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inequality between male and females in sports
Effects of Student Athletics on Academic Performance
inequality between male and females in sports
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Literature Review "There can be little doubt that intercollegiate athletics is one of the significant filters through which the public looks at American post-secondary education" said Lapchick, Sperber, Telander, and thelin (p. 1). This leads to multiple future college student-athletes being recruited by college coaches. In addition, Mixon, Toma and Cross stated, "The public's image of an institution as well as it’s attractiveness to prospective students are often influenced by the performance of its athletic teams" (p. 1). There are very few individuals who desire not to experience failure, but they rather experience the personal desires accomplishments and success. According to Greendorfer & Kleiber, "men and women may differ in their reasons for athletic participation" (p. 164). This creates a view of intercollegiate athletics being looked upon from two different perspectives. This creates opportunities for different individuals. A person’s development occurs within the classroom, just as well as it does during extracurricular activities. A combination of providing settings for teamwork, motivational goal seeking, and fair play, athletics can build character. A key characteristic for student-athletes is commitment when dealing with these certain activities. The research mainly expresses that participation in college athletics will create positive characteristics towards the academics of student-athletes. Gender In the past, the issue of gender was a highly discussed topic amongst the athletic world. Blinde (1989) initiated "some female athletes have experienced greater difficulties in meeting the simultaneous demands of student and athlete roles" (p. 36). Majority of the terms used by recent female athletic organizat... ... middle of paper ... ...c Psychology, 147, 7-18 Brown, C. & Bohac, J. (1997). Beyound athletic participation: Career development interventions with student-athletes. Journal of College Student Development, 38, 671-673 Chartrand, J.M. & Lent, R.W. (1987). Sports Counseling: Enhancing the development of the student-athlete. Journal of Counseling and development, 40, 151-162. Covington, M., Simons, H., & Van Rheenen, D. (1999). Academic motivation and the student. Journal of College Student Development, 40, 151-162. Hanson, S & Kraus, R. (1998). Women, sports, and science: Do female athletes have an advantage? 71, 93-110. Kuh, G. D. (1995). The other curriculum. Journal of Higher Education, 66, 123-155. Pascarella, E. T., Bohr, L., Nora, A. & Terenzini, P. T. (1995). Intercollegiate athletic participation and freshman-year cognitive outcomes. Journal of Higher Education, 66, 369-387
When I was accepted into the University of Oklahoma, I was not aware of the tradition or prestige that the football team carried. Moreover, I had no idea about the honor it was to don the crimson and cream in the arena of athletics. And, I never envisioned rooming with them. I enjoyed sports, but I loved reading and writing more. Initially, I was focused on building a collegiate career that one day would propel me to my goal of studying law. Yet, the more time I spent interacting with the athletes, the more parallels I noticed between their personalities and mine. Their diligence, perseverance and compassion were all traits that I could identify with since they were reflective of me. For the most part, the majority of the athletes were hungry to achieve and they desired knowledge at all costs; a combination that still resonates with me today.
Potuto, Josephine (Jo) R., and James O'Hanlon. "National Study Of Student-Athletes Regarding Their Experiences As College Students." College Student Journal 41.4 (2007): 947-966. Humanities International Complete. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.
Howard-Hamilton, Mary F., and Julie Sina. "How College Affects College Athletes." New Directions for Student Services (2011): 35-43.
Because of the unique issues facing student athletes, academic administrators and student affairs professionals are challenged to adequately address these challenges. While there may be existing services on campus to assist all students with success related issues, institutions must also take a closer look at the services that will be the most effective for student athletes. An important element is not only having a conducive learning environment for services, but also staff personnel who understand the complex life of a student athlete. Many athletic advising and counseling programs concentrate on academic eligibility; however, student athletes can also benefit from services that promote the overall development of the student (Howard-Hamilton & Sina, 2001). Based on the aforementioned, institutions could greatly benefit from a dedicated office that works directly and closely with student athletes. An Athletic Student Developme...
Education and athletics, two of the most prized activities within our society. It's therefore no surprise that the two so closely link in one of our society’s favorite pastimes: college sports. Some believe that these two things benefit each other and some don’t. In the Forbes article titled “Rethinking the Benefits of College Athletics,” the author Jonathan Robe, a research fellow at the Center for College Affordability, explains, “In my short life, I’ve long been perplexed with the way many higher ed administrators–particularly college presidents–tend to laud college sports for the benefits they add to institutions of higher learning.“ He argues that college athletics do not benefit colleges and in some ways can even harm them. A majority of the supports are strong and, despite a few ineffective supports and language, Robe's argument is effective for its intended audience.
Education and Athletics, two of the most prized activities within our society. So is it any surprise that the two are so closely linked in one of our societies favorite pastimes College Sports? Some believe that these two things benefit each other and some don’t. In this Rhetorical Analysis I will be analyzing the argument presented by the article titled Rethinking the Benefits of College Athletics, which questions the academic benefit that college athletics provide. The article which appeared in Forbes magazine is written by Johnathan Robe a research fellow at the Center for College Affordability and Productivity. The author describes his thesis in the first sentence of the article stating “In my short life, I’ve long been perplexed with the way many higher ed administrators–particularly college presidents–tend to laud college sports for the benefits they accrue to institutions of higher learning.“ (Robe 1) arguing that college athletics are not beneficial to colleges and in some ways can even be harmful. Robe's argument does provide supporting evidence, however it is unlikely to convince those readers that come into it with an opposing view.
