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INTRODUCTION Societies can sometimes be exposed to periods of moral panic. A condition, episode, person or group of people appears as a threat to certain societal standards and interests. This phenomenon is depicted in a stylized and stereotypical fashion and presented to the public through the moral perspective of editors, bishops, politicians, and other influential people, whose principles define the societal values. These people pronounce their diagnoses and resort to certain ways of coping (although, sometimes, the parties can come to an agreement and a way of coping could evolve). After the condition disappears, submerges or deteriorates, it becomes even more visible. Every now and then the object of the panic is quite unusual, although mostly it is something that has been debated for a long time, but that suddenly appears in the spotlight. Occasionally, the episode is overlooked and forgotten, except in folk-lore and collective memory, but at other times it manages to create a serious impact, producing changes in legal and social policy or even in the way society conceives itself (Cohen, 2002). Since the war in Britain the most recurrent types of moral panic has been associated with the emergence of various form of youth (originally almost exclusively working class, but often recently middle class or student based) whose behaviour is deviant or delinquent. To a greater or lesser degree, these cultures have been associated with violence. The Teddy Boys, the Mods and Rockers, the Hells Angels, the skinheads and the hippies have all been phenomena of this kind (Cohen, 2002). Youth appeared as an emergent category in post-war Britain, on one of the most striking and visible manifestations of social changes in the period. Youth... ... middle of paper ... ... Treatment such as the one presented can fuel a feeling of rebellion of the black youth against the system that has mistreated them. The label of criminal placed upon black youths in society leads to society defining their acts as criminal and extending this judgement to them as people. Having been labelled, there is an expectation that this criminality must be expressed. With this attached stereotype, the general population will perceive them to be criminal and treat them accordingly. This produces unanticipated effects: the label of criminal is intended to prevent individuals from participating in criminal activities but it actually creates the very thing it intended to stop. It produces a self-fulfilling prophecy which is defined as a false definition of a situation, evoking a new behaviour that makes the original false assumption come true (Burke, 2005).
From the study, Michelle Alexander’s argument is true and correct that the mass incarcerations are just a representation of Jim Crow. The Jim Crow has just been redesigned as the blacks have continued to be mistreated and denied some of the rights and privileges that their counterparts enjoy. There is discernment against the African Americans towards different privileges which are essential to their lives. This discrimination is political as leaders steer operations that are aimed at racially discriminating people from particular groups of race.
Through the thirteenth amendment emancipation was born. Through the language of the constitution— “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime”, the amendment was able to make loopholes for certain social agendas that led to the opposite of what the amendment intended to do. It has been able to metaphorically enslave blacks by creating the ability to have the stereotype of black criminality. Black criminality is the myth that has played throughout our society, that depicts black people as criminals, especially black men. This stereotype has caused people to fear away from black people due to the prejudices that the stigmatization of being black holds. Once the thirteenth amendment abolished slavery, Jim Crow Laws appeared within our society, which orchestrated the myth of Blacks being criminals. This stigmatization of a whole race was created through an anomaly of the thirteenth amendment. Something that seems to start the upward battle of a race of people who had been held back because of the laws of slavery, have now found a new struggle to endure, called black criminality, through the unconscientious decision of the wording of the thirteenth amendment that was made to grant
The purpose of this book is to educate. The facts of what mass incarceration has done particularly to African American communities are astounding
criminal. This theory also states that people who have been labeled such names, also contributes
First, Currie outlines the idea that youth drift into an apathetic state of “whatever” rather than simply seeking out delinquency. In this perspective, it is a gradual slide from conformity to offending brought about by increasing apathy rather than a large, traumatic event. This slide is largely a...
Labeling theorists explore how and why certain acts are defined as criminal or deviant and why other such acts are not. As such, they also who is identified as a criminal, and who is not. They question how and why certain people become defined as criminal or deviant. Such theorists view criminals not as evil people who engage in wrong acts but as individuals who have a criminal status forced upon them by both the criminal justice system and the community at large. From this point of view, criminal acts themselves are not significant; it is the reactions of the rest of society to acts defined as criminal that are most crucial. Crime and its control involve a process of social definition, which involves a response from others to an individual's behavior. The external response is crucial to how an individual views himself. According to Sociologist Howard S. Becker (1963) "Deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an offender. The deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label."
