In this 21st century, management has been observed as both art and science (Reh, 2010). It is an art as it helps people to be more innovative, creative, and effective on doing their job, compare with the previous time when people would have been doing their job without applying the knowledge of management. Likewise, management can be considered as a science in how managers will be able to manage people and help them to involve further and to be more effective. The term of manager here refers to the person who responsible for planning and directing the work of a group of individuals, monitoring their work, and taking corrective action when it necessary (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter, 2008). Taylor‘s four principles has been used in many managerial from the past decades and it is proven that Taylor’s principles has given progress in the managerial work, business, and education (Wren, 1994). However, Taylor’s principles which have been used in the past decade are being questioned if rather it is still practicable and suitable in this era or not (Carrol & Gillen, 1987, P. 38). While the purpose of this essay is to see if the Taylor’s four principles are still being applied in this 21st century and it can be successfully used even in a non-profit motivated company or organization such as government service. Interview and research have been done and it clarifies that Taylor’s principle are still being used in this particular era even though it is a non-profit organization such as government.
Mr. U has been working in Ministry of Foreign Affair Republic of Indonesia which is a non-profit organization government service. He is the head of section in Consulate General of Indonesian Republic in xxx. He is categorized as a middle-level...
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The twentieth century has brought in a number of management theories which have helped shaped our view of management in the present business environment. These emerging theories have enabled managers to appreciate new patterns of thinking, new ways of organising and new ways of managing organisations and people. Over the years these different theories have enabled the study of trends that have taken place in the management field. The major management viewpoints- which include the classical, behavioural and contingency approaches- have assisted in the formation of the contemporary twenty-first century management theory and techniques (S. C. Certo & S. T. Certo, 2006). Although, there are significant differences among all these approaches they seem to be unified by the efforts of improving an organisation’s efficiency in terms of proper human resources management. Furthermore, the dissimilarities seen in these approaches are due to the always changing organisations and environments which demand new management practices and techniques be applied to maintain the efficiency of an organisation.
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Although it maximized efficiency and productivity but its main limitation was ignoring human aspects of employment. This is manifested in the following:
the study of time and action; b) the management on assignment; c) the theory of organization. (8)Taylor’s theory created a revolution in the subject of management because it was the first scientific method in field of management science. (1)After that, management became a truly scientific knowledge and it expanded and modified by later generations. Therefore, Taylor is “known as the father of scientific management”. (2) Taylor put forward a perspective which was “study the character, the nature and the performance of each workman” and moreover, to “train and help and teach this workman”. (3) In the following paragraphs, will exploring the relevant and irrelevant hypotaxis between Scientific Management and organizations.
Our first pioneer was Henry Fayol. Fayol was one of the pioneers who were accountable for constructing the modern management theory. Before Fayol created his principle his company who was currently was facing difficulty and with the experiences he had and the principles he created he was able to turn the mining company around. “Henri Fayol 's "14 Principles of Management" have been a significant influence on modern management theory. His practical lists of principles helped early 20th century managers learn how to organize and interact with their employees in a productive way” (Henry Fayol Principles of
The evolution of management though the decades can be divided into two major sections. One of the sections is the classical approach. Under the classical approach efficiency and productivity became a critical concern of the managers at the turn of the 20th century. One of the approaches from the classical time period were systematic management which placed more emphasis on internal operations because managers were concerned with meeting the growth in demand brought on by the Industrial revolution. As a result managers became more concerned with physical things than towards the people therefore systematic management failed to lead to production efficiency. This became apparent to an engineer named Frederick Taylor who was the father of Scientific Management. Scientific Management was identified by four principles for which management should develop the best way to do a job, determine the optimum work pace, train people to do the job properly, and reward successful performance by using an incentive pay system. Scientifi...