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poverty in africa introduction
poverty in africa introduction
the refugee crisis in the world composition
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In the face of a dwindling budget and uncertain prospects, Mubarak settled on moving from the pricey University district of Al Rashid to a cheaper neighborhood in the fringes of the capital. As he thought of his urgent decision, he recalled what an Iraqi immigrant at the refugee commission once told him “The cost of living is extremely low in Khrebat, and the people there are affable and tolerant of foreigners. In order to get there take the bus to the Wehdat transit center. Then take the Khrebat minibus and tell the chauffeur to drop you off at Hajja Nima bus station. Once there, ask any passerby about the Sudanese men who live at Hajja Nima lodging. Everybody in that neighborhood knows where they live. They will be happy to show you the community and assist you to find an apartment or a house for a discounted rent. They are very good men. Some of them used to be my neighbors back in Baghdad”
Thus, one temperate Friday afternoon, when Khrebat minibus arrived in the neighborhood and stopped at Hajja Nima stop, Mubarak got off and asked a bystander if he knew where the Hajja Nima's residence, which the Sudanese rented, was. “You are precisely at their house,” said the young man amiably, pointing to a dilapidated one floor building atop a flat hill with a red brick fence so low-set that it almost negated the function it was built for. So Mubarak thanked the man and then walked around the fence until he was squarely in front of the dwelling. When he knocked on the half-open improvised wooden gate, a half-asleep and half-naked young man answered. The man welcomed Mubarak graciously and then ushered him into the verandah of their quarters. One thing that attracted Mubarak’s attention instantaneously was the huge number of people insi...
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...have burdened him so much that he contemplates of moving to another country and live where no one knows him. However, like every one of us, he made a vow not to return home until people rise and dumb Omar Al Basher and his pinions into the dustbin of history. We will do our best to make sure that he calls you as soon as possible,” said Ibrahim, bidding Mubarak farewell.
On his way back to the University neighborhood, Mubarak pondered over the appalling conditions which his countrymen have been forced into. Reprehensibly, Sudanese communities even abroad are microcosmic representation of Sudan, economically socially and politically speaking. While, opportunists and loyalists of Basher’s Salvation Regime lived in abundance and afforded access to the best services in the kingdom, victims of its unjust policies lived in squalid conditions and absolute indignity.
Elizabeth Fernea entered El Nahra, Iraq as an innocent bystander. However, through her stay in the small Muslim village, she gained cultural insight to be passed on about not only El Nahra, but all foreign culture. As Fernea entered the village, she was viewed with a critical eye, ?It seemed to me that many times the women were talking about me, and not in a particularly friendly manner'; (70). The women of El Nahra could not understand why she was not with her entire family, and just her husband Bob. The women did not recognize her American lifestyle as proper. Conversely, BJ, as named by the village, and Bob did not view the El Nahra lifestyle as particularly proper either. They were viewing each other through their own cultural lenses. However, through their constant interaction, both sides began to recognize some benefits each culture possessed. It takes time, immersed in a particular community to understand the cultural ethos and eventually the community as a whole. Through Elizabeth Fernea?s ethnography on Iraq?s El Nahra village, we learn that all cultures have unique and equally important aspects.
Since 1983, the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Sudanese government have been at war within the southern region of Sudan. This brutal conflict has ravaged the country claiming hundreds of lives and exiling a vast number of the southern Sudanese people. Most of these outcasts were young men aging between five and twelve years of age who returned home from tending cattle to see their village being attacked and their fellow villagers being killed by government militias . These boys fled, not knowing what they would encounter on the journey to escape the violence in their own country. Hungry, frightened, and weak from their long and hellish journey, the boys reached refugee camps outside of Sudan. Even though many young men were killed on their journeys to and from refugee camps in Kenya and Ethiopia, many remained at these camps for numerous years. While in the camps, they heard news of an opportunity to travel to the United States for hope and a promise of a better life. In Mark Bixler’s The Lost Boys of Sudan: An American Story of The Refugee Experience, Bixler depicts the story of these young men or Lost Boys’ and their determination to receive an education that would not only transform their lives but also the lives of their kinsmen.
Sudan, which is located in northeast Africa, is ranked number 190 based on the amount of migrants per thousand people with a total of -4.44 migrants per thousand people. For roughly 12 years (from 2001-2013), Sudan has faced many challenges that push it’s people out of the land and pull them towards other places. These factors are known as push and pull factors. Even though there are many challenges that come with immigration, the results are more rewarding than what they would have been in Sudan. After migrating out of Sudan, these Sudanese migrants also face long-term consequences because of their decision to move.
Reeves, Eric, Massimo Calabresi, Sam Dealey, and Stephan Faris. “The Tragedy of Sudan.” Time. Time Inc, 4 Oct. 2004. Web and Print. 15 April 2014. .
