The Peruvian Communist Party (PCP-SL), better known as Sendero Luminoso (‘Shining Path’) was a maoist guerrilla organization in Peru. The parties roots can be drawn to the Andean department of Ayacucho, one of Peru’s pooerest and uneducated areas, where ill even the 1950s landowners continued their serflike manner of treatment toward the natives existence. The escape their dismal lives, Ayacuchans turned toward education, migrating by the thousands in their attempt to escape that existed for them back home.
The Senderos claim that May 17 of 1980 was the beginning of the “People’s
War.” The actions that sparked their new revolution occurred on the eve of Peru’s first
presidential election in seventeen years, where a group of youths broke
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In their attempts to wreastle control they threatened lies in
order to force them (the community leaders) to resign, some peasant leaders were killed
when they were unwilling to quit. During the time of escalated violence, communities
and peasant leaders received to central governemnt protection, politocal or military.7 In
time Sendero violence was turned toward police and communities were then terrorized
by two seperate entities: Senderos and the center. The center, whom had come to the
conclusion that communities had sided with the Senderos, as a ew community leaders
had identified with Sendero. Through this line of thought, police began arresting people
who they believed had connections with Sendero, upon being released from police
custody very often they were the tortured and killed by Senderos who acussed them of
supporting the government. This was the horror that many communities found
themseles bound in, terrorrized by a groupwho once claimed to have their best interests
at heart and the police who committed the same violent actions towards the indian
population under the accusation that they were Sendero supporters.
While its clear that Senderos began the viscious circle of violence, it is
Little is known about Pedro de Cieza de Leon’s youth. Historians have discovered that Pedro de Cieza de Leon was a Spaniard, a conquistador, and a writer of Peru’s history. Pedro de Cieza de Leon was not well educated and had only the most basic education from his local school parish (Atlantis). Although he did not have a superior education, his four part book is reliable because he wrote about what he observed as a conquistador. This document is full of interesting information for the reader to discover the Inca’s way of living.
Earthquake: a series of vibrations induced in the earth’s crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating; something that is severely disruptive; upheaval (Shravan). Tsunami: an unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption (Shravan). Combine these two catastrophic natural disasters, and it will be a day that will forever live in infamy through terror; a day much like that of October 28, 1746 in Lima, Peru in which an entire city was destroyed within mere minutes. Author Charles Walker guides his audience through the devastation and wreckage of this heartbroken town and into the economic, political, religious, and social fallings that followed. Walker argues that the aftermath of this tragedy transformed into a voting of the citizens’ various ideas perceived of the future of Lima, theological consequences, and the structure of the colonial rule (p. 12). However, as illustrated by Walker, the colonial rulers would in turn batter the natives with their alternative goals and ideas for the future of Lima. Finally, the author reconstructs the upheaval of Lima during its’ reconstruction and their forced and struggled relationship with the Spanish crown that ultimately led to rebellions and retaliations by the Afro-Peruvians and Indians.
The Presidential Election of 1820 was during a time of sincere peace and harmony within America. Previous to the election, the Federalists disappeared during the war of 1812 because they were labeled as traitors. Because of this, political rivalries and conflicts were at an all time low, and only one political party with one candidate would run for office. This period was called the “Era of Good Feelings” (MultiEducator) and was a time of nationalism and little sectionalism.
(go figure!) and radical behavior quickly spread from when it first began and started up many
The Andes had a legacy of resistance that was unseen in other Spanish occupied place during the colonial period. There were rebellions of various kinds as a continued resistance to conquest. In the “Letters of Insurrection”, an anthology of letters written amongst the indigenous Andean people, between January and March 1781 in what is now known as Bolivia, a statement is made about the power of community-based rebellion. The Letters of Insurrection displays effects of colonization and how the “lesser-known” revolutionaries that lived in reducción towns played a role in weakening colonial powers and creating a place of identification for indigenous people.
In December of 1915 a huge step for the rights of Peasants in Peru was taken. Juan Pevez was born in Ica, Peru and in 1915 he lead an uprising against the Picasso family who ran the that Pevez worked on. In Water!, an excerpt from Pevez’s autobiography, a dispute over rights to water is described and how the peasants overcame . Southern Peru does not see much rain during the year, so when it does come it is an extremely valued commodity. In December 1915 a very unusual thing happened. The water came much earlier that year and to the peasant's surprise it went unnoticed by the estate owners. In that time the estate owners unlawfully kept the water from the peasants until their own fields were irrigated. The water came that year in the middle of the night so the estate owners were clueless. Unaware that they had the same rights to the water as the estate owners, the farmers were reluctant to open up the Sluice gates that allowed the water to enter their own small canals to irrigate their land. Juan Pevez, who was enrolled in the School of Agronomy informed the farmers that legally they had a right to the water. Trusting Pevez, they all opened their gates to irrigate their fields unbeknownst to the landowners. Soon, morning came and the “stolen” water was noticed and a brawl broke out between the serfs and the estate owners. After being broken up the peasants formed a delegation to make a plea to the Technical Commission to state their concern about the unfair distribution of water. The director of the commission, Ezequiel Gago, heard both sides argument. In December 1915 history was made when Gago ruled in favor of the Peasants. That was the first time in the history of the valley that a group of peasants won a case against a powerful landowner like Picasso.
