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strategies teaching autistic children pdf
introduction on effective strategies for teaching learners with Autism
strategies teaching autistic children pdf
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Introduction
Children that have autism tend to have greater difficulty obtaining the information and curriculum of language arts in a baseline teaching classroom environment. Ferraioli and Harris states that if provided with an appropriate educational and interventional experience beginning early in their lives, can move into and benefit from a more typical educational setting (Ferraioli & Harris 2011; e.g., Lovaas 1987; Smith et al. 2000) . Baseline teaching styles consist of instruction from the teacher or para professional and the student is only interacting with the teacher, para professional, or tutors (i.e. student asks questions directed to the teacher, teacher responds to question and not use the input of other classmates). Owen-DeSchryver, Carr, Cale, and Blakeley-Smith speaks about a study conducted on students with autism and other students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) reported that Hilton and Liberty (1992) 78% of interactions were purely instructional in nature and occurred between the students with special needs and their teachers, teaching assistant, or peer tutors rather than with classmates who were not acting as tutors. Considering language arts is essential to the development of language in a child’s life, parents’ of children with autism are prone to be concerned with their child’s ability to retain and effectively use the skills learned in the language arts’ curriculum.
Based on varies studies, children with autism that are introduced to teaching styles that incorporate peer interaction and interaction with their teacher is associated with higher retention rates in learning in general. Children with autism who actively share and follow the attention of others (via coordinated attention to toys and ...
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...sm. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. doi:10.1037/a0028506
• Owen-DeSchryver, J. S., Carr, E. G., Cale, S. I., & Blakeley-Smith, A. (0). Promoting Social Interactions Between Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their Peers in Inclusive School Settings.
• Sze, K. M., & Wood, J. J. (2007). Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Comorbid Anxiety Disorders and Social Difficulties in Children with High-Functioning Autism: A Case Report. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. doi:10.1007/s10879-007-9048-y
• Georgia Department of Education. (n.d.). Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests (CRCT). Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.gadoe.org/curriculum-instruction-and-assessment/assessment/pages/crct.aspx
• Michigan.gov (n.d.). . Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Final_Parent_Involvement_Fact_Sheet_14732_7.pdf
Development of social skills is very important for children that are diagnosed with autism because of ...
Incidental teaching focuses on child-initiated interactions. (Hall, 2013) Incidental teaching is used to increase skills of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. (Hall, 2013) A study done by Hart and Risley (1975) looked at the incidental teaching process used at the preschool age to aide in teaching language. Incidental teaching has been the most frequent strategy that has been used to teach language. When using incidental teaching a child’s request may be verbal or nonverbal. Examples include reaching for an object that is out of one’s reach, requesting food or a toy or calling an adult’s name. There is a series of decisions that an adult can use to respond to the child’s request. These choices include: if the occasion should be used for incidental teaching: if so then a choice regarding the language behavior that is obtained from the child, and then a choice has to be made concerning the cue that will be used to initiate instruction, the cur could be focus of attention by itself, or in addition to the focused attention a verbal cue as well. If the individual does not respond to the cue, then a choice concerning the degree of prompt to be used, the “fullest degree: a request for imitation; medium degree: a request for partial imitation, or minimal degree: a request for the terminal language behavior.” (Hart & Risley, 1975) This study was performed on boys and girls between the ages of four years old to five years old. The baseline procedures ensured that the children had a variety of vocabulary for use in sentences. The sentences that they were taught was “I want x so I can y.” The second step of the procedure was the use of incidental teaching of compound sentences directed to teachers. After thirty-six days of school, the incidental teaching began to occur when the children needed assistance in trying to get different preschool materials.
Autistic children are isolated from most schools, socially and within the classroom. Although most children with auti...
This paper will review five studies concerning the behavior and development of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. The studies investigate how autism effects communication, socialization, cognitive development, and a number of other areas. Researchers use many different types of scales to measure and compare the difference between children with ASD and typically developing children.
2. People with autism have problems with abstract and conceptual thinking. Some may eventually acquire abstract skills, but others never will. When abstract concepts must be used, use visual cues, such as drawings or written words, to augment the abstract idea. Avoid asking vague questions such as, "Why did you do that?" Instead, say, "I did not like it when you slammed your book down when I said it was time for gym. Next time put the book down gently, and tell me that you are angry. Were you showing me that you did not want to go to gym, or that you did not want to stop reading?" Avoid asking essay-type questions. Be as concrete as possible in all your interactions with these students.
Snell, M. E. (2003). Autism, Education of Individuals with. In J. W. Guthrie (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Education (2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 161-162). New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
Luiselli, James K. "Verbal Language and Communication." Teaching and Behavior Support for Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Practitioner's Guide. New York: Oxford UP, 2011. Print.
..., Tager- Flusberg, H.,& Lainhart, J. E. (2006). Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism: Interview development and rates of disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 36(7), 849-861.
The goal is to uncover each child’s unique motivations and use these to teach them the skills they need to know for life. Joining a child with autism rather than stopping them, will make a difference in gaining their trust. Having their trust will draw a close connection with them, making it possible for improved communication. Undoubtedly, the building blocks for a successful life with autism is to add a positive outlook. In addition to changing your reaction to their behaviors. I believe that these changes of going against the grain, will show the improvement of interactions.
Autism is a disease. One of the main characteristics is having social problems. Children with Autism have trouble interacting with other children. They won’t play with other children. They could be so focus...
Whenever the benefits of inclusion are brought up the first component that comes to mind is: social interaction. The benefits of social interaction is the most important component for including children with autism in an inclusion, general education setting (Lynch & Irvine, 2009). The reason this benefit is so high within a general education setting is that interactions occur at a greater frequency. Typical peers that meet cor...
The impairments of social interaction present in children with Autism lead to misunderstanding by and isolation from much of the community. In order for these children to become as high functioning as possible and to live a successful life as a member of society, the children need to be taught appropriate social interaction behavior. The use of social stories, Applied Behavior Analysis, and Pivotal Response Training can be used to shape these behaviors while allowing the children to experience interaction with their peers. Active peer involvement greatly incr...
One of the most difficult things teachers will face when dealing with Autistic children is their lack of communication skills and inappropriate or nonexistent social skills. In addition to academic instruction children with Autism require instruction in communication techniques and social skills. Kamps et.al. says “A key to accommodating students with autism in public school settings is the provision of social and behavioral programming to develop meaningful participation with nondisabled persons” (p.174).
“Autistic learning is of a disconnected kind and therefore pupils with autism need to be shown what connections are as well as what the specific connections are within the particular learning experience with which they are engaged.” (Powell, 2000)
Jordan, R., & Powell, S. (1995). Understanding and Teaching Children with Autism. New York: Wiley.