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3 basic elements of the montessori approach to education
self determination theory positives and negatives
self determination theory positives and negatives
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Self-determination theory (SDT) is a theory of motivation that allows students to be more autonomous with their learning and achieve greater challenges academically. There are several factors that influence a student’s ability to self-regulate their learning which leads to improved academic performance and overall well-being. Students need to be autonomous, competent, and feel as if they can relate to others.
First of all, it is important for teachers to create a learning environment where students learn to be intrinsically motivated. Intrinsic motivation occurs when students willingly participate in an activity because they find enjoyment in the activity. When students become intrinsically motivated they are willing to take responsibility of their own learning. “Controlling educational climates under- mine intrinsic motivation” and therefore undermine a students progress towards becoming autonomous (pg 136). The main difficulty in guiding students towards autonomy has to do with the current reward and punishment practices used within classrooms. As a teacher, I need to rid my classroom of extrinsic motivations and help students internalize their motivation. Students normally begin school with mostly external regulation as the main regulatory style. External regulation occurs when a students motivation is based on external rewards or punishments. As students move away from external regulation towards introjected regulation, they slowly begin to internalize the motivation to participate in an activity. Introjected regulation occurs when students have become aware of themselves and others view of them and is a means of feeding the ego or satisfying internal expectations. Then students move into identified regulation, which occurs...
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...tion or student learning through the inquiry method which allows students to develop their own truths.
In conclusion, creating a classroom environment where students are able to be autonomous, competent and feel related to the teacher not only as an educator, but also as a fellow human being is essential in promoting self-determination. Promote students’ growth of autonomy by creating differentiation in the assessment style through students personally choosing the way they will be evaluated. Integrating Montessori methodology and practices is one of the easiest ways to insure students will feel both independent and competent in the classroom.
Works Cited
Niemiec, C. P., and R. M. Ryan. "Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness in the Classroom: Applying Self-determination Theory to Educational Practice."Theory and Research in Education 7.2 (2009): 133-44. Print.
Both Ronald Morrish and Craig Seganti have been educators for many years and have subsequently developed their theories over many years of teaching. Both believe that it’s important first to establish the belief in students that the educator has the authority and is in command. Morrish and Seganti both also stress the importance of establishing rules and teaching students how to comply with those rules. For instance, Morrish and Seganti assert that it’s critical to practice appropriate classroom rules. Both also agree that it’s important only to make rules that you’re absolutely willing to enforce and that students should not be involved in creating these rules. Moreover, Morrish and Seganti also have similar perspectives regarding how self-esteem
Effective teachers in a differentiated classroom have always considered their students’ uniqueness (i.e, academic needs, talents, interests, learning styles) in planning, teaching, and evaluating lessons. Tomlinson (1999) describes other features of this approach, among them the engagement of students through different learning modalities; each student’s competition with self; flexibility in various aspects of the school day; teacher as diagnostician; multiple ...
As I continue to shadow cooperating teachers through my field experience observations, I believe that some students can be taught self-discipline while others need to be “controlled and disciplined”. Not every student at the middle level has the same amount of motivation, learning capability, and discipline; which can be a huge academic factor in their schooling. By stating this, I believe tha...
Do I have to? I don’t want to do the dishes. Sound familiar? People are motivated to engage in activities throughout life and in the workplace that fulfill their basic needs, and avoid activities that do not meet their needs. Research by Deci and Ryan (1985) supports the self- determination theory as a formal theory that defines intrinsic and varied extrinsic sources of motivation and a description of the respective roles of intrinsic and types of extrinsic motivation in cognitive and social development and in individual differences. Extrinsic motivators come in various forms, creating positive and some negative results when meeting individual basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness.
Autonomy is our ability to be self-directed, independent and free from outside control. Independence contributes to the sense of competence and successful working relationships with others. Daniel Pink’s book Drive explores the topic of autonomy and how this concept relates to human motivation through illustrating examples from his own and others experiences and others. Through student’s scholastic endeavors, students receive a blend of autonomous and non-autonomous classes with teachers offering some freedoms or classes with strict guidelines. While in middle school students go from class to class each having their own rules and requirements, in high school they can choose between a few classes usually electives but other than that it still
Wood, W. M., Karvonen, M., Test, D. W., Browder, D., & Algozzine, B. (2004). Promoting
his own life how he wishes, even if it will damage health or lead to
Sproken-Smith (U.D.) states that “this form of learning is the approach that best enables the student to experience the processes of creating knowledge and the key points are learning stimulated by inquiry. This is a student-centered approach, a move to self-directed learning, and an active approach to learning.” The idea behind the inquiry method is to teach them to develop research skills, which will gift them with the ability to be lifelong learners (Sproken-Smith, U.D.). Inquiry based teaching is a great combination of curiosity and science. As a student encounters an issue that they are not sure how to solve, they will formulate questions, explore, observe, and apply the new knowledge, to creating a solution to the problem (Warner & Myers, 2014). The history of the inquiry method dates back to the 17th century, to philosophers such as Spinoza, who believed that knowledge is found the manipulation of ideas rather than the transmission of fact. However, it was John Dewey who was the philosopher responsible influencing “learning by doing”, which became more common in the 1970’s (Sproken-Smith U.D.). Some people think of inquiry based learning as inductive learning, problem-based learning, project based learning, and/or discovery learning, which are all derived from the same concept, just have adopted different names. National Academy of Sciences (1995) indicates that when students learn through
The idea of self-reliance is an American idea. Self-reliance is a way of life when one is reliant on one's own capabilities, judgment, and resources. When someone is self-reliant they are completely Independent. Many American authors have used examples of this idea, self-reliance, in a lot of their writing.
Self-determination theory is one that assumes all humans are born with an innate drive to better oneself, basically becoming self-actualized, which is referred to as full-functioning. In self-determination theory, or SDT, full-functioning is characterized as “being aware and mindful, acting autonomously…, and pursuing and attaining intrinsic life goals” (Deci, Ryan, and, Guay 2013). SDT describes three autonomous behaviors: intrinsically motivated, extrinsically motivated, and emotionally motivated. SDT also describes three psychological basic needs of every human: the needs for competency, autonomy, and relatedness. The need for competency causes people to try tasks slightly tougher than they can currently manage, in order to improve upon
To help students to feel capable, connected and contributing (or the three C’s) Linda Albert asks us to make five fundamental changes to our classrooms, or what she calls “Paradigm Shifts in Cooperative