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Teaching Physics I Reflection:
Reflection on Language of Science.
I have very little real teaching experience (8 weeks of contract teaching, lower secondary science). Yet even in this short period of time, I realised that one of the major hindrance to communicating scientific concepts is in the language itself. Through my observations in classrooms and insights from QCP520, I opined that two of the challenges that I find particularly important are the representation of abstract concepts and the usage of English as the language of science.
It is challenging for secondary students understand abstract scientific concepts. I believe this problem lies with the teacher. As qualified physicist/engineers, science educators have no problem visualising scientific concepts. However we should not expect our students to be as capable. As discussed during tutorial, students operate in the concrete world. They understand the world based on information perceived by their senses. Teachers should not expect them to readily understand and accept the abstract concepts governing phenomena such as current electricity, kinetic models, heat transfer and electromagnetic induction.
Our tutorial discussed the use of sub-micro representations (graphs, simulations etc) to help students bridge the gap between concrete (macro) and abstract (micro) representations. The use of analogy, had also been touted as another tool that can help students visualise abstract concepts. (Treagust, Harrison & Venville , 1998)
For example, in teaching current electricity, we can give the analogy of wires being roads and the traffic flow being current. Resistors would be like traffic jams. If there are two traffic jam along the same road, the traffic flow will ...
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...d from http://www.aare.edu.au/08pap/key08676.pdf
Cartillier, J. (2012, March 30). Science under fire from 'merchants of doubt': Us historian. AFP.
Retrieved from
http://news.yahoo.com/science-under-fire-merchants-doubt-us-historian-190044894.html
Berkman, M. B., Pacheco, J. S., & Plutzer, E. (2008). Evolution and creationism in america’s classrooms: A national portrait. PLoS Biology,6(5),
Retrieved from
http://science.nsta.org/nstaexpress/10.1371_journal.pbio.0060124-L.pdf
Claude, A. (2012, February 21). Concerned scientists reply on global warming. The Wall Street Journal.
Retrieved from
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203646004577213244084429540.html
Staver, J. UNESCO, IBE. (2007). Teaching Science.
Retrieved:
http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/publications/EducationalPracticesSeriesPdf/Practice_17.pdf
Robert Root-Bernstein and Donald L. McEachron, “Teaching Theories: The Evolution-Creation Controversy,” The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 44, No. 7 (Oct…1982). This article, written by Robert Root-Bernstein and Donald L. McEachron sheds light on the controversy of evolution vs creationism in schools and the validity of each being called a scientific theory. The work was created to answer the questions, “Which of these theories is truly scientific and which is a religious belief? Which should be taught in schools?” The article concluded in favor of evolution as a valid scientific theory that should be taught rather than creationism, but also mentioned the worth of understanding the latter.
Throughout the span of the past few weeks I have traversed the globe, visiting several countries and regions, only to realize that although new methods develop, language as a way of expressing ones self has remained the most effective. Despite this fact, language still has its pitfalls. Neil Postman, in his essay “Defending Against the Indefensible,'; outlines seven concepts that can be used to aid a student in better understanding the language as a means of communication. He describes how modern teaching methods leave a student vulnerable to the “prejudices of their elders';, further stating that a good teacher must always be skeptical. He urges teachers of all subjects to break free from traditional teachings as well as “linguistical tyranny';
4. Johnson, Kirk. ?Global Warming Moves From Impassioned Words to Modest Deeds.? New York Times 19 November 2000 http://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/19/science/19CLIM.html
Since the time that teaching evolution in public schools was banned as heresy and taboo for contradicting the Bible, most public school systems today take an opposite approach in which creationism is seldom ta...
... 1959; Nagel, 1971). Some are able to bear the burden of absurdity. Others still feel “that nostalgia for unity, that appetite for the absolute illustrates the essential impulse of the human drama” (Camus, 1955). If scientific discovery can be used as a barometer for the zeitgeist of any particular moment, then the struggle between science and creationism is an indicator of a shifting paradigm. Science is alienating those who need a greater purpose and meaning in life. The threat is a personal one. To teach creationism is not only an infringement on religious freedom, it is also the promotion of intolerance and an advocacy for being afraid of existence. Religion is always there for those who need it. Science is there for those dedicated to truth and knowledge and are comfortable with facing the painful, anxiety-producing endeavor of exploring the unknown.
