TESTABLE QUESTIONS:
How can you tell if an object is charged? How can you tell if an object is positively or negatively charged? How can you tell if an electroscope is positively or negatively charged?
HYPOTHESIS:
If you bring an object close to the knob of the electroscope and the two leaves of the electroscope move apart, your object is charged. If you bring an object close to the knob of the electroscope and nothing happens to the leaves of the electroscope, your object is not charged or is currently neutral.
The electroscope itself will be neutral. When you bring a charged object close, the electrons will start to move around and change their positions. If a positively charged object is brought close to the knob of the electroscope, the electrons would want to be close to it and since positives and negatives attract each other, and will move to the top (knob) of the electroscope. This will leave a positive charge in the leaves of the electroscope. Since like charges repel, the two leaves will move apart. If the object is negatively charged, the electrons will move away from the object near the knob of the electroscope and will move to the leaves of the electroscope. The leaves are left with a negative charge, and so the leaves will repel and move apart.
You can tell if an object is positively or negatively charged by looking at a Triboelectric Series Chart. It shows that if you rub an object from the top of the chart with an object from the bottom of the chart, the object from the top will lose its electrons to the object from the bottom of the chart. The object from the bottom of the chart will become negatively charged and the object from the top of the chart will become positively charged. The objects in the bottom ...
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... separate them from the gas, purifying the air. These plates are carefully cleaned so that they can be used again properly.
Electrostatics also provides certain jobs. There is a need for workers to work electrostatic precipitators. Also electrostatic painters provide jobs for many people. There are many associations that focus on electrostatics and technology.
Static Electricity can be extremely dangerous, but extremely helpful at the same time.
Works Cited
.www.ducksters.com/science/static_electricity.php
(www.ducksters.com)
.www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html
(www.sciencemadesimple.com)
.www.enchantedlearning.com/physics/staticelectricity.shtml
(www.enchantedlearning.com)
.www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_structure.html
(www.chem4kids.com)
.www.education.jlab.org/atomtour/listofparticles.html
(www.education.jlab.org)
(Jefferson Lab)
Physicist in the 1900 first started to consider the structure of atoms. The recent discovery of J. J. Thomson of the negatively charged electron implied that a neutral atom must also contain an opposite positive charge. In 1903 Thomson had suggested that the atom was a sphere of uniform positive electrification , with electrons scattered across it like plum in an pudding. (Later known as the Plum Pudding Model)
...the mass spectrometer. This is called an electron impact source. Gases and volatile liquid samples are allowed to leak into the ion source from a reservoir. Non-volatile solids and liquids may be introduced directly. Cations formed by the electron bombardment (red dots) are pushed away by a charged repeller plate (anions are attracted to it), and accelerated toward other electrodes, having slits through which the ions pass as a beam. Some of these ions fragment into smaller cations and neutral fragments. A perpendicular magnetic field deflects the ion beam in an arc whose radius is inversely proportional to the mass of each ion. Lighter ions are deflected more than heavier ions. By varying the strength of the magnetic field, ions of different mass can be focused progressively on a detector fixed at the end of a curved tube. Because the mass of each individual ion
An ion is a “electrically charged atom or groups of atoms”. (works, 2009)Referring to positively and negatively charged atoms that are used to form an ion. A document discusses how in order for an atom to become an negative ion it has to receive/gain electrons. However for a atom to become a positive ion it has to lose electrons. Another name for a negative ion is anion and another name for a positive ion is cation. This is also known as the Ionization process. Ionization in general can take place in an liquid, solid, and/or gases. Ions are also known to form when a dissociation is occurred. When this particular process begins to occur oppositely charged ions begin to dissolve for example in water or another form of solvent. These are known as electrolytes When a These terms are important to know because the experiment deals with an ion space system. Including but not limiting to acids, bases, and salts. These are often a good conductor for electricity which is why they are typically used for these space engines. (works, 2009). It is important to understand the ion and how it is formed and why it reacts because it is used in our experiment. Which would help to better understand what everything is talking about. Especially since the ...
There are three main parts of an atom the electrons, protons and the neutrons. Each part has charge. It is rather positive, negative, or neutral. An electron always has a negative charge. Protons always have negative charges. Then finally the neutron is a neutral charge or a charge of zero. If the charge of the whole atom it zero that means there are an equal number of positive and negative pieces. An electron can be found anywhere around the nucleus, and the protons and neutrons are in the nucleus. You can not pin point were the electrons are but the area that it can be in is called a shell.
Measured the charge of an electron. The charge of one electron is known as the elementary charge.
Do you ever wonder about what happens with electricity? In the article “Energy Story” written it tells you about atoms and what things need to have to be that type of object. In the article “Conducting Solutions” by Rodney Schreiner tells you about solutions and the reactions to them with electricity. In the video clip “Hands-on Science with Squishy Circuits” by AnnMarie Thomas it tells you about how simple play dough can hold electricity.
