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introduction of the conflict in south sudan
introduction of the conflict in south sudan
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South Sudan
South Sudan has only been independent since 2011, yet it is on the brink of collapse. Why is this happening? The country has abundant resources (Sarwar 177; Ploch 16) and has gained independence after decades of conflict (Sarwar 172-174). To begin to understand the situation, the original history of Sudan must be examined (Zambakari 516; Jok 69). Its place in the African continental history is important as well because most of the continent developed under colonialism. The independence of South Sudan on July 9, 2011, created a nation immediately at risk due to colonial history, diverse populations in opposition, and fragile infrastructure. (Working thesis statement) To succeed, South Sudan has to overcome its history of colonialism and armed conflict and proceed on a legal foundation or it is doomed for failure. The nation must provide a secure state. It should use its abundant resources to build infrastructure and adhere to sound policies to provide stability. (Working counterargument) South Sudan’s Independence Day is not yet a date to celebrate. The country’s outlook is bleak as it is considered a pre-failed nation due to its history and leadership. It is fulfilling the most negative predictions nearing its third anniversary.
Sudan & South Sudan
Almost the entire continent of Africa was colonized beginning in 1880 by European countries seeking resources and wealth during the “Scramble for Africa”. The General Act of the Berlin Conference on West Africa, in 1885, formalized the boundaries of all of Africa. The lines that were drawn had nothing to do with actual indigenous settlements. National interests and gerrymandering prevailed. Motivated by the industrial revolution, capitalism, military advancement, and t...
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...tch, Inc., 6 Mar. 2014. Web. reliefweb. "South Sudan Crisis Situation Report No. 30 (as of 3 April 2014)." OCHA, 3 Apr. 2014. Web.
Sarwar, Nadia. "Post-independence South Sudan: An Era of Hope and Challenges." Strategic Studies 32.2-3 (2012): 172-82. Web.
UN Cartographic Section. "Political Map of the Republic of the Sudan." One World Nations Online, 2014. Web.
United Nations. "Map No. 4450 Rev. 1 United Nations October 2011." South Sudan. N.p., n.d. Web.
United Nations. "UNMISS Facts and Figures - United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan." UN News Center, 2014. Web.
Warner, Lesley A. “Force Reduction Key to South Sudan’s Military Transformation.”
World Politics Review. 5 Nov. 2012. Web.
Zambakari, Christopher. "South Sudan: Institutional Legacy of Colonialism and the Making of a
New State." Journal of North African Studies 17.3 (2012): 515-32. Web.
Reeves, Eric, Massimo Calabresi, Sam Dealey, and Stephan Faris. “The Tragedy of Sudan.” Time. Time Inc, 4 Oct. 2004. Web and Print. 15 April 2014. .
As of February 2003 more than four-hundred thousand Darfuri citizens have been found slaughtered on the side of the streets of their home town. Prior to 2003, Darfur, Sudan has a population of six million people. In 2003, two rebel groups came to the conclusion of the government’s neglect in decision to rise against the government of Sudan. As a result, the Sudanese government unleashed the forces of Arab militias (also known as the Janjaweed). With blood on their hands, the Janjaweed have been the accused for the misplacing of many villages and people. As the war seems to expand, the Sudanese government seems to oppose any association with the Janjaweed. In spite of continuing a limited amount of humanitarian aid, many are still in contact with dreadful food shortages and disease. The U.N. (United Nations) has ventured in sending humanitarian aid repeatedly, but the Janjaweed have reused all help. Despite the ignorance of the Janjaweed, the U.N. is in the process of securing the comfort of all Darfur citizens, and not only for the foreigners, but for the road that lies ahead of Sudan as well (Reeves).
After the withdraw of Egypt and Britain, Sudan has been run by a number rickety / unstable government groups and milit...
"Sudan Backgrounder | United to End Genocide." United to End Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2014.
Ensor, Marisa O. Child Soldiers and Youth Citizens in South Sudan’s Armed Conflict. 2012. 282, E-book.
The Sudan genocide, a civil war that was started in the early 1980s when drought, famine and the spread of un-arable land caused traditional African herders and Darfur citizens to argue over land. For the next 22 years relationships worsened between the Arab and non-Arab tribes. The Western region of Sudan: Darfur was thrown into civil war by its own government and two rbel armies in an uprising that should have been seen coming for a long time. This essay will elaberate on the events that occurred in Sudan over the past twenty two years and to what extent the mass killings that occurred can be defined as Genocide. The insurgeny began in Febuary 2003; goning virtually uunnoticed by the international community and shadowed by the ongoing war in Irac. The Sudan governent has been blamed for virtually every event during the past 22 years of civil unrest that has led up to the mass killing of hundreds and thousands of civilians. The many different ethinic groups in Sudan were constantly arguing and fighting over any and all issues and problems that could be brought upon to their attention; this led to growing tension. The mass killings in Sudan could be classified as ethnic cleansing; a term used to describe the killing of an ethnic group of people because their role in that society is unjustified or they are invading on terriotory that they are not welcome on.
Throughout Northern and Central Africa ethnic fighting and mass genocide has run rampant. Clashes between, diverse ethnic and cultural people has caused instability, these mass humanitarian disasters that can no longer be ignored. With the help of other nations South Sudan can go from another mass genocide waiting to happen, to a region supplier of much needed resources, with the help of other nations. In the 1990’s Rwanda genocide was basically ignored by the United States government and because of this hundreds of thousands were either killed or injured in the area. In the early 2000’s the war in Darfur, created a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. Again thousands of Africans were killed and the United States government and the American people ignored genocide.
South Sudan is the newest country in the world, the fifty-fourth country in Africa, and the newest country to join the United-Nations. South Sudan is a landlocked country and is located in Eastern-Africa. South Sudan is filled with plains in the north and center parts of the country. Within South Sudan lays the White Nile, a major tributary of the Nile River, which is the longest river in the world spreading four thousand two hundred fifty eight miles long. South Sudan is bordered by six countries: Central African Republic, Kenya, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Sudan.
Natsios, A. S. (2012). Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford:
Tadesse, Debay. Post-independence South Sudan: the challenges ahead. ISPI-ISTITUTO PER GU STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE. February 2012.no.46.
...n 1999, Bashir suspended Turabi’s position and the country became less Islamic. On October 16, 1993, Bashir overthrew the Relief and Rehabilitation Commission in a coup and established himself as president. He won reelection in 2000 and again in 2010. In 2005, Bashir gave the south limited autonomy for six years. After the autonomy expired, the country would take a vote on South Sudan becoming independent. This decision ended the Second Sudanese Civil War in 2006, which killed over twenty million people and lasted over thirty years, however fighting between Sudan and South Sudan still happened at the borders. Oil from South Sudan was shared equally until South Sudan's independence to which South Sudan gained all of the profit off of the oil. However, since all of the refineries were located in Sudan, South Sudan had to pay a fee if they want to produce oil.
Since its independence from the United Kingdom and Egypt, the country of Sudan has always been in constant ethnic and rebel conflicts. Ironically, the conflicts that Sudan engaged in can be found inside its territories instead of its neighboring countries. The dangerous situation of the country created many Sudanese refugees in the process. Out of fear of being slaughtered, raped and enslaved, many fled to neighboring states of Eritrea, Chad, Ethiopia, Uganda and Cent...
The second civil war began in 1983 when the government of Sudan instituted Shari’ ah in the Abyei region and retracted the part of the Addis Ababa Agreement which allowed the Abyei region to vote on its status in regards to it being considered in southern or northern Sudan. This fighting lasted until 1989, when a peace agreement was reached between the Sudanese government and the SSLM. Combat resumed, however, when the Sudanese g...
After Sudan gained independence from Britain on the 1st January 1956, the country has been at war more than it has been at peace with other neighbouring countries. (Team) Since 1970 Sudan was fighting against the Islamic central government in the North and the Christian and Animist population of the South. This was called the 1st civil war of Sudan. War began again in the early 1980’s because Khartoum the capital of Sudan enforced the Sharia (the Islamic law) over the country and its official language became Arabic. Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA) wanted Sudan to become a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-religious state. The war went on for the next few years. (History) Darfur was and still is a dominant Black African state. The state has never been treated the same as the rest of the country because of the colour of the people. The rest of the country thinks that they can...
... and trying to make them cooperate was the biggest flaw of the British colonialism. Then when that didn’t work out, the British developed the North far more than the South, thus creating resentment in the South. With the end of colonialism the British left a nation that was unstable politically and culturally. The region, culture, language, and historical differences between the South and North leads to two civil wars for independence. Which further leads into an ethnic conflict in South Sudan. If no action is taken to bring peace between the two. There is a threat of those ethnicity fighting over resources, which could then potentially lead into a territorial conflict. And if South Sudan further divides there could be a possibility of a power vacuum happening, creating more chaos. All it takes is a single spark to trigger a series of unfortunate events.