LIDAR, stands for Light Detection And Ranging, is an active optical remote sensing instrument. It is an innovative technique that uses laser for probing the planetary atmosphere [1, 2, and 3]. Atmospheric LIDARs use narrow pulsed lasers. Flash-lamp pumping is generally employed in generation of Q-switched lasers. Flash-lamp pumped (FLP) systems produce lasers at low repetition rate with high pulse energies. Several problems such as limited life-time of flash-lamp and requirement of pump motors for driving deionised (DI) water to cool the laser cavities limit the applications of FLP systems in strategic fields. Recent technologies employ semiconductor diodes as pump sources for solid-state lasing materials. These units built-in with accousto-optic modulator (AOM) produce pulse modulation in laser at high repetition rates. Diode pumped solid-state (DPSS) lasers offer several advantages over conventional FLP types. DPSS lasers generate radiations in Infrared (IR), visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectral bands. The commercially available DPSS lasers offer features as high pulse repetition rate, excellent beam profile, compact size, narrow pulsing, good spectral purity, long-life and stable output. Moreover, DPSS lasers operate with air cooling.
Recently LIDARs were employed with Q-switched DPSS lasers for atmospheric investigations. Micro pulse LIDAR [MPL] is a version of DPSS laser based new generation LIDAR technology. In recent years, MPLs have become increasingly popular owing to their unattended operation and more suitable for long-term measurement of atmospheric parameters [4]. The MPL uses high repetition rate, low pulse energy lasers for atmospheric investigations [5].
The MPL technology was successful globally and have been used in the studies of high altitude clouds [6], atmospheric aerosol [7], slow air motion [ 8], aerosol extinction [9], global monitoring of aerosols and clouds [10], boundary layer aerosol [11], internal boundary layer [12, 13], horizontal visibility [14], low humidity layer [15], multilayer clouds [16], aerosol studies in traffic [17] and also in airborne studies [18].
In India, recently a portable LIDAR [19, 20] was successfully demonstrated at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) for atmospheric studies. The NARL is a Department of Space (DOS) unit operates several LIDAR instruments for atmospheric studies [21, 22, 23, and 24]. The portable LIDAR uses micro pulse operation and was developed under boundary layer LIDAR (BLL) project. The BLL was a popular LIDAR technology in India caused by “its” low-cost design and numerous applications in the scientific field. The BLL was constructed with several innovative features and was filed for intellectual property rights under ISRO in the year 2009 [25].
The others start as a small beam and grows into a bigger area causing the amount of the beam to hit an area to be weaker than when it starts out. The electromagnetic waves then bounce off the ionosphere and radiate back down on the earth. These waves penetrate down to the bottom of the ocean depths. The HAARP project is expected to generate over 1 billion watts when it is completed. It is capable of delivering one watt per square centimeter which can cause the ionosphere to increase and decrease in altitude.
High precision spectrometers such as HARPS are required to preform observations as very high signal to noise ratio. HARPS is a high resolution fiber-fed echelle spectrograph. To maximize the chance of detecting an exoplanet certain requirements have to be met by potential targets. The targets chosen to be studied by HARPS are selected from COR...
The green laser is used due to its incorporation of light in murky waters is the slightest at these wavelengths. One laser is applies which creates an infrared laser. A frequency double then changes the frequency of a fraction of the beam by a aspect of two , resulting in a green light laser.
To power such high-energy lasers, SDI researchers had to develop a new, more powerful type of power. The Multi-megawatt, or MMW, was the main focus for power. During most of the 1980’s the SDI’s MMW Space Nuclear Power Program was the first major focus for work on the high-power open and closed cycle reactors. The work on the nuclear power systems, conducted by the Energy Department under the SDI program, was complemented by the Air Force investigations of non-nuclear power concepts.
Both of these objectives were accomplished by using LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry). LDA is one of the main velocity measurement methods used in professional experimentation. Light beams are shot from a laser onto flowing water. In objective one, a cylinder was submersed in the water flow to determine how the velocity aft of the cylinder was disturbed. While the second objective used the LDA on flowing water with no disturbances.
A Collection of Papers Presented at the 4th International Conference on Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy and Applications (LIBS 2006)
“Lights. Camera. Action.” The New York City based photographer and director, Joey Lawrence has been making a living since the age of 15 as a photographer with a mission. His mission is to spread and inspire creativity throughout the generations, by a push of his finger on his handy Canon EOS 5D whenever the moment is right or “interesting”, as he always says. I chose Joey because of the spunk and confidence he displays with his work and how he gave it his all even at the young age of 15. He has inspired me to go for my dreams even when everyone else finds it too astonishing to be able to come true, and because of that I want to find out more about him and share it with other people to help carry out his mission.
The plasma consists of electronically excited atoms and ions, which can then be analyzed by the spectrometer. When the laser pulse terminates, the plasma begins to cool [11]. It is during this cooling process, where the electrons of the atoms and ions at the excited states decay back into their natural ground states, causing the plasma to emit characteristic wavelengths of light. The atomic emissions can be detected approximately 1 μs after the initial pulse. The emitted light from the plasma is collected by the spectrometer coupled with either a CCD or ICCD spectrograph detector module for the LIBS spectral analysis [11]. Each element correlates to a unique LIBS spectral peaks. Thus, by identifying the different peaks of the analyzed sample, its chemical composition can be rapidly
HPLC UV detectors used to detect and identify components showing an absorption spectrum in the UV or visible region (from 190–600nm). In UV detector, deuterium discharge lamp is used as a light source with the wavelength from 190-380 nm. Tungsten lamp is used additionally when components are detected at the wavelength exceeds 380 nm.
Rapid generation of large area polished optical surfaces by high-power CO2 laser irradiation is shown. Results focus on glasses with high expansion coefficients (a>1025/°C) conventionally used in the optical industry. The technique involves active beam integration to obtain an intensity irradiation profile with a good uniformity over large spot sizes and is applied to preheated glass samples with initial rms roughness up to 500 nm. To find out the conditions for successful and reliable use of the proposed laser polishing method, the laser-driven heating process was monitored by means of the surface and depth temperature
Fiber optic SPR sensor has various advantages compared to conventional prism-based SPR sensor such as miniaturization, simplified optical design, remote sensing, high sensitivity due to SPR as well as real-time analysis and online detection [17]. Due to the structural particularity of optical fiber, propagation of light beam within it is very complex. Depend on the past experiences on fiber optic sensor, it was difficult to obtain high reliability and accuracy. Besides, the detection accuracy may decrease due to chromatic dispersion that exists in fiber optic SPR sensors. By using Maxwell’s equation, theoretical analysis of the sensing mechanism and calculation algorithms of all configurations were obtained [18, 19]. Recently, theoretical analysis on effect of the propagation of skew ray which occupies the most part of light beam in fiber optic SPR sensor is neglected [20]. On the other hand, simultaneous analysis of multiple samples has ...
Kennedy, Gerry. "The Spectronics Blog." The Spectronics Blog RSS. Spectronicsinoz, 15 May 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2014.
Laser is an acronym used for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser treatment is a procedure used to cure skin problems with a strong beam of light. Experienced cosmetologists and dermatologists use this new technology to cure many ailments.
As you can see lasers are a very useful and important tool which is why I have
A micro-optics as an accompaniment to optical fiber communication - by way of all optical related devices and optical switches is the third generation of MEMS commercialization [5]. And the fourth wave of the commercialization could be other applications that may include biological and neural probes, also called lab-on-chip drug development and biochemical system and macroscale drug delivery system. E-nose is also the latest application that comes under fourth generation of MEMS commercialization.