Adaptive Response Introduction Our bodied are naturally made to adapt to the changes around us for example when we get sick the body tries to heal itself or fight against the disease with the natural immunity that is within us; this process is call compensatory mechanisms. A s explained by Huether & McCance (2017), natural barriers are the first line of defense from birth to protect us from disease. However, we still need to protect ourselves from organisms that our bodies cannot fight. In this paper the writer will address three different disorders that affect the body and how the body mechanisms try to adapt to the changes Scenario 1 According to the disorder portrayed in the first Scenario Jennifer a 2 year is suffering from tonsillitis. As noted in Huether & McCance (2017), tonsillitis is an infection that affects the upper respiratory tract. Tonsillitis can either be a viral of a bacterial infection in most cases the bacterial is common in children. At the mucosa of the tonsils, the area appears red which sometimes spread to the pharynx with symptoms as tonsillar exudates and sores; petechiae are often seen with streptococcal while ulcerative lesions are common in viral form (Di Muzio, et al. 2016). In our normal compensatory …show more content…
Irritant contact dermatitis is a non-immunologic response that directly damage the skin by chemical of a physical agents that can be acute and localize to area of contact like, the hands face, eyelids neck etc. While allergic contact dermatitis is hypersensitive reaction to individuals previously sensitized, the T cells ignite a reaction that causes skin inflammation typically within 48 hours (Rashid & Shim 2016). Jack was exposed to a chemical irritant that caused redness, flaky and hot to touch a typical occupational contact dermatitis that is chemically
The physical effect of exposure to dioxin was first seen in skin diseases developed by chemical plant workers in 1895. The exposure to dioxin results in a type of skin disease like acne called "chloroacne," since its cause was initially and incorrectly linked to chlorine gas. In 1957, in Germany, Dr. Karl Schulz of the University of Hamburg identified chloroacne in several workers from a Boehringer chemical plant. The disease in its mildest form resembles teen-age acne but differs in that the blackheads and cyst cluster in two locations: appearing in a crescent shape outside of and under the eyes and ears. In more pronounced cases, pus-containing spots erupt and spread across the rest of the face, neck, shoulder and down to the rest of the body.
In our body’s we have thousands upon thousands of cells that work together to maintain the whole structure. Although cells accomplish different roles, they all are comparable in their metabolic conditions. Preserving a continuous inner environment with what the cells require to survive like sugar, minerals, oxygen and waste removal is essential for the cells and host well-being. The diverse process that the body controls its inner environment are referred to as homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to maintaining a stable environment in reaction to environmental changes. The body’s inner environment requires constant observation to maintain a stable inner environment this way if conditions occur they can be adjusted. Homeostatic regulation is the adjustment of systems in the body. “Homeostatic regulation involves three parts or mechanisms: 1) the receptor, 2) the control center and 3) the effector.” (Wikibooks, para. 2)
imagine a condition where this awesome system turns against the most complex organ in the human body,
This condition occurs when the immune system produce abnormal response against substances that are normally present in the body. The immune system becomes incapable in differentiating healthy body tissues and antigens, which results in the destruction of normal body tissues. This is usually characterized by hypersensitivity reaction almost identical to the response in allergic conditions. The cause of the autoimmune disorders are still unknown, however, there is a theory stating that some microorganisms or drugs may have trigger these changes. These can also affect one or multiple organs or tissues. Some of the most commonly affected are blood vessels, joints, muscles, red blood cells, skin, and connective tissues.
The next time you come in contact with latex, the IgE antibodies sense it and signal your immune system to release histamine and other chemicals into your bloodstream. The more exposure you have, the more your immune system is likely to respond to latex (sensitization). These chemicals cause a range of allergic signs and symptoms. Histamine is partly [sic] responsible for most allergic responses. (ACAAI)
Although gross medical advancements have allowed the human population to live longer and fuller lives without the threat of death from infectious diseases, it is apparent that we are now dealing with a different phenomenon that may be just as harmful to our health. The impact of psychological, social and environmental factors from our daily lives is having a drastic impression on the mental and physical wellbeing of our society. It has been shown in various studies that psychological and neurological factors influence the immune system and can have an effect on our health (Breedlove, Rosenzweig & Watson, 2010). As we allow various stressors, poisonous substances, unhealthy diets and lack of rest to overwhelm our existence, we are inevitably shortening our life span and killing our bodies.
