Introduction These days, environmental attention improved due to climatic change and loss of water resources. In comparison to other nations in the Middle East, Lebanon has a relatively optimistic position regarding water sources, but it is expected that Lebanon will also face a water lack within the next 10-15 years. Therefore, the enhancement in the control of water source is basically essential. A water source control plan is still missing, and there is no extensive environmental law obtaining the security of water sources. Due to these circumstances, a water demand analysis including fire demand was carried out for the current time and for the next 30 years. A - Study site and collected data: 1)Barsa General Description: “Barsa” the name of the Lebanese town is derived from the Aramaic language and this name means “the irrigation place”. Barsa's ancient vestiges include sarcophagi & sculpted stones, whereas the modern vestiges include the remains of the Mustapha Barbar Agha Citadel, built over the ruins of an older citadel. This town is recognized by the green fields and olives & oversees El Mina bay and the mountains of Ehden and Bcharré. This region is also bordered by important areas of North Lebanon such as Tripoli, Zgharta, Chekka. Barsa has a landscape that is well-known for its beautiful views of the snow-topped mountains and the sea. In addition Barsa faces serious problems in defending its environment due to the disorganization of the acts of drilling wells and the lack of drainage systems and wastewater treatment. Regardless that this is a small town, Barsa embraces an essential educational institution that became more than known in Lebanon and worldwide which is the Notre Dame University (North Cam... ... middle of paper ... ...tion = 2x2,000 L/day/station=4,000 L/day Shopping stores = 150x150 L/day/store=22,500 L/day Total Consumption: After determining the intake of each aspect we summed all the consumption as follows. (2,364,040+274,500+62,320+35,000+4,000+22,500+10906) =2,773,266 L/day = 2,774 m3/d Conclusion This town like any other small town has a certain demand of water throughout the year. Water is a need that cannot be ignored .This town has a supply of water that comes from a tank but this tank does not fit to the current and projected demand. Therefore a tank needs to be designed and implemented in order to satisfy the increasing demand of the town. Water is not simply a resource, it is a life source. We all share the obligation to guarantee a healthy, secure and sustainable water supply for our communities, environment, economy and our quality of life depends on it.
Water shortage in arid and semi-arid regions and declining its availability to a crisis ...
"Stop SUEZ! Water for People and the Planet, Not for Profit!." World Prout Assembly. 2005. Proutist Universal. 7 May 2009.
Ahmed N. Bdour. “Perspectives on a Strategic Jordanian Water Project: The Red Sea to Dead Sea Water Conveyance Construction.” Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 3 (1): 121-126(2012). Print.
why it is called the Great Pyramid of GIZA. It is near the west bank
Despite the abundance of water resources, the government at all levels (federal, state and local) have been unable to successfully harness these water resources to ensure sustainable and equitable access to adequate, safe, and affordable water and sanitation for its population. This is an example of economic water scarcity as the region has adequate water resources to cope with demands yet due to lack of infrastructure created by the government, there is an inadequate supply of freshwater for the population and this causes many problems such as disease due to lack of sanitation, poverty and
In conclusion, the water shortage will serve as a defining factor for the Middle East. This issue has no easy solution and requires collaboration between countries that have proven to be antagonists. Water deficiencies in the Middle East are a very relevant and valuable issue because it is going to occur in the nearby future. Also, the issue lacks the professional attention. “Without fundamental changes in policies and practices, the situation will get worse in the Arab world, with drastic social, political and economic ramifications.10 For reasons stated throughout the essay, changes in our water intake must soon have a dramatic readjustment in order to eliminate the potential water shortage that will have a vast effect on the Middle East.
Due to geography and population growth, the Middle East nations are faced with a growing demand for a shrinking water supply. Throughout most of the Middle East region rainfall is irregular and the rainy season is very short. The World Bank reports that this area (including North Africa) has 5% of the world’s population, but only 1% of the world’s water. Droughts have been occurring more frequently and lasting longer, warning of a bleaker future.
