According to Smith (1988), an author of a specialist dictionary on tourism, the word ‘tourist’ was introduced in 1800 and the word ‘tourism’ in 1811. However, what exactly is ‘tourism’? Who are ‘tourists’? Researchers and practitioners have produced many definitions for both ‘tourist’ and ‘tourism’ but no definition of either term has become extensively recognised regardless of the fact that both terms have now been part of the English language for over two centuries. As indicated by Smith (1988), he suggests that there “probably never will be a single definition of tourism” or tourists as economists, psychologists and geographers perceive different things about tourism in their own professional field (Smith 1988 as cited in Leiper 1995:3). However, any approach to defining both terms is highly constructive as it gives us more knowledge and understandings of each term. In this essay, the different concepts of tourism are defined by academic authors such as Krapf and Hunziker (1942), McIntosh and Goeldner (1977) and Stear (2005). After discussing ‘tourism’, the focus then shifts to ‘tourists’ where again, Stear (2005), Leiper (1979) and Weaver and Lawton (2006), defines ‘tourists’ whilst illustrating how each definition is different from one another.
One of the first attempts to define tourism was that of two Swiss academics, Professors Hunziker and Krapf of Berne University. They defined tourism in a 1942 study as a complex of environmental impacts: “the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity.” This definition has been acknowledged by many international associations including the...
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...ry’ in Annals of Tourism Research Oct/Dec ’79, School of Business and Administrative Studies, Sydney Technical College, Australia. pp 390 – 407.
Leiper, N., (1995), ‘Tourism Management’ Tafe Publications, Collingwood, Victoria.
Reindrawati, D. Y., (unknown date published), ‘The Difficult but Interesting Problems of Clearly Conceptualising Tourism and the Tourism Industry, and Differentiating the Two’, Dosen Program Studi DIII Pariwisata FISIP Unair, Surabaya.
Smith, S. L. J., (1995), ‘Tourism Analysis – A Handbook’ 2nd Edition, Longman Group Limited, Malaysia.
Stear, L. and Wixon, D., (2007), ‘Some heuristic definitions for studying highly industrialised tourism systems’, Unpublished monograph, School of Leisure Sport and Tourism, University of Technology, Sydney.
Weaver, D. and Lawton, L. (2010), ‘Tourism Management’ 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Australia.
Urry, John, The tourist gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies 2nd Ed (London, 2002).
by Gordon Waitt. University of Wollongong, Australia. Tourism management Articles Vol. 17 No. 2. Pg.
Various definitions of tourism exist. Tourism is defined by Macmillan Online Dictionary as the business of providing services for those people travelling for holidays. Tourism has experienced continued growth over the years and diversification and has become one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world. For countries like Australia, it has become one of the major contributing sectors in the economy generating large proportions of the national income and at the same time increase employment opportunities. The future is still bright for the industry in the country with possible future growth in expansion and diversification. The industry however has both the pros and cons impacts to various ranges of environments (Tourism Research Australia).
The editor, Clement A Tisdell, is from the University of Queensland, Australia and focuses on tourism economics. The information from the handbook is well trusted with every fact or claim having its own individual citation for verification and further studies. This source surprisingly, had more information on the background and current state of the cruise industry than it did about economics of it all. The article does provide valuable data when it comes to the increasing trends of the industry which could then be related to the outcomes of the also increasing economic
The Management of Tourism at Hengistbury Head Introduction = == == == ==
Queensland tourism has identified key trends that may shape future tourism, including extreme events, technological development and tourism demand. Consequently, this allows the State to put forward an adequate plan focusing on the domestic market and increasing digital experience through technological advancements. Nevertheless, Queensland tourism’s strategies to capture Asian market and developing transport systems, especially air transport, may not be effective in the light of political unrest, thus, need a number of adjustments accordingly. Appendix 3 provides a detailed comparison between S1 and Destination Success plan.
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
Stabler, M.J. Papatheodorou, A. Sinclair, M.T. (2010). The economics of tourism 2nd edition. New York: Routledge.
When speaking of the beginnings of tourism, its etymology of the English language "tourism" is established and that the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language defines it as: "activity or fact of traveling for pleasure", that is to say that it is a fact or socio- Directly impacts the economy where the person or group of people move to recreate.
Tourism is often associated with traveling to places away from home. Tourism has a big impact on the economic growth of some countries, which define the shape of their cities by producing different sectors like historic districts, convention centers, museums, malls, hotels, restaurants, and the list can be endless. Furthermore, tourism elements have been developed by cities for a variety of reasons including: situating themselves in the world by drawing a positive image and attracting visitors and for their money.
There is not really a universally accepted definition of tourism. In 1994 the World Tourism Organization (WTO) revised its definition. It says the tourism comprises of 'the activities of persons travelli...
1.2 Problem Formulation In the problem formulation part of my report I would describe the overall situation of the U.K Tourism industry. The service concept of “Simply Travel” will give us information about the services provided by the company. I will find out about the customers, competitors of the company. I will find out what political, economical, social and technological factors affecting the company and its demand situation.
Vael, A.J. (2010), Research Methods for Leisure and tourism, A Practical Guide, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall.
Is tourism an industry and if not, what is it and how can it be defined? To answer these questions we need to find the definition of industry first. An industry is a group of firms producing products and/or services that are close substitutes for each other(……). To be considered as an industry, it must meet three factors -- individual businesses, revenues of those businesses, and a common product. Now let’s see what tourism is. However, there is no single definition, that is to say no agreement on what tourism should be. There are some reasons: tourism includes a number of diverse sectors (e.g. transport, accommodation, attractions, other services); tourism includes a number of academic subjects -- some argue that as a subject tourism is conceptually weak; difficult to establish strict boundaries around tourism both as a business and as an area of academic study; weak data sources which make comparisons between countries difficult.
Based on McIntosh and friends (1995) tourism is a phenomenon and relationship that exists due to interaction between tourist, businessman, government and community as the host in process attract tourist and foreign tourism. Indirectly, this definition clarified tourism is visit or travel to another place within yesterday, aimed amused, rested, traded and so on. In fact, there are four key that related in