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Key differences between Qualitative and Quantitative research
Key differences between Qualitative and Quantitative research
Contrast between quantitative and qualitative research
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This essay intends to compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the quantitative and qualitative approaches to research which addresses young people and bullying using two journal articles. The first article (quantitative) aims to “establish the relationship between recurrent peer victimisation and the onset of reported symptoms of anxiety or depression in the early teen years” (Bond et al. 2001, p. 480) while the second article (qualitative) aims to “investigate the nature of teenage girls’ indirect aggression” (Owens et al. 2000, p. 70).The two articles will be critically compared in terms of research design, methods used, approach to data analysis, reported results and the plausibility and appropriateness of the conclusions and recommendations posed. The aim of this essay is thus to evaluate and assess the methods of social science research currently undertaken in published research. The research design provides a “framework for the collection and analysis of data” (Bryman 2008, p. 31) and thus will dictate how the research evidence is generated. The cohort research design employed within the quantitative analysis of young people and bullying falls within the wider umbrella of longitudinal designs. Within social scientific research the longitudinal approach consists usually of a self completion questionnaire or structured interview within a concurrently cross-sectional design (Bryman 2008, p. 49). These studies are generally concerned with illustrating social change and improving the understanding of causal influence overtime. However, in establishing causality there is considerable ambiguity about the direction of causal influence the cohort design through its potential ability to identify an independent variab... ... middle of paper ... ...323, pp. 480-484. Bryman, A., 2008, Social Research Methods, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, New York. Corner, J., 1991, ‘In search of more complete answers to research questions. Quantitative versus qualitative research methods: is there a way forward?’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 718-727. Creswell, J., 2003, A framework for design, 2nd ed., Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, pp. 3-26. Liamputtong, P. & Ezzy, D., 2005, Qualitative research methods, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 12-31. Owens, L., Shute, R. & Slee, P., 2000, ‘“Guess what I just heard”: Indirect Aggression among Teenage Girls in Australia’, Aggressive Behaviour, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 67-83. Sofaer, S., 2002, ‘Qualitative research methods’ International Journal for Quality in Health Care, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 329-336.
Nursing research has been a part of the nursing profession for many years, consisting of both qualitative and quantitative research. It is essential in guiding nursing practice. Many nurses have a baseline understanding of research in general, but when conducting research it is important also to understand personal values and beliefs to guide the type of research to conduct. Understanding the differences between epistemology, methodology, and methods, will assist in this choice to conduct a valid research project.
How to explore the different ways of differentiating evidence-based nursing practice and the usefulness of the process for providing the practices in the framework of evidence-based practice and nursing research studies. The most surprising information in this first five weeks is learning how to assess the theoretical- abstract components, designs in quantitative research, various methods for data collection in quantitative studies, PICO of nursing research studies and its meaning: patient, intervention, comparison and outcome. (Polit & Beck, 2014)
Qualitative research is an approach that attempts to situate an activity that locates the observer in the world by providing the study to occur in their natural setting and by attempting to make sense of, or interpret information (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005). A characteristic of qualitative research is to use a variety of empirical materials such as personal experience, interviews, and questionnaires. It is imperative to understand the task at hand and how to fully carry out the study when using a qualitative research approach in order to find out the information needed. One view of qualitative research is it involves examining individual’s experiences and documenting those experiences in detail (Jones, 2011). By documenting these observations the researcher is ensuring validity in his or her data and giving the correct creditability to those who participated in the study.
Hoskins, C. N. (1998). Developing research in nursing and health: Quantitative and qualitative methods. New York: Springer Pub. Co.
There are a number of risk factors that may be signs of a potentially at-risk youth. Bullying victims, whether it is...
I have chosen to use nursing framework because Quantitative and Qualitative studies are different approaches to research and therefore need to be approach different with regard to critiquing' Frances Ryan et al (2007) However, there has been considerable debate concerning whether qualitative and quantitative research can be assessed using the same criteria May & Pope (2000).
Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (2013). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley & Sons.
Ryan, F., Couglan, M. & Cronin, P. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 2: qualitative research. British Journal of Nursing, 16(12), 738-744.
Creswell, J.W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
In a CNN study by Chuck Hadad he states “That bullying is pervasive even though the schools have anti-bullying programs from kindergarten through 12th grade, assemblies throughout the year, and a peer-to-peer program where older students talk to younger students about the dangers of bullying” (Hadad). Robert Faris, a sociologist found that bullies and victims are generally the same person. Whe...
Victims of bullying will eventually show the effects of bullying by being passive or secluding themselves from other individuals. The background or culture of a victim will most likely determine how they progress or react in a bullying experience. A victim may retaliate to the bully's attacks depending on the level of aggressiveness used. Parenting affects the decisions made by both victims and bullies in the peer interactions. Intervention approaches to this social vice will include changing the victims’ opinions about themselves through encouragement and teaching them how to effectively respond to attackers...
Bullying can also be considered as a major problem in the teenager bracket. This can occur in any social environment not just schools as mostly portrayed. Bullyi...
A category of strategies to prevent bullying in schools is identifying the causes of bullying. One factor that may cause bullying is the students’s family life. The lack of love or approval and involvement from the parents or overly permissive parenting where there is a lack of supervision or no rules may initiate bullying as the child may feel insecure. Another factor that may cause bullying is peer pressure. Friends who are aggressive and hav...
Qualitative research utilizes different theoretical assumptions, such as approaches of inquiry, techniques of data collection, and analysis and understanding (Kakulu, 2014). A qualitative approach gives emphasis to the qualities of entities, processes and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of quantity, amount, intensity or frequency (Denzin 2010). Therefore, (Denzin, 2010) described qualitative research the definitions, characteristics, meanings, concepts, metaphors, symbols, and description of things. The research questions often stress how social experience is created and given meaning. This type of inquiry stresses the relationship between the researcher and the participants,
This method allowed the researcher to be more flexible in the ability to collect more information from the participants. Semi- structured interviews permit scope for individuals to answer questions more on their own terms than the standardized interview permits, yet still provides a good structure for comparability over that of the focused interview(May 1997). Individual in-depth interviews are widely used by health care researchers to co-create meaning with interviewees by reconstructing perceptions of events and experiences related to health and health care delivery(DiCicco-Bloom & Crabtree 2006). Semi-structured interviews with a series of questions were used during the study. According to(Yin 2003), the researcher in a qualitative research serves as an instrument for providing the measurement for data analysis such as providing the interview questions. Each interviewee was asked the similar set of questions. The interviewer also has some freedom to probe and explore additional questions in response to what are seen as significant replies(Bryman