The goal of every coach is to create an environment in which his athletes can flourish. Performance anxiety is a coach’s worst enemy simply because it can have a negative impact both mentally and physically on athletes. The mastery approach to coaching is a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to promote a mastery-involving motivational climate (Smith, Smoll, Cumming, 2007). How a coach handles his athletes is essential for their confidence and ability to overcome any level of performance anxiety. Critical or punitive feedback from coaches can evoke high levels of negative affect in children who fear failure and disapproval, thereby contributing to a threatening athletic environment (Smith, Smoll, Cumming, 2007).
As it becomes increasingly acceptable for women to be athletic in American culture, a new question arises: in which sports should women be allowed to participate? From a physiological standpoint, it has been scientifically proven that female bodies do not differ significantly enough from male bodies to prevent them from participation in any "male" sports. This division between "male" and "female" sports clearly stems from age-old, socially constructed norms of femininity and masculinity. When women attempt to challenge these societal molds by participating in sports that are traditionally male, the intricate web of norms is disrupted. Like many other instances where traditional social constructions are tinkered with, individuals and communities are forced to reevaluate how they think about and categorize their surroundings. I would argue that women's participation in athletics, especially in non-traditional sports, is instrumental in breaking down stereotypes and social confines that have plagued women for centuries
"College Athletic Programs Undermine Academics." Student Life. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 27 July 2011.
High school sports are approached with clashing opinions. Some of these opinions are positive, and supportive of athletics. “Athleticism, among many activities, offers teens a physical outlet to exert their troubles, anger, emotions, and other feelings” (Chen 1). This can be observed in nearly all of the football players in Friday Night Lights. This can also be noticed in the world today. “Athletics help high school students understand their own abilities and talents” (Chen 1). This piece of evidence is very accurate when describing high school athletes. Sports can make a high school student humble. As can be seen by the preceding information, high school athletics can have a positive impact on a student’s life.
Sports are an easy activity to participate in, which every passionate high school student hopes to get a college scholarship for. The University of Michigan scouts for well-rounded students to enroll within their school who participate in activities in and out of school. It would not matter if a high school student was on a travel soccer team, but was not on the varsity team at their high school. This is because colleges look for those who participate in sports within school and have excelling grades. Although, the University of Kansas looks for high school “graduates that participated in many activities both in and out of school” (Berkowitz). It is not whether students decide which college to attend solely by their own decision, but it is the college’s preference in whic...
Colleges demand a well-rounded resume that students are trying to fulfill so they can get accepted to the college or university they desire most. “We know schools and families are embedded in society and are responding to its changing requirements and demands, with respect to the competitiveness to the college admissions process, the kinds of skills needed to succeed in the workforce, and even uncertainties in the global economy” (NYU Study Examines), in a study, students from a big university admit to finding that students are becoming more stressed out because of college pressures while still in high school. Colleges are trying to find the students that can succeed in both academics and extracurricular activities. Once students get into college, student athletes can buy a book written by Carl I. Fertman appropriately titled Student Athlete Success – Meeting the Challenges of College Life, to help organize their priorities with their busy schedule. This is a work book that allows the college athletes relate to other college athletes that feel the same way they do. College has its own set of challenges that high school students usually do not face, so this book would help the students cope with these new challenges. In the first section, there is a heading that is labeled “What Student-Athletes Say” with a list of common quotes from student athletes themselves. For example “Sometimes I feel like student athletes have extra pressure and greater expectations placed on them than other students. Everyone knows who we are and people are looking at us to catch us doing something wrong”. (2), which shows how students that do participate in sports feel as though they have added pressure because they are so well known in most cases. Although they do commit to being more known than a regular student when they join a sports team, it is often not fair to the
For decades there has been a debate on student athletes and their drive to succeed in the classroom. From the very beginning of organized college level athletics, the goal to want to succeed in athletics has forced students to put academics to the back burner. In spite of the goal to want to succeed over a hundred years of attempts to check limits of intercollegiate athletic programs on colleges' academic standards still seems to struggle to this day. This brings to surface one of the most asked questions in sports, “What effect does college sports have on academics and economics?” Herbert D. Simons, Derek Van Rheenen, and Martin V. Covington, authors of “Academic Motivation and the Student Athlete” researched the topic on whether athletics and academics benefit each other. Bryan Flynn, the author of “College Sports vs. Academics” poses the question “Should institutions of higher learning continue to involve themselves in athletic programs that often turn out to be virtual arms races for recruiting talented players who bring big money and prestige, but put academics to the back burner?” Although both authors agree that sports have an impact on an athlete’s academics, the focus of their argument differs.
Rosewater, Ann. “Learning to Play and Playing to Learn: Organized Sports and Educational Outcome.” Education Digest 75.1 (2009): 50-57. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 27 Oct. 2011.
There are many benefits gained from participating in team sports. Team participation can build self esteem, promote social interaction and help one gain a sense of responsibility. Being involved in a team sport can also help you to attain personal fitness goals and maintain wellness. The time spent practicing with a team, will improve your skills and give you countless hours of enjoyment.