortable.
What concerns the government of the United States most is the security of the critical infrastructure from the cyber threats. The nation is depending heavily on the technology in most of its critical sectors to keep it up and running. Thus, this makes its more vulnerable to cyber-attacks from outsiders and insiders. Therefore, its protection must be a priority.
Terrorism originated back as early as the 14th century. The French Revolution originated the word of “terrorist” and “terrorism” (Terrorism Research, n.d.). The use of the word "terrorism" began in 1795 in reference to the Reign of Terror initiated by the Revolutionary government. (Terrorism Research, n.d.). In recent years, there have been major terrorism events in the United States such as 9/11, U.S.S. Cole, Boston marathon, and the federal building bombing in Oklahoma. Shortly after 9/11, Homeland security implemented five threat conditions (Red, Orange, Yellow, Blue, Green) with red being severe and green being the lowest threat condition. The author further states that local police are in the best position to learn about intelligence regarding terrorist threats and potential targets. Many of the resources available to local law enforcement include crime prevention seminars, community policing and partnerships with local businesses particularly banks, realtors, car rental agencies and
The concept of homeland security has developed over the last decade. Homeland security as a concept was precipitated by the terrorist attacks of 9/11. However, prior to 9/11 such entities as the Gilmore Commission and the United States Commission on National Security discussed the need to evolve the way national security policy was conceptualized due to the end of the Cold War and the rise of radicalized terrorism. After 9/11, policymakers concluded that a new approach was needed to address the large-scale terrorist attacks. A presidential council and department were established, and a series of presidential directives were issued in the name of “homeland security.” These developments established that homeland security was a distinct, but undefined
Modern piracy has touched nearly every corner of the globe and has increased with globalization. The tentacles of piracy now extend from South America to the South China Sea. The greatest numbers of piracy incidents occur along maritime commercial trade routes. Since China dominates the world’s container shipping industry, the South China Sea has become a hotspot for piracy (Kraska 2011). The prominence of cargo activity increases opportunity for pirates and indisputably triggered the sixty- nine incidents of piracy that were reported in 2009 in the South China Sea (Kraska 2011).
More than forty thousand merchant ships, and countless number of smaller coastal craft, ply world oceans which comprise nearly seventy percent of the earth’s surface. Each year approximately ten million containers of cargo, containing raw materials to finished goods are transported by seas. The ships are owned by different states, private companies or individuals and manned by mixture of seafarers from different countries, mixed together from various nationalities. These ships are perhaps the most autonomous entities on earth as rule of law allows frequent change of their allegiance or identity by choosing a flag to suit their requirement.
Maritime piracy and terrorism have often been used interchangeably and there exists an on-going debate about their definition and legal meaning. The 1958 Geneva Convention on High Seas defines piracy as, “any illegal act of violence, detention or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed on the high seas against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft; persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State.” Maritime terrorism on the other hand is defined as “any illegal act directed against ships, their passengers, cargo or crew, or against sea ports with the intent of directly or indirectly influencing a government or group of individuals.” These definitions highlight the motivational difference between the two. Pirates are often motivated by private ends attained through financial gains whereas maritime terrorists are politically motivated and they aim to influence the government through threat of violence at high seas. In the case of pirates the financial gain does not necessarily have to be substantial and the pirate group also does not have to be robust. Peter Chalk divided piracy into three categories: - one where pirates commit low-level crimes and take cash and personal belongings, two where medium level attacks are committed by more organized and better armed pirates in territorial waters or on the high seas and violent robbery occurs, and the third category involves high-level assaults like hijacking of ships, on-board cargo and crew members. Terrorism experts are of the opinion t...
With the rise of Islamic extremist groups, international terrorism has now become a worldwide social dilemma. The roots of this social problem include a variety of possibilities; however, most commonly terrorism is perceived as an issue triggered by the economic and political inefficiency of a country. In recent years this belief was particularly supported during presidency of George W. Bush and later reinforced by the “anti-Islamic” sentiment triggered by the events of September 11, 2001. Likewise Joseph Kahn and Tim Weiner, authors of World Leaders Rethinking Strategy on Aid to Poor, agreed with President Bush’s strategy of financially assisting the poor Middle Eastern nations to combat terrorism. In addition to poverty, transnational terrorism is also attributed to the political
Michael D. Greenberg, Peter Chalk, Henry H. Willis, Ivan Khilko, Davis S. Ortiz, “Maritime Terrorism: Risk and Liability,” (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2006)
Terrorism has many forms, and many definitions. “Elements from the American definitional model define terrorism as a premeditated and unlawful act in which groups or agents of some principal engage in a threatened or actual use o...
The nation has become dependent on technology, furthermore, cyberspace. It’s encompassed in everything we deliver in our daily lives, our phones, internet, communication, purchases, entertainment, flying airplane, launching missiles, operating nuclear plants, and implicitly, our protection. The more ever-growing technology empower Americans, the more they become prey to cyber threats. The United States Executive Office of the President stated, “The President identified cybersecurity as one of the top priorities of his administration in doing so, directed a 60-day review to assess polices.” (United States Executive Office of the President, 2009, p.2). Furthermore, critical infrastructure, our network, and internet alike are identified as national assets upon which the administration will orchestrate integrated cybersecurity policies without infringing upon and protecting privacy. While protecting our infrastructure, personal privacy, and civil liberties, we have to keep in mind the private sector owns and operates the majority of our critical and digital infrastructure.
In this world there are many different topics of controversy. With every controversial topic comes different views and arguments explaining why people believe what they do. There are problems that can be just within one country or throughout the entire world. Terrorism affects everyone in the world, specifically us as Americans, which is why it is one of the biggest controversial topics. Of course with a topic as big as terrorism, there are emic and etic perspectives involved. With past history, there are specific countries and religions that we think of when we hear the word terrorism, specifically Afghanistan, located in the Middle East and the Muslim religion in that general area. Being part of the American