California is a large state with an increasing population, which results to increased use of resources, especially water for human consumption, industrial uses and irrigation. However, water has become a scarce resource in California with poor communities suffering the most from the shortage. Therefore, through public policy the state government sought a solution to the issue. As a result, it led to the adoption of the recycled water policy on 3 February 2009 (Martineau, 2013). The policy aims at providing reliable and clean water supply for the state. In addition, the policy conserves the availability of fresh water sources by reducing consumption of potable water. The policy has three goals. The first goal is to increase the use of storm water by at most 500,000 acre-feet by 2020 and one million acre-feet by 2030 (Heineman et al., 2001). Secondly, it is to increase recycled water over by at least one million acre-feet by 2020 two million acre-feet by 2030. Thirdly, by 2020, it aims at increasing water conservation by 20%, especially for industrial and urban uses (Heineman et al., 2001). The methodology utilized for execution and approval of this policy was systematic. Initially, the state consulted experts in diverse areas such as water conservation experts, financial experts and other relevant players. It is important because it assisted in drafting the guidelines and rules in the policy. Furthermore, the analysis of the current problem will occur at this point. The second step was conducting a referendum where the public will pass the policy in order for the state to legalize it. During this stage, there will be an evaluation regarding the costs of the problem. The final phase is to authorize a perti...
UNDP, 2006. Human Development Report: Coping with water scarcity. Challenge of the twenty-first century., s.l.: UN-Water, FAO, 2007.
Lying within the borders of modern day Iraq, with some parts in Syria and Turkey, Mesopotamia – means “The Land between the Rivers”, refers to the Tigris and Euphrates. The ancient Greek words “mesos” meaning between and “potamos” meaning river and the suffix “ia” for a place. The two rivers also named by the Greeks, were known to the Mesopotamians as Idiglat and Buranum.
In Mesopotamia, about two thousand years ago, two civilizations began to thrive. Both cultures were very old and prospered long before the bible was written, as well as before the Greeks and Romans flourished. One that emerged was the civilization of Babylonia, in the southern part near the Persian Gulf (Giokaris, Amalia). It was there that an impressive City began to grow. The ancient city of Babylon was a walled city, with networks of canals. To go along with this architecture, there were green crops surrounding the city. In the middle of the square was a giant 300 foot high ziggurat, filled with plants and sculptures. People lived inside the wall that surrounded the city, where they had lavish sized homes. Even the lowest class had typically three levels of living space. Traders filled the streets with fresh fruit, baked b...
First of all, one climate’s change is due to the drying of the marshes in Iraq. The marshes is a wetland area located in southern Iraq. Today, less than 10% of the original marsh remains. While some of the marsh declines can be traced to dams built upstream in Turkey, Syria and Iran, the decline accelerated dramatically in the early 1990s.Due to a massive drainage project. Lately, the past government shut all of the dams on the waterways, bringing on desertification of the area. There is an absence of Horticulture and Fisheries in the Iraq district. For this situation, the administration must open the dams to water all the area and dispose of desertification.
The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development. 70% of this demand derives from agriculture which shows the influence of water on food supply globally as well not just drinking water (Sawin “Water Scarcity could overwhelm the Next Generation”). But increasing water use is not just a matter of the greater number of people needing it to drink and eat; it also comes from pollution and misuse of water supplies, by either dumping or runoff of bacteria or chemicals into water. This also “causes other pollutions as well such as soil and air pollution, accelerating wetland damage and human caused global warming” (Smith and Thomassey 25). According to UN report, recent estimates suggest that climate change will account for about 20 percent of the increase in global water scarcity in coming decades.
People don’t appreciated the many advantages that comes with having clean potable water to use, taking it for granted. A lot of clean useful water is wasted by humans all the time that people don’t care about saving water because they have easy access to it. Clean and safe drinkable water resources are getting scarce as the population grows. The world is facing many problems, but the most important needed to survive, is water. Water is getting low in many countries, therefore habitants are suffering the misfortune of not having the reliable source of clean water. Today many countries are having water shortages; meaning rivers, lakes, streams and groundwater are not enough to rely on for supplying water demands. For example, California is facing a drastic water shortage, the natural water resources are not enough to fulfill their water demands. Water shortage affects the agricultural sector, so as a consequence the price for production
There is a global shortage of drinking water. A person might wonder how this can be if seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. Most of the Earth’s water is unsuitable for human consuption. Ocean water is salt water, which makes up 97.5% of all water on the planet. Freshwater is only 3.5% of all the water on Earth. Drinking water is sourced from bodies of freshwater.