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roles and values of assessment in teaching and learning
the value of assessment in teaching and learning pdf
roles and values of assessment in teaching and learning
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The most difficult aspect of being an English teacher, for me, is assessing my students’ writing. I can remember, so clearly, the day my cooperating teacher handed me a student’s writing and said, “Read this and give it a grade.” After reading it, I felt an overwhelming and uncomfortable power shadow over me. I didn’t know the rules of assessment. What was I supposed to be looking for anyway? I was able to realize immediately that there is a definite difference between knowing how to write an essay and knowing how to assess one.
When I was asked what I finally came up with as a grade, I told her the student earned a “B.” She agreed and I remember thinking to myself that maybe my task wasn’t as difficult as I had thought moments before. Then, just when I thought the hard part was over, she asked me why I gave it a “B.” After giving her my reasons, she stated she was in agreement with me. At this point, I asked her what grade she had given it. She replied, “B-.” Now I was completely baffled. How could she agree with everything that I said and then give it a different grade?
Whether or not teachers like to admit it, assessing writing is, in fact, a fragile issue as well as a partly subjective one. For instance, while my cooperating teacher agreed with my insight, she also thought that particular student should have applied more effort to the essay. After teaching this student for eight months already, she was aware of his capabilities as a writer and expected more. Her reasoning was one that I would never have been able to develop since I was not as familiar with the student.
Can the assessment of writing be accomplished in a fair manner? There is no doubt that readers are subjective viewers. It is an issue that we are unabl...
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...rection. In this way, the students will earn higher grades and become better writers in the process. This direction through assessment will help lead students to success.
The use of assessment in writing remains a delicate topic for many teachers. However, with our help, it can grow to be a positive force in our students’ lives. Berlin once said, “To teach writing is to teach a version of reality.” The importance of communication and success in our world is, indeed, a reality. Isn’t the assessment of writing, after all, a version of reality as well? Aren’t we supposed to be preparing our students for their futures? Although assessing writing is not a simple task, it should not be viewed as unfair or unnecessary. Instead, we must consider it unfair and unjust to hide this reality from the students who will continually encounter it once they exit our classroom doors.
Perfection is not always the answer. I found myself wishing that I had Murray as a teacher. It would be interesting to see if writing badly actually makes ones writing experience different. Instead of policing the writing, Murray actually cares about what is actually being said and that shows that his students are important and that he cares about their voice. Readers can feel satisfied that there is at least one teacher who tries to understand and is actually doing something to change writing in his classroom. Murray finished his essay by saying, “What matters in the journey – at least initially – is not what kind of car you’re driving but where you end up.” This leaves the reader knowing that it is okay if you choose to write with perfect grammar the first time or write badly then go back and fix mistakes if you desire to do so. The readers leave with an extra tool to use when
In Downs and Wardle’s article, they argue and identify the flaws in teaching writing in college. Demonstrating the misconceptions that academic writing is universal, but rather specialized in each case. Citing studies and opinions from esteemed professionals, Downs & Wardle state their points and illuminate the problem in today’s many colleges.
This article, reporting on the research done by Margo Glew and Charlene Polio of Michigan State University, examines writing assessment in a different way than most research on the topic. The goal of this research was to look into how an ESL student chooses prompts for a writing exam when offered a choice. Polio and Glew not only investigate how they choose, but how long it takes each student to choose and if they should even be given a choice at all.
In his essay, "Teach Writing as a Process not a Product," Donald Murray outlines the major difference between the traditional pedagogy that directed the teaching of writing in the past and his newly hailed model. Traditionally, Murray explains, English teachers were taught to teach and evaluate students' writing as if it was a finished product of literature when, as he has discovered, students learn better if they're taught that writing is a process. For Murray, once teachers regard writing as a process, a student-centered, or writer-centered, curriculum falls into place. Rules for writing fall by the way side as writers work at their own pace to see what works best for them.
“What is Good Enough Writing, Anyway?” by Lynn Bloom and published in 2006, questions the standards professors hold their students writing to. Bloom asks the questions, “is good enough writing great?” and “is it reasonable to want better than good enough?” At first glance, Bloom’s writing seems to reach out to students, motivating them to reach above average and to become great writers. However, she is reaching out to teachers, imploring them to enhance their teaching styles, and to inspire their students to want more from their writing.
The article begins with subjective examples of what a “problem” is when it comes to challenges faced by students. The examples portray students having excuses for not being able to write. The writers successfully identify the underlying issues. I personally thought the examples were unnecessary as the point was clear enough. The central arguments focus around providing the impression of “basic writers”, and introduction of classroom activities and exercises. As the authors claim that these are what so called “Reflective practices” (Fernsten and Reda 171). The latter part of the central arguments emphasize on the multidisciplinary application of the presented strategy. Conclusion does seem to conclude and cover essential points from the evidences provided.
Being a new teacher of English, I find the assessment of compositions to be a concept I question and struggle with on a regular basis. Having consulted several colleagues, mentors, administrators, and fellow graduate students, I have come to the conclusion that there is no easy answer to this tedious yet ever important question. While there are many inlets and outlets to this dilemma, for the sake of time I will touch on only three. While all three are very different in terms of concepts, rituals, and conducts, they all come together to one common goal - helping students express themselves in terms of writing.