When you hear the words—science, formulas, scientific methods, experiments, procedures—where do you go? Do you turn off? As an educator in the field of science, how can I turn you on?
While children can remember, for short periods of time, information taught through books and lectures, deep understanding and the ability to apply learning to new situations requires conceptual understanding that is grounded in direct experience with concrete objects. The teacher has a critical role in helping students connect their manipulative experiences, through a selection of representations, to essential abstract mathematics. Together, outstanding teachers and regular experiences with hands-on learning can bestow students with powerful learning in
Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., & Lo, K. (2002). "Global Warming Continues." Science, 295, 275.
They also need this relationship to be able to plan their lesson effectively. For children, understanding the nature and process of science is dependent upon their developmental level and the experiences teachers provide for them. Children can begin to understand what science is, who does science, and how scientists work through classroom activities, stories about scientists, and class discussions. Teachers should provide children with many opportunities to make observations with all their senses, to look for patterns in what they observe, and to share with others what they did and what they learnt from their
When integrating Nature of Science into curriculum, assumptions are made about students and instructors. These assumptions include that students are all at the same level in terms of science understanding and concepts as the rest of their classmates, and also assumes that the students learn at the same rates (NGSS: Appendix A). These assumptions are detrimental to science education when focus needs to be on the content being taught rather than teaching background of science as a standalone. Teaching NOS explicitly becomes increasingly difficult when students aren’t given access to proper science learning environments. As mentioned in the High Hopes – Few Opportunities reading, it is stated that, “California students do no typically experience high-quality science learning opportunities[.]” (Dorph et al., 2011). When students don’t have a basis for scientific concepts, it becomes increasingly difficult to teach NOS. America’s Lab Report further expands on the idea that this style of learning is not likely achievable, as “[N]o single […] experience is likely to achieve all of these learning goals.” (Schweingruber et al., 2005) where learning goals is referencing the goals of laboratory experiences that include understanding Nature of Science. Again, when a lack of understanding for general science exists, its arguably much more difficult to teach
I have ensured that I meet my students’ science needs by assuring that the material needed to be cover in the class was covered. Furthermost, the students are able to learn from exploring, which is different from teaching the students how to and giving them the information needed. The students were still able to learn the material needed to be covered by discovering the content.
The role of language in science was taken for granted, however, this chapter by Sutton (1998) addressed this issue by highlighting the influential role of language in science education. Sutton’s focus was mostly on the written aspect of language, however, there are other aspects that are influencing science education and consequently affecting the teaching and learning processes. One of these aspects is the language science is represented with, such that the language science is being represented in textbooks might be different than the students’ or teachers’ mother tongue. This raises challenges for teachers and for students, whereby teachers had to bridge the gap between scientific terminologies and students’ mother tongue. To elaborate, from my experience in practicum, I noticed students struggled to express their thoughts using accurate English and scientific terminologies. For example, once I asked students to describe the life cycle of butterflies based on a figure that I had provided, a
Murcia, K. (2008). Teaching for scientific literacy with an interactive whiteboard. Teaching Science - the Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association, 54(4), 17-21. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.
One of the widest used methods is learning through discovery. Discovery is finding out information using hands on experiments. The children can discover what happens in science and why. They answer the problems for themselves. They use their schema, prior knowledge of science, to search for information. The cycle of scientific discovery is first a question or series of questions are raised. Second, through a discussion a problem is identified and narrowed so that the kids can solve the problem. Third, with the assistance of the teacher, the children propose a way of looking at the problem and then collect the...
In this course I experienced an important change in my beliefs about teaching; I came to understand that there are many different theories and methods that can be tailored to suit the teacher and the needs of the student. The readings, especially those from Lyons, G., Ford, M., & Arthur-Kelly, M. (2011), Groundwater-Smith, S., Ewing, R., & Le Cornu, R. (2007), and Whitton, D., Barker, K., Nosworthy, M., Sinclair, C., Nanlohy, P. (2010), have helped me to understand this in particular. In composing my essay about teaching methods and other themes, my learning was solidified, my knowledge deepened by my research and my writing skills honed.