Introduction
The Telecommunications Act of 19961 (Act) was enacted by Congress on February 8, 1996, primarily to promote a pro-competitive, deregulatory environment for telecommunications providers. However, Congress realized that difficulties might/would arise in its implementation if state and local governments attempted to exert their jurisdiction in ways that would erect or maintain barriers to telecommunications facilities.
The siting of telecommunication towers and antennas was of major concern at this point of the game. However, this problem long existed before the new Act became law and still today causes ill feelings worldwide. It is stated that over 80 percent of those who succumbed to different types of cancer lived within a third of a mile from cell phone antennaes. The cancers were found in the prostate, breasts, lungs, kidneys, liver, are the ones associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Yet, still they question the validity of whether or not RF causes problems within the communities and that of human beings.
This paper will discuss the benefits and problems of telecommunication towers and antennas and the environmental effects that it may have on a community. It will also discuss resolution to those problems as well from the FCC view point, and discuss many ways that we may use to control radiation exposure from cell phone towers on a personal basis.
Every day there is a growing body of scientific evidence that the electromagnetic radiation they emit, even at low levels, is dangerous to human health. The current U.S. standard for radiation exposure from cell phone towers is 580-1,000 microwatts per sq. cm. (mW/cm2).
Since then, telecommunications businesses have been attempting to erect...
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...://www.statisticbrain.com/cell-phone-tower-statistics/ www.epa.gov/radiation/understanding-radiation-overview.html www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety https://www.fcc.gov/encyclopedia/radio-frequency-safety Electromagnetic fields and public health: base stations and wireless technologies
Web site: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs304/en/index.html
Federal Communications Commission, Office of Engineering and Technology. Radio Frequency Safety. 6/25/2012. Retrieved at www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety/rf-faqs.html on April 20, 2014.
ANSI-C95.1, 1982, American National Standards Institute. American national standard safety levels with respect to human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, 300 kHz to 100 Ghz. New York: IEEE. https://www.google.com/search? stock-image-cell-tower-top-antennae-
http://www.eatonco.org/section-vii-xi---telecommunications-towers-and-antennas.htm
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 can be termed as a major overhaul of the communications law in the past sixty-two years. The main aim of this Act is to enable any communications firm to enter the market and compete against one another based on fair and just practices (“The Telecommunications Act 1996,” The Federal Communications Commission). This Act has the potential to radically change the lives of the people in a number of different ways. For instance it has affected the telephone services both local and long distance, cable programming and other video services, broadcast services and services provided to schools. The Federal Communications Commission has actively endorsed this Act and has worked towards the enforcement and implementation of the various clauses listed in the document. The Act was basically brought into existence in order to promote competition and reduce regulation so that lower prices and higher quality services for the Americans consumers may be secured.
In 1998 a Maryland neurologist, Dr. Christopher Newman, was diagnosed with brain cancer and he could no longer work as a result of his disease. He claimed that the Motorola cell phone he had in 1992 to keep in touch with his patients gave him cancer. Then in 2000, he filed an $800 million lawsuit against several wireless providers including Motorola Inc., Verizon Communications Corp., Bell Atlantic Mobile Systems, and others. Within a month, the U.S. District Judge Catherine Blake dismissed the case due to lack of evidence. This case happened during a time where people were confused about how electromagnetic radiation affects the human body. Fast-forward to today and there is still confusion. A lot of people today feel like they are at risk from developing cancer from electronic devices like cell phones, microwaves, and laptops. That is simply not true.
Commission Document Print Email. (2014, April 3). Comment Deadlines and Effective Dates of Closed Captioning Order. Retrieved April 5, 2014, from http://www.fcc.gov/document/comment-deadlines-and-effective-dates-closed-captioning-order
For years people have tried to figure out one big question. What is the real cause of cancer? After much research, the statistics say that cancer is a disease of the modern world (Stevenson 1). A few main factors that cause cancer are the use of tobacco, industrial agents, and a person’s weight and diet. (Landau 2-4). The modern environment and everyday lifestyle of people contain factors that cause cancer.