English is an important and required course to take in any level of education. In the past, we all have taken various English courses that have helped us enhance our reading and writing skills. Over the couple of years I have been here at the University of Cincinnati, I have taken English composition classes, which have helped me evolve as a writer. However, after taking this course, my reading and writer skills have enhanced tremendously. With the goals and outcomes set for the class, that allowed students to gain an indication of the level of reading and writing skills will be accomplished. The outcomes entailed knowledge in critical thinking, rhetoric analysis, conventions, electronic environments, and cognitive analysis. In order to determine
English has never been my best subject. Reading books can be exciting, but the writing aspect of English can be dreadful. Somehow, however, I passed all my advanced English classes with at least a B, and my teachers always considered me to be “above average.” My impartiality toward English shifted to an indifference near the end of my high school career; my indifference then shifted to appreciation. This appreciation is attributed to American Studies and Honors Writing, the most difficult English classes at Belleville East Township High School. American Studies and Honors Writing have strengthened my writing skills beyond what I believed possible. I still do not believe that I am the best writer, and English may never be my best or favorite
Writing this evaluative essay is both beneficial to the teacher and the TCC English Department. The professor because she had given us a chance to critique her and tell her, her strengths and weakness of her teaching; it favored the English department because they now know how effective the textbook is and how effective this class is to the students actually taking it. Because I had a teacher who was willing to help when in need, English 111 wasn’t as hard as others portrayed it to be. I had a good professor, peers, and the writing center to help me with this class. I hope to continue to be successful in the second part of the course. Although I do not enjoy writing essays this is an essay I enjoyed writing.
Test experts say, “essay tests do the best job of tapping students’ higher-level thought processes and creativity” in compared to other assessments like true/false or fill-in-the-blank, common objective tests (Arends 238). Through this form of evaluation, students express their thoughts in a complex style that highlights their points and ideas most effectively. Essays allow a student to explain his or her position in an argument, opinion of a text, decision in a problem set, and so on. They are not black and white, which leaves room for creativity. The student must engage his or her cognitive processes so that he or she demonstrates the thesis clearly. Answering objective-based questions, such as fill-in-the-blank, test a student’s ability to recall material learned in class. Essays, on the other hand, require that students apply what they learned in various ways. Students must demonstrate an understanding of the subject, not just an ability to regurgitate facts sponged into their brains during a lesson. A student with the capacity to explain himself in an essay employs a higher-level of cognitive process than one asked to decide whether a statement is true or false.
Responding to student writing is rife with potential — potential to help students improve their writing, potential to encourage a writer to continue, and potential to make the student feel like a failure. The written text used to responding to student writing, the end notes, the marginalia, is hugely influential to student writing, but largely ignored. John Swales might identify this kind of text as an “occluded” genres—texts that are produced on a very regular basis in a composition class (including syllabus, assignment prompts, etc), but are largely ignored or viewed as inconsequential. The result of this kind of ignored text is that responses to student writing vary greatly and, when scrutinized, generally demonstrate very little substance and very little direction for the writer. In addition to ostensibly useful feedback such as guidance, praise, and corrections—comments that effectively lead students to improve their writing, the marginal comments also include negative and seemingly useless remarks ranging from non sequiturs to failure, meanness, and cruelty.
Similarly, average writing ability is higher among students whose teachers emphasize more than one process writing strategy. The 1992 NAEP assessment offered direct evidence that use of pre-writing activities is associated with the highest average proficiency scores. There is some conflicting evidence, however. The writing proficiency of students who reported their teachers always encourage various pre-writing activities (table 1) obtained higher scores than other students. Yet, on the 1992 NAEP assessment, students who actually used unrelated notes or drawings, wrote different versions, or wrote first drafts performed about the same as those who did no pre-writing. Only those who used lists or outlines, or diagrams, outperformed those who showed no evidence of pre-writing. Perhaps students* actual practice in a test situation does not always conform to what is taught, especially in response to time pressure or low motivation (the NAEP has no individual consequences for the
I believe it is important for any student who wants to do their best in a class to take a moment to evaluate their own work to determine the rate their writing is progressing and how they can continue to advance their writing. When I looked through my own work I asked myself “what have I learned this semester?” and “what do I still need to learn in order to improve my writing?”. Answering both these questions will help me with my last step of my self-evaluation, developing a plan to learn new skills.
In spite of the importance of assessment in education, few teachers receive proper training on how to design or analyze assessments. Due to this, when teachers are not provided with suitable assessments from their textbooks or instructional resources, teachers construct their own in an unsystematic manner. They create questions and essay prompts comparable to the ones that their teachers used, and they treat them as evaluations to administer when instructional activities are completed predominantly for allocating students' grades. In order to use assessments to improve instruction and student learning, teachers need to change their approach to assessments by making sure that they create sound assessments. To ensure that their assessments are sound they need include five basic indicators that can be used as steps to follow when creating assessments. The first of these indicators and the first step a teacher must take when creating a sound assessme...