The ‘Lost boys of Sudan' is a common name given to more than 20000 boys of Dinka and Nuer tribal groups. The research narrates the struggle of refugees, the need for conflict resolution and various political concepts. The ‘lost boys' refer to three young boys who fled from their country, Sudan, during the civil war and sought refuge in other countries. Their story depicts violent events that occurred during the second civil war in Sudan. The war mainly affected the Dinka and Nuer ethnic groups of Southern Sudan (Ajak, 2006).
Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1991. Print.
The focus of this paper is Shimma. His tribal home is in Sudan. He is believed to be 21 and has resided as a refugee in the USA since August 2001. He is known as a “Lost Boy of Sudan.”
As the Falolas put it, “In reality, there is no such thing as a nuclear family and an extended family in Sudan because spousal commitments do not take away couples’ responsibilities toward their siblings and their aged parents: this is the basic principle binding almost all cultures in Sudan…” (Falola 121). Sudanese people had simple lifestyles, mainly including agriculture and tending to farm animals, or herding. The main agricultural crops which they produced were cotton, peanuts, grains, sugar cane, and sorghum grasses (Nelson 146).The young Sudanese boys would normally move around a lot, day to day, in modest crowds for cattle herding, retrieving food or water, attending school, or labor responsibilities (UNICEF). While the South’s education was lacking, with hardly any schools or teachers, most of the education systems li...
America started by setting up refugee camps, to relocate the Lost Boys within its own cities and was able to change the lives of thousands of boys who endured war, defeat, hurt and fear all through their childhoods. The significance of America’s involvement is emphasized in each source because it was an essential aid, support and hope for the Lost Boys of Sudan. Without America these lost boys may never have been discovered by the
For over five centuries, the Himba people have breathed the “hot and filmy” air of the Earth’s oldest desert, raising fat, prosperous herds of livestock in a shrewd network of grazing lands, and honoring their ancestors through ancient sacred fires and venerated grave sites (Crandall). Anthropologists suppose “the Himba's [ancestral] firelight has been flickering . . . since the 1600s, when they arrived as part of the great Bantu migrations from the north” (Salopek). Unbeknownst to them, the arid and volatile beauty of Southwestern Africa has provided the Himba the world’s best cultural haven from violent confrontation and influence of foreign power (Salopek). However, this desert haven is no longer a refuge from racial discrimination and environmental destruction: in an ironic twist of history, the Himba are now threatened, not by European colonists, but by their own Independent nation state governments.
An Arab tribal community used to this tradition as its life is intrusively disrupted by outsiders and its ancestral ways and values are dislocated. Like a rock thrown into a calm pond, the foreigners' arrival began to ripple throughout the community as curiosity, anxiety, and suspicion spread among its members.
Simmons, Melinda and Amanda Price. “British Imperialism of Egypt.” British Imperialism of Egypt and the Sudan. 4 March 1998. 29 January 2010. .
The United States Military Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (HOA) is a geographical region that encompasses the countries of Djibouti, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, and neighboring Yemen. Each country in the region houses many culturally unique distinctions to include groups, which comprise the HOA area of operation. Specifically one of these culturally unique groups originates out of Yemen. The country of Yemen, according to a 2004 census, has reached almost 20 million people (UNDP, 2010). Over 45% of the population lives on less than $2.00 U.S. a day (UNDP, 2010). The poverty-stricken people in Yemen have shaped a cultural group that in essence contains the majority of the Country’s population. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the current Yemen culture shaped by the effects of poverty on the people of Yemen. These effects span a wide array of problematic issues predicated on three major topics. The effects of poverty on the people of Yemen include severe health problems spanning a majority of the region, the decay of the Country’s political infrastructure, and the growing support of terrorist organizations in the region. The dilemmas in Yemen did not solely originate internally. Yemen is host to some 91,587 (as of 2007) refugees from Somalia (CIA, 2011). The wake of events perpetuated by the effects of poverty on the people of Yemen, left unchecked, will continue to erode with significant and lasting negative effects on the entire HOA Area of Responsibility (AOR) to include local, regional, and U.S. interests.
South Sudanese independence thus far has been quite detrimental than beneficial to the people of South Sudan. On July 9, 2011, the 54th African state was born. Independence was fought to fight challenges that, as part of Sudan it endured for 56 years; however its current state has brought about challenges from within . This essay will discuss a brief history of Sudan and South Sudan and then analyse President Salva kiir’s speech in contrast to Former Nelson Mandelas’.
In the words of Halima Bashir, “my whole life is one bad luck story” (261). Education is a massive issue in Tears of the Desert. Halima is relentlessly struggling for her right to learn and be treated equally in Sudanese schools. Additionally, Sudan’s education system is far more challenging to succeed in than America’s and is often cut short for most due to personal obstacles. Halima sincerely uses friendships to her advantage and tries to break the silence between the people of Sudan about how tainted the country’s educational system certainly is. One could imply, that Sudan is a corrupt country as a whole.