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effects of teen pregnancy on the child
effect of teenage pregnancy on the child
effect of teenage pregnancy on the child
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This essay looks into factors at a social level that determine how injuries are distributed between advantaged and disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.
It then discusses the way in which social demographics can influence health outcomes of children and adolescents. Moreover, how access to healthy food and nutrition can affect the health of a child’s development starting in-utero. It will then discuss the effect of poor living conditions and poor parenting in the child’s journey to adulthood. This is followed by a link to a video regarding the risky YouTube trend called choking and how it relates to the cognitive and physical development of the adolescent concluding with how the community could or should address this problem to minimise its risk in future.
Studies indicate that worldwide, the distribution of injuries is increasingly higher in disadvantaged groups within society compared to those that are advantaged (Marmot M 2013, p.277). Marmot asserts that it is reasonable to expect progress in the burden of injury to decrease; through examining the underlying causal factors related to the determinants of injury distribution, rather than merely the immediate causal factors (Marmot M 2013, p.277). Evidence has sparked some growth in the consensus that social determinants such as experience in school readiness, cerebral development and health is affected by early-childhood development. (Keleher & McDougall 2011, p.37). Moreover social factors on a personal, family, community and national level are said to strongly affect adolescent health (Viner et al 2012, p.1641). Of these factors in childhood and adolescent health, it is poor children that are said to face a superfluous amount of health problems such as chronic and inf...
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...the social determinants’, Department of Epidemoliology & Public Health UCL, vol.16, pp.227-288
McClave, JL, Russell, PJ, Lyren, A, O'Riordan, M & Bass, NE 2009, 'The choking game: physicain perspectives', Pediatrics Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics,vol.125, no.82, pp.81-88
Viner, RM, Ozer EM, Denny, S, Marmot, M, Resnick, M, Fatusi, A & Currie, C 2012, ‘Adolescence and the social determinants of health, The Lancet, vol.379, April, pp.1641-52
Wilkinson, R & Marmot, M 2003, ‘The solid facts second edition’, World Health Organisation Europe, viewed 9 December 2013, http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98438/e81384.pdf
‘Watch shocking video of kids strangling and choking game’, You Tube, viewed 10 December 2013, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IlWNFDnt7A&oref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D9IlWNFDnt7A&has_verified=1
Shahab, Lion "Socioeconomic Status and Health." Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. 8 May 2014.
People living in areas such as Playford, has shown to have a lower socioeconomic position, which made them at highest risk of poor health (WHO, 2017). Then, the social determinants of health support the understanding the difference between populations health levels, but also the reasons behind why some groups are healthier than others (Marmot, 2005) and the issue becomes a little bit deeper as people living in different areas related to others differently, so then the social stratification of health is affected by differences in gender, marital status, residential areas and ethnicity (Elstad,
Polgar, S. Thomas,S,A. (2000) .INTRODUCTION to Research in the Health Sciences, 4th edition, Harcourt publishers Ltd. London.
Wilkinson, R. G., & Marmot, M. G. (2003). Social determinants of health: The solid facts.
Mary Louise Fleming, E. P. (2009). Introduction to Public Health. Chatswood, NSW, Australia: Elsevier Australia.
Delaney, L., & Smith, J. P. (2012). Childhood Health: Trends and Consequences over the Life Course. Future Of Children, 22(1), 3. Retrieved April 4, 2014, from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? sid=3117d496-29ac-4318-82c9-1dfeeac7cc64%40sessionmgr113&vid=12&hid=109
International Journal of Epidemiology 36.6 (2007): 1229-234. International Journal of Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 28 Sept. 2007. Web. The Web.
Wilkinson, R.G. & Marmot, M.G. 2003, Social determinants of health: the solid facts, World Health Organization.
World Health Organization, 3 September 2007. Web. The Web. The Web. 4 Apr 2011.
“Healthy Start is a targeted United Kingdom (UK) food subsidy programme that gives vouchers for fruit, vegetables, milk, and vitamins to low-income families” (McFadden, A. (2014) this programme can help families on low incomes to eat healthy and be able to spend their money on other necessities such as transport for children back and forward to school or simply paying for books that the children may need for school. Eating healthy is expensive so families on a low income find it hard to give their children the recommended five fruit and vegetables per day, in some cases the income is so low that they must choose between eating and heating there home but with these vouchers they can heat the house and eat meaning they are less likely to develop health conditions such as children living in poor housing who don’t receive Healthy Start and cannot afford to heat their house they have a higher chance of developing asthma, Physical health- key issues (Charted institute of Environmental Health, 2015). For pregnant women there is a need for funds to ensure they are eating healthily and enduring the correct nutrient levels this is a key way to decrease health inequalities, Healthy Start is a government funded programme which impacts upon the physical mental health of
...an, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011). The social determinants of health: coming
Wilkinson, R. M. (2003). Social determinants of health - the solid facts. [S.l.]: World Health Organization.
The essay will be looking at , poverty, employment and unemployment, poor diets as determinants of health in this context amongst other factors such as housing, mental health, social support network, education, culture, individual behaviours, genetics, gender because they have the best documented evidence on research in health inequalities in Britain available in the Black Report (DHSS 1980; Townsend, Davidson and Whitehead, 1992), Acheson Report (Acheson 1998), and FairSociety, HealthyLives Report, and other academic sources.
Social determinants of health has been a large topic for many years and can have a positive and negative effect on individuals, families and communities. (World Health Organisation, 2009) The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, including the health system. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels, which are themselves influenced by policy choices. Social determinants have many factors and in this essay education will be the main social determinant of health discussed and how this could have an impact on the physical and mental sides of health.
transcends into adulthood (Casey, 2008). During adolescence there are examinable changes in various areas of life. These changes occur physically as the adolescent goes through puberty, as well as psychological changes where high emotional reactivity emerges, and social development is at its height (Casey, 2008). Adolescents are more likely than adults or children to engage in risky behaviour that can subsequently lead to death or illness by drunk driving, carrying weapons, using illegal drugs, and engaging in unprotected sex, which in turn can lead to STD’s and teenage pregnancies (Eaton, 2006). The prior is proof that adolescents do engage in risky behaviour. Through this essay we will explore the various theories of why risky behaviour is at its height during adolescence.