To understand how this electricity works we must start with the basics. The atom is the smallest unit of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge. Electric charges that are the same repel each other and charges that are different attract each other. Electric charges can exist alone, unlike magnetic poles.
Electromagnetism has a history that dates back over 200 years. The year 1700 was the first demonstration of an electromagnet, yet scientists didn't know much about electromagnetism (Bellis 1). In 1820, scientists had just started to get deep into electromagnets, Hans Oersted discovered that a conductor carrying an electric current was surrounded by a magnetic field (Bellis 2). Hans Oersted discovered this because his compass reacted to a battery when he connected them using wires. That is a big breakthrough because they can now make hypotheses about why the wire with current makes a magnetic field to rearrange the compass direction. In 1873, James Maxwell observed the interaction between positive and negative electrical charges (Brian, Looper 2000). Ben Franklin was the person to figure out that there is a positive and negative charge (Bellis 1). Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Without magnetism, electricity couldn't exist, without electricity, magnetism couldn't exist.
There are many kinds of batteries which consist of different materials in order to produce an electric charge. Here are some of the most common batteries, what they consist of and how they work.
When introduced into an ionic solution, positively charged ions will be electrostatically attracted to the anode and the negatively charged ions will be electrostatically attracted to the cathode. This act of moving ions means that charges are able to move from anode to the cathode and complete the circuit. These moving ions are essentially the same as moving electrons (electricity). This process of putting electrodes into a solution, using a direct electric current (D.C.), and separating chemicals based on their charge is known as electrolysis
Michael Faraday was the man behind the discovery of electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction is the creation of an electric current by using a magnetic field. Faraday’s first experiment was set up by coiling to separate lengths of copper wire around a wooden block. The two coils had to be separated he did this with thread. One of the coils was connected to a galvanometer (an instrument used to detect small electrical currents), while the second coil was connected to a battery and switch. As Faraday closed the switch there was a small and brief change in the reading on the galvanometer. What this meant was that Faraday had seen a little and concise current that passed through the galvanometer circuit. Faraday observed the same affect in the galvanometer circuit when the battery circuit was turned off, except the change was in the opposite direction or negative of the first reading of the galvanometer.
The electroscope can be charged by conduction, also known as contact. Through the process of conduction, a rod is charged and touches the tip of the electroscope. The rod can be rubbed around the tip of the electroscope. The rod is then removed, and we touch the tip with one of our fingers to observe the behavior of the leaves. When a charged rod touches a neutral electroscope, the electroscope would have the same charge as the rod. Electrons are shared between the rod and the electroscope. In a neutral electroscope, there is an equal amount of electrons and protons. When the electroscope comes in contact with a negatively charged rod, the electroscope will gain electrons, gaining a net negative charge. When the electroscope comes in contact with a positively-charged rod, the electroscope loses electrons, gaining a net positive charge. The electroscope can be charged by induction as well. We charged the electroscope by induction by charging a rod and bringing it near the tip of the electroscope, touching the tip with one of our fingers while holding the charged rod next to the tip, and removing the rod. Since the rod does not touch the electroscope, polarization occurs. Our bodies can give and take electrons according to what the system needs. As we approach the electroscope with a positively charged rod, the system polarizes. The electrons rush to the tip of the electroscope, so that the top is negatively charged and the bottom is positively charged. The electrons are held in place by the charging rod, and our bodies give electrons to neutralize the leaves. When we remove the rod, we are left with a negative charge even though the rod was initially positively charged, because the rod and the charged electroscope are of opposite charges in induction. Compared to the charge on the charging body, the charge on an electroscope in the case of conduction is the same as the charge of the charging body. Compared to the charge on the charging body, the charge on an
Now, just like lightning, charges have a tendency to try to make their way to the earth if they can. This is why if you have a conducting material and connect it to the earth with a wire or something, it is said to be grounded. Grounding is a good thing to do with circuits because if there is too much charge going through a circuit, you don't want it to stay in the circuit and fry everything, grounding a circuit is generally safe. To finish off the idea of the very basic circuit, we know that it allows a charge to build up and move through it, now we need to know that the circuit must be complete. The ending picture of the circuit must make a complete loop so that those charges that like to move have somewhere to allways go. What happens if you hook a wire from one end of a battery to nothing else.....NOTHING. The circuit is not completed therefore the charges can't move off the end of the wire and continue to go.
Most objects are made of matter with equal amounts of positive and negative charge. Objects with the same # of positive and negative charges are electrically balanced, or neutral. Electric force is observed only when the balance of charge on objects is disturbed.
Voltage is the amount of electric potential, expressed in volts, between two points in a circuit. Usually one of these points is ground (zero volts) but not always. Voltages can also be measured from peak-to-peak - from the maximum point of a signal to its minimum point. You must be careful to specify which voltage you mean. The oscilloscope is primarily a voltage-measuring device. Once you have measured the voltage, other quantities are just a calculation away.