The systematic design process is a design process that solves a problem by not only observing the problem but also observing the natural environment of the problem and other systems that the problem interlinks. This article seeks to explore and explain how three different books, The Mechanical Design Process by David G Ullman, Engineering Design: A systematic Approach by Pahl G, Beitz W, and Engineering Design: a Project Based Introduction by Clive Dym and Patrick Little; explain the systematic design processes and the instructional design.
Instructional design
Commonly known as the instructional systems design, is the inquiry of learning, education needs and methodical progression of instruction. Instructional designer occasionally employ the use of Instructional technology as a way for evolving instruction. Instructional design prototypes characteristically stipulate a technique, that when followed to the later will simplify the movement of skills, knowledge, and attitude to the acquirer or recipient of the instruction.
Kemp's Instructional Design Model: Jerold Kemp model defines 9 different constituents of an instructional design while in the same moment adopts an unremitting evaluation/implementation prototype
Gagné's Nine Events of Instruction: regarding to Robert Gagné in 1985, there are nine measures that give an outline for an operative learning progression: 1) gaining attention 2) offer an educational and learning objective 3) arouse reminiscence of erstwhile knowledge 4) presenting the facts 5) offer guidance for knowledge consumption and learning processes 6) elicit performance 7) provide feedback of the task 8) assess performance to see if knowledge has been gained 9) enhance preservation and transmission of the kn...
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...be, Branch and Gustafson, 2002 pg. 2. In distance learning students lack amenities such as magazines, books, encyclopedia schooling, and learning resources for creating and augmenting knowledge but pictured resources with decent instructional design in online scholarship provides all these amenities in the system of mashup software and web 2.0.
In conclusion, the instructional design and the systematic design process have enabled people who are away from information to access it through the internet in the virtual drives. These ability to learn from a distance commonly known as electronic learning has enabled a huge number of individuals to gain great knowledge that they would otherwise have not achieved. The instructional design and systematic design have made the access of information easier for everybody who has access to tools that help the access the internet.
In his article, “Can You Be Education from a Distance?”, James Barszcz effectively weighs the pros and cons of online education compared to the traditional method, while effectively supporting his position with factual information and statistics. While distance education proves to be convenient for students, Barszcz asserts that it eliminates valuable experiences necessary in order to get the most out of the material being learned.
According to VanGenderen (2014), design thinking is processes one can use in order to come up with a solution to a problem through exploring new alternatives that did not exist before. It involves direct observation and qualitative data. In fact, world problems are simple and manageable once one uses design thinking. Design thinking consists of five steps which are; empathize, define, Ideate, prototype and test.
Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models volume II: A new paradigm of instructional theory. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Driscoll, M. P. (2000) Psychology of Learning for Instruction. (2nd ed.) Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Design thinking process has eight generation stages: observation or analysis, framework, imperative or facts, solutions or alternatives, alternative evaluation and concept selection, implementation, construction, and post occupancy evaluation.
The Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a concept that is used at the point of teachers planning. This idea stems from the field of architecture and attempts to design products and environments so that they are usable by all people, in this case students, to the greatest extent possible without the need for adaption or specialised design. (Ashman & Elkins, 2008) The universal design for learning aims to promote access, participation and progress in regular education for all students and therefore has been suggested as a response that meets the needs of students.
Van Dusen, L. R. (1995). Can integrated instructional technology transform the classroom?. Educational Leadership, 53(2), 28. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
The instructions created by teachers and trainers in different educational and training institutes as well as in training programs of different organizations, which include the “instructional experiences which helps in making the learning a better experience by enabling and making the process of acquisition of related and relevant knowledge and skill more efficient, appealing in nature, and effective for the learner; is known as “Instructional Design”.
Wiggins, G., & Mctighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
There is good reason for the growth in online learning in college environments. Student populations have diversified since the introduction of the personal computer and internet (O’Malley and McCraw). Students with geographic, job, or other constraints are now able to benefit from a college education because advances in technology have enabled learning for those for whom higher education was previously not within the realm of possibility.
Kameenui, Edward J., and Deborah C. Simmons. Designing Instructional Strategies: The Prevention of Academic Learning Problems. Columbus, OH: Merrill Pub., 1990.
Some students within society need to have online learning to complete college degrees due to their lifestyles. While it is good to have online learning as an option if one chooses, it should not be the only option available to some students. Some may argue that online education is not creating discrimination within the educational environment. Furthermore, some may suggest that online learning is benefiting our students in society. There has been a breakthrough in time and geographical limitations of education via online courses (Ho, 2009).
Addressing learning objectives at the beginning of the lesson, referencing learning targets that they have crafted/partially authored, putting into context what they want to learn, further elaborating how what they want to learn relates to the unit learning targets, and reusing the learning target language throughout the lessons helps students to understand how/why the learning targets apply to key concepts and learning activities throughout the lesson. While students will continue to master these learning targets throughout the lessons, they were able to apply their understanding to each learning target when they:
People have a lot of options in educating themselves online in today’s time and technology. Online education has improved a lot in the past twenty years. Even though it has had its setbacks, it continues to show promising results. Online education has many benefits with little to no disadvantages. It provides flexibility in scheduling and offers various options in educational online programs. In the past decade, education has evolved into a more technological-driven world.
In the undergraduate educational setting, student proficiency and comfort with technology are stressed, but the essential mission of most undergraduate institutions (especially, liberal arts institutions such as Dartmouth) is on the development of the individual. The nurturing and supportive environment of most undergraduate institutions helps students mature and develop. The rave and fad of online undergraduate learning causes students to miss out on too many intangibles of an on-campus education. Our current theory on education hasn’t adequately dealt with the intricacies of a web-based education, and therefore the effectiveness of such is highly questionable.