The election of 1800 was a fight between the democratic-republicans and the federalists party for presidency. It also became the first time in American History where there was a peaceful shift in the political party, from the federalists party to the democratic-republicans party (Jeffersonians). The election of 1800 consists of five candidates, each believing that victory by the other side would ruin their nation. The candidates were, Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson in the democratic-republican party, and John Adams, Charles Pinckney, and John Jay in the federalist party;
‘La Compania’ was the most controversial church ever made in Peru. It all started when the archbishop of Cusco debated that the Jesuit church should not up stage the Cusco Cathedral. To settle the argument Pope Paul III had to intervene. The Pope agreed with the archbishop, but the message did not reach Peru immediately. The delay gave the Jesuits a lot of time to finish their glamorous church.
The riots ended, but The City of the Angels would never be the same. As a matter of fact many things changed because of it, many people blame these riots for today‘s poverty in the city. No one would every forget the violence and rage that hit the city on April 29, 1992. Many lives were lost and hundreds were injured. The damage in the city was over one billion dollars. Thousands of people were arrested. As for the city, it was destroyed. Everyone should fight for what they believe in but rioting the way it happened in this situation it never right.
Shugart, Matthew. "Elections: The American Process of Selecting a President: A Comparative Perspective." Presidential Studies, 34, 3 (September 2004): 632-656.
In this sense, the film tests the resiliency of good human nature. The modern world is becoming increasingly set in its extremes, as the lifestyle of the poor vastly contrasts that of the wealthy. The implementation of NAFTA reflects this movement toward separation, despite the fact that it was intended to boost trade between regions and create more prosperity on both sides of the United States-Mexico border. The Mexican elites saw it as their salvation. Others saw it as “ a death sentence.” The Chiapas region itself exemplifies this gap, as well. The region was split between the relatively prosperous west, which was fertile and characterized by commercial development, and the poor, subsistence-oriented east. It was not by accident that the Zapatista movement began in Chiapas as the struggle between ranchers, landowners, and subsistence farmers was intensified by NAFTA.
Spain had been ruling Peru for over two hundred years by using the encomienda system, a system in which the Spaniards would get the land of the indigenous people and enslave the people who previously lived there, which became an inhumane and barbaric treatment towards them. However, around the beginning of the 1700s, the encomienda system was then removed and transferred over to hegemony, where the people were forced to work as slaves because of high prices and larger taxes. This was not the end of it, the Spaniards had instilled fear into the indigenous people by killing them if they didn’t convert to Christianity. According to GringoPerú, “Not only did rich businessmen make money off cruel taxes but the Catholic Church which had been enforcing Catholicism on the indigenous people through scare tactics and if the idea of hell did not scare them into the belief system then through torture that would lead to death would” (gringoperu.com). This caused the indigenous to not only pay for the absurd amount for taxes and market prices but for the church as well to show their devotion to their new religion and to not be tortured or killed by the Spaniards. This constant abuse had drawn the line for Amaru. Amaru had stopped paying his taxes and debts and defied the rule of the Spaniards. Antonio de Arriaga, the Spanish Governor, began to threaten Amaru if Amaru did not
preventing the war. This was a two-day event in New York, the first day the
A very important event in Peruvian history is how Peru gained its independence from Spain. It all started with an uprising of Spanish-American landowners and their forces were led by Jose de San Martin of Argentina and Simon Bolivar of Venezuela. Because Peru was the stronghold of the Spanish government in South America, Argentine patriot, General San Martin’s strategy to liberate Peru was to use diplomacy. He sent representatives to Lima urging Viceroy Pazuela that Peru be granted independence, however all negotiations proved unsuccessful. They then launched Peru’s movement toward independence. San Martin led the military campaign of 4,200 soldiers. On July 28, 1821, he proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima and said, “From this moment on, Peru is free and independent; by the general will of the people and the justice of its cause that God defends. Long live the homeland! Long live freedom! Long live our independence!” However, Spain did not identify Peru’s independence and the conflict continued. In 1824, Simon Bolivar and his assistants assembled the army at the Lake of Junín...
Cayo, Jorge Riveros. "Peru's Revolution In Tastes." Americas 58.3 (2006): 44-49. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.