Liam is a previously healthy boy who has experienced rhinorrhoea, intermittent cough, and poor feeding for the past four days. His positive result of nasopharyngeal aspirate for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) indicates that Liam has acute bronchiolitis which is a viral infection (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). “Bronchiolitis is the commonest reason for admission to hospital in the first 6 months of life. It describes a clinical syndrome of cough tachypnoea, feeding difficulties and inspiratory crackles on chest auscultation” (Fitzgerald, 2011, p.160). Bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress and desaturation (91% in the room air) to Liam due to airway blockage; therefore the infant appears to have nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and tachypnoea (54 breathes/min) during breathing (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Tachycardia (152 beats/min) could occur due to hypoxemia and compensatory mechanism for low blood pressure (74/46mmHg) (Fitzgerald, 2011; Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Moreover, Liam has fever and conjunctiva injection which could be a result of infection, as evidenced by high temperature (38.6°C) and bilateral tympanic membra...
Addie Rerecich was an eleven and a half year of girl who was just as normal as any other kid her age. She played sports and was very social. All that changed one night when she woke up complaining of some pain in her hip. Her mother thought it was just a simple softball injury, so she gave her some ibuprofen and sent her back to bed. When the pain didn’t subside, she was taken to the hospital. Initially the doctors said she had symptoms of a virus. The next day she could breath well and they said she now had pneumonia. When at the hospital the disease specialist said Addie had “community-aquired” resistant staphylococcus MRSA from picking her scabs. This infection caused damage in her lungs and was so bad she was then put on ECMO, total life
There are many ways to categorize illness and disease; one of the most common is chronic illness. Many chronic illnesses have been related to altered health maintenance hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are associated with diet and stress, deficient in exercise, tobacco use, and obesity (Craven 2009). Some researchers define the chronic illness as diseases which have long duration and generally slow development (WHO 2013); it usually takes 6 month or longer than 6 month, and often for the person's life. It has a sluggish onset and eras of reduction for vanishing the symptoms and exacerbation for reappear the symptoms. Some of chronic illness can be directly life-threatening. Others remain over time and need intensive management, such as diabetes, so chronic illness affects physical, emotional, logical, occupational, social, or spiritual functioning. Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes, all of these diseases are the cause of mortality in the world, representing 63% of all deaths. So a chronic illness can be stressful and may change the way a person l...
The human race is known to have developed numerous allergies to various known and unknown allergens. An extreme allergic reaction which can be “life-threatening”. Mydr.com.au, 2014) is referred to as Anaphylaxis. It is a “medical emergency”(Lloyd & Sisman,2013).Statistics indicate that maximum deaths occur due to allergic reactions to various medicines. Other causative agents can be insects, food, latex, hair dye, etc(Lloyd & Sisman,2013).
Although we might not all agree on whoever or whatever created the human body, I think we can all agree it is an amazing, self-functioning machine. The ability of the body to maintain a healthy status quo and to heal itself without input is unlike any man made machine in existence. However, with today’s society wanting more and at an ever accelerating rate, the incredible inventions of doctors, engineers and scientists have that work in conjunction with the body to heal is truly amazing. Despite the body’s talent to heal subconsciously, it turns out there is many ways we can affect the process with our current health, both positive and negatively. The human body has programmed ways to recoup and revive damaged cells but in an ever changing world there are many things we can do externally and internally to affect the body’s already amazing process.
The body works in amazing ways like a fine tuned machine. All organ systems within the body depend on one another for survival in some way or form at all times. Cherif et al., (2010) state, the body depends on the precise action of each organ to maintain physical, mental, and emotional health of a human being. Also, homeostasis, the regulatory of body temperature plays a survival role in maintaining body functions. The integumentary system (skin) is the largest, and the most important part of the body. The skin is just one of the organ systems that will be discussed (Thibodeau & Patton, 2008). The body is expected to perform specific duties at specific times the organ systems as a whole, the most important organ system the integumentary system, and homeostasis, are what enables the body to perform on demand.
Soloman, G. Psychoneuroimmunology: Interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system. J Neurosci Res 18:1-9 (1987).
One of the many wonders of a perfectly functioning and healthy human body is its immune system, which may be considered as a powerful set of tools developed for resisting any sudden invasion of microorganisms or, any foreign particle as such. The striking feature of the immune system is self-tolerance, i.e. the body recognizes its own molecules and does not mount an immune response against them. Yet, there are some instances when this defence mechanism reverses and attacks the human body itself. This process, known as autoimmunity, is highly complex and is defined by loss of self-tolerance and the presence of autoantibodies or T-lymphocytes reactive with host antigens. Autoimmunity, although present in everyone to some extent, is the cause of a broad spectrum of human illnesses, called autoimmune diseases. Multiple factors are involved and the disease progression is determined by both genetic and environmental triggers. Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is governed by chronic excess reactivity of B and T cells against autoantigens, evidence of lymphocytic infiltrates in target organs and associated tissue damage.
Physical diseases usually involve the ‘physical’ appearance of a person, this could be permanent or temporary fixture. Physical diseases are diseases of the body, not the mind. Many things including bacteria, virus, and genes can cause physical diseases. Physical diseases can be divided into acute and chronic. E....