Criminals have been linked to many theories. Some are absurd, to others being logical. As a nation, we only make 5% of the world’s population. Yet, we hold 25% of the world 's population of prisoners. Many can be missing a superego from the psychodynamic psychology. Others just grew up with criminals like differential association. To many not seeing themselves at fault, but try to make the act they did less severe than it actually was, like in neutralization theory.
The intense racism of the white society on the African Americans has caused Bigger to act immorally and irrationally as a result of fear. The immoral and irrational behavior that is caused by racism is best shown by “His crime felt natural; he felt that all of his life had been leading to something like this. It was no longer a matter of dumb wonder as to what would happen to him and his black skin; he knew now. The hidden meaning of life - a meaning which others did not see and which he had always tried to hide - had spilled out.” (Wright 106).
The culture was highly influenced but it also influenced the american culture as a whole. The United states and the African American community has had a plentiful of conflicts in the past as well as the present. Historical accounts of slavery and segregation have caused a riff between a race and a country. From the justice system to the education system, african americans have always been given the short end of the stick. In terms of justice, the united states is seen as a prison country. According to naacp.org “Today, the US is 5% of the World population and has 25% of world prisoners.” the united states is no stranger to prisons. Yet, the overwhelming amount of african american youths and people in general is eye opening. “African Americans now constitute nearly 1 million of the total 2.3 million incarcerated population”(naacp) and “Nationwide, African-Americans represent 26% of juvenile arrests, 44% of youth who are detained, 46% of the youth who are judicially waived to criminal court, and 58% of the youth admitted to state prisons (Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice). Socially, times have improved for the african american community. Yet, statistics draw attention to a bigger picture. The black power movement and the symbol of the black fist serve a purpose. The purpose is to never forget where a people has come from and how far is left to go. The first is an engine that never stops, it fuels the fire of many americans who have felt the weight of oppression and who still feel it in the 21st
Nowadays, the reaction of individuals toward certain facts or situations of our days is considered as deviants. However, it is important to notice that not all individuals reacted the same way in different situations. As individuals, we react differently when facing same as well as different situations,
Its lesson members from a certain ethnic group and criminal back ground chances of getting jobs that require energy, dedication and industry. As stated earlier being treated as such makes a criminal actually believe that they are not worthy of being treated as a human, so they relapse and go and do what is expected of them, seeing that they have nothing positive to look forward to. Social construction also plays a major part in stigmas especially in society because of the way people present themselves vs. other people which is shaped by our interactions with each other, also our life experiences. What we were raised to believe affect how we show case ourselves, how we perceive others, and how others perceive us, are shown by our beliefs and
Although young black males are emerging as part of the lowest caste in the growing racial caste system in the United States, there has not been any significant wide movement to end mass incarceration. Therefore, as this novel argues that mass incarceration is metaphorically the new Jim Crow, she reaches out towards the individuals who desire to stop racial injustice from continuing. She argues that no meaningful reform, in regards to mass incarceration, can be achieved without a major social movement. Therefore, she desires to make the public aware of the current caste system that is in place, so that the current caste system can be overturned. Utilizing her knowledge and background as a civil rights lawyer, she provides readers with statistics and facts that illustrate that there is a new Jim Crow in society. Moreover, she highlights the importance of impeding another racial caste system from being formed in the
In the article, “Moral Panics: Culture, Politics, and Social Construction” the authors Erich Goode and Nachman Ben-Yehuda discuss two different perspectives of moral panics. Each perspective give a different way of looking at how moral panics are portrayed to come about in society. The Objectivist perspective and the Constructionist perspective show how people view moral panics. However, the Constructionist perspective is more important and valuable to society than the Objectivist perspective.
Criminals are born not made. The basic definition of the word criminal is someone who commits offending behaviour within society (Harrower, 2001). The crime may range from petty theft to murder. Criminals are born not made is the discussion of this essay, it will explore the theories that attempt to explain criminal behaviour. Psychologists have come up with various theories and reasons as to why individuals commit crimes.