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the sexualization of advertisements
is subliminal advertising effective
negative impacts of sex in advertising
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Subliminal Perception
Subliminal Perception is a signal or message embedded in another object, designed to pass below the normal limits of perception. These messages are indiscernible by the conscious mind, but allegedly affect the subconscious or deeper mind. Subliminal techniques have occasionally been used in advertising, but the purpose, effectiveness and frequency of such techniques is debated. It is proven though that stimulation below the level of a person’s conscious awareness can be shown to have on some aspects of behavior. Following my research regarding, subliminal perception, I came to the conclusion that it is used in advertising, but I am not sure to what extent.
Companies such as KFC and McDonald’s use subliminal perception embedded with food and money, but the vast majority of subliminal messaging campaigns use “sex” for awareness.
After flipping through a dozen or more magazines, something seemed different about the Harley Davidson advertisement that was in front of me. Although it was not clear to me at first, the word “Sex” became very noticeable to me. I believe that it is a long shot, that this may just be a coincidence. Beginning with the capital S, and going horizontal, lays the subconscious word.
This print advertisement came from Maxim Magazine, and there is an abundance of previous information linking Maxim and Harley Davidson to Subliminal advertising.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning in everyday life is extremely common. In the area of consumer behavior, classical conditioning primarily influences emotional behavior. Classical Conditioning is defined as, a process by which a neutral stimulus becomes capable of eliciting a res...
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... with this advertisement, utilizing a young married couple that is moving into the same household. Further, the ad says, “Into any relationship a little reality must fall, like agreeing on a budget.” This is clearly targeted towards newly married couple’s, which share buyer influence.
Generational Influence
The method of marketing to a specific generation is affecting the way that we market and sell products. Different generations have different consumer characteristics, and this allows marketer’s to target specific segments. There are four common generational categories that marketing focuses on. They include:
• Grey Market, currently 66+ years old
• Boomers, currently 49-66 years old
• GenXers, currently 28-48 years old
• Millennials, currently 7-27 years old
To succeed using generational marketing, a meaningful message must be delivered
The author of this advertisement is all about sexual stereotypes such as blonde hair blue eyes and a very large breast size.
More advertisements than content fill most magazine’s editions. Advertisements may seem like innocent attempts from companies to get people to buy their products; however corporations spend billions of dollars in researching the best way to advertise their product. Dos Equis is one such company. Dos Equis for example, has a current and popular advertisement series which portrays like three friends having a night out on the town. However, as we dive deeper and deconstruct this advertisement we find that this subversive advertisement has some insensitive and subliminal messaging included within its ploy to get the viewer to purchase its product.
We live in a fast paced society that is ruled by mass media. Every day we are bombarded by images of, perfect bodies, beautiful hair, flawless skin, and ageless faces that flash at us like a slide show. These ideas and images are embedded in our minds throughout our lives. Advertisements select audience openly and subliminally, and target them with their product. They allude to the fact that in order to be like the people in this advertisement you must use their product. This is not a new approach, nor is it unique to this generation, but never has it been as widely used as it is today. There is an old saying 'a picture is worth a thousand words,' and what better way to tell someone about a product than with all one thousand words, that all fit on one page. Take for example this ad for Hennessy cognac found in Cosmopolitan, which is a high, priced French liquor. This ad is claiming in more ways than one that Hennessy is an upscale cognac and is 'appropriately complex' as well as high-class liquor. There are numerous subliminal connotations contingent to this statement.
“Selling sex is illegal, but using it to promote economic growth is not.” (Sexualization and Sexploitation of Women in the Media; Rosery Films) What actually happened to our culture, people wondered? Has advertising gone too far? And are we being corrupted by sex? According Sex in advertising: Perspectives on the Erotic Appeal, in 2005, approximately one-fifth of all advertising used overt sexual content to sell its product. Society’s interest with sex and the advertising designer’s acceptance of it as an effective tool have served each other for the course of the twentieth century. And has always been separated on the extents to which sexuality can and should be used to sell. Advertising has become the single largest source of visual imagery in our social society. No matter where we look, we see advertisements trying to sell us things. Provocative advertising has been characterized as a deliberate attempt to gain attention through shock. (De Pelsmacker & Van Den Bergh, 1996) In 2007, The American Psychological Association sent out a press release to the media stressing the harmful effects of sexualizing our youth: “The proliferation of sexualized images of girls and young women in advertising, merchandisin...
We may think of sex as a passionate way of showing one’s life-long partner one’s love, or as a means of satisfying oneself, but in the recent years we have grown accustomed to the idea of casual sex becoming the norm. As a result, the once scandalous sexualized ads of the early and mid-1900s have become so common that Kilbourne claims that these ads contribute to our current rape culture and to the objectification of women and children.
Significant increases in soft drink and popcorn sales are noted after directives to "Drink Coke" and "Eat Popcorn" were subliminally projected onto a movie screen over a six week period. The duration of the messages were so short that they were never consciously perceived. Despite admission of a hoax, the sales of popcorn rose 57.7% and the sales of Coca-Cola reportedly rose 18.1%. (Williamson, 1984)
Throughout history, sex has been used to sell products. In 1871, Pearl Tobacco brand used the image of naked women to sell their product. The exposure of sex in marketing slowly morphed and by the “beginning with World War two, pinup girls were introducing sex into a mainstream advertising” (“Sex as a Marketing Tool”). Twenty-one years after World War II, “Swedish bombshell, Gunilla Knustson, told men to ‘Take it off, Take it all off’ in a commercial for Noxzema shaving cream” (Reichert, “History of Sex…” ). Double entendres, such as “Take it off, Take it all off” sparked interest and started appearing more and more. With the introduction of the television in 1946, sex in marketing was able to enter a new and massive outlet.
...nonsexual appeals. Regarding its effect on the memory, Reid and Soley (1981, 1983) found that ads with decorative female models increased memory for the image in the ad; specifically if the product categories are to a certain extent relevant to the sexual information as perfume, liquor or swimming suits. On the other hand, although those ads have been criticized many times for distracting viewers and preventing them from processing the info, in fact in real life, consumers are exposed to the ads several times and consequently afford learning the information about the brand.
The headline of the ad is “Decisions are easy. When I get into a fork in the road, I eat.” After viewing this ad, the sub thought to every idea, man or woman, is that her cool attitude toward food can be easily duplicated. With this idea, there is a relationship that is formed between sexuality roles and advertisements. From a young age, women are constantly being shaped and guided to the ideal weight of our society, which is being impersonated by women similar to the one in this advertisement. Her sexual stance, thin, short skirt, and her hand placement all show signs of sexual
today's society advertise sex in subtle, yet noticeable ways. I think the media plays a
Winder, Ted. “Subliminal Influence at the Supermarket: Part One." A New Take. N.p., 4 Jan. 2013. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
Subliminal advertisement has been around long before the 21st century. Subliminal messages are said to be “below the threshold of conscious perception” (Credo Reference, 2011). It was first pioneered by Dr. James Vicary, in the 19th century, when he conducted an experiment that subliminally engaged the viewers to “eat popcorn” and “drink Coca-Cola” while in the movie theatre (Broyles, 2006). The experiment attempted to prove that subliminal messages are a technique that is effective. In his studies, Vicary reported that the experiment was successful. His data showed that the experiment “increased soda sales at the theater by 18 percent and popcorn by 58 percent.” These results are truly an impressive increase but they were fab...
Children’s exposure to subliminal messages occurs daily and throughout their life. The media conditions and manipulates the developing mind. Without the parents’ permission or even their knowledge, the media makes lifestyle decisions for our children. Advertising Moguls, without regard for our childre...
Americans today are living in “the most marketed-to culture in the history of the world” (Ramsey). In light of that fact, people need to become more aware of the techniques of advertising so they can be careful to not get sucked into buying things they really do not want or need. A simple understanding of these concepts can help keep a person from regretting their purchases.
Reporter, Daily Mail. "Sex DOES Sell... and Here's Why: Attractive Men and Women in Adverts Affect Our Capacity for Rational Thought." Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, n.d. Web. 22 Sep. 2012.