Cell phones also pose troubling health issues. In addition, many local cities and states have prohibited the use of cell phones while driving, yet many more are considering the ban of cell phones while driving. Some in the industry say cell phones are no more dangerous than car radios, and the productivity and usefulness in emergencies outweigh the safety cost. Not to mention, there are concerns that prolonged cell phone use may cause cancer or other health related problems. Sarah Glazer is an American journalist based in London. She is a Contributing Writer for the Washington, D.C.-based
The overwhelming data describes the details of the dangers involved when people use their cell phones whil...
Cell phones have gradually become a large part of a person’s life. A person’s day usually starts and ends by using a phone. People may argue that this is false, but for many, their alarm is on their phone, and that is the first sound they hear in the morning, followed by the action of turning it off. Even looking at the time of day requires someone to turn on their phone. Even though a cell phone might be the most innovative item on the market that makes everyone’s lives easier, it could end up harming them from many different aspects. This paper will focus on scientific, economic, and environmental point of views.
It is undeniable that cellular technology has become main stream. “It was estimated that there were 92 million cell phone users in the US, a number growing by one million every month.” (Frumkin, Jacobson, Gansler & Thun 2001). The arrival and widespread use of cell phones has peaked interest of the health effects of radiofrequencies in the human body.
"How dangerous could a cell phone actually be?" That is one of the many questions a person will ask themselves throughout their lifetime. Cell phones cause many distractions to humans throughout the day. Many cell phone owners find themselves checking their phones for messages and notifications even when the phone did not vibrate or ring. The overuse of cell phones will have negative effects on the mental and physical health of its users, will cause driving distractions, and will have a negative impact on the communication skills of humans.
The 1980s while the delivery of programming via satellite was evolving, the 1984 Cable Act effectively deregulated the industry, stimulating investment in cable plant and programming on an unprecedented level.
Brain tumors and eye cancer are two health concerns of cell phones that are currently under investigation. Many people have heard rumors about whether or not cell phones are responsible for these health problems, but answers never seem to be found.
Cell phones are devices that emit radio frequency electromagnetic waves commonly referred to as RF-EMW (Brossner, Davoudi, and Kuber 19). Signals are transmitted through these waves from cellular devices to large antennas and centralized base stations (19). Studies show that excessive cell usage of four or more hours daily can affect male fertility greatly (19). The reproductive system of men is super sensitive and compartmentalized (19). Exposure to electromagnetic waves and currents may have some effect on count of sperm and motility (19). This is due to sperms electrically active cellular nature (19).
First of all, using mobile phone has the negative effect of affecting the health. The scientific data are exploring the relationship between radiation from mobile phones and brain disease. "Research carried out by scientists in Finland suggests radiation from mobile phones causes changes in the brain. It is the first time that scientists have looked at the effects of mobile phone radiation on human cells rather than those of rats"(BBC NEWS, 19 Jun 02 | Health, "Fresh fears over mobile phones"). From above we must understand that research did find a higher incidence of brain tumors on the same side as phone usage.
There is no mobile phone network coverage in a dead zone. These are both indoor and outdoor problem locations where a signal is not available. Calls are often dropped in certain buildings, homes and outdoor locations across the nation. It is very frustrating when you experience no coverage from your home, office or car due to inconsistent service. Cell phones need towers and antennas for calls to go through. More cell phone towers will have to be built to eliminate the gaps in coverage. Cities that host the towers will benefit from the additional revenue the towers gener...
To conclude i would like to say that regulatory agencies have concluded cell phones are safe, cell phone radiation is non-ionizing and studies indicate that there are long term risks but we need more data on intense sustained usage, and cell phones can be used more safely by only using them when signal strength is strong and the transmitter doesn’t have to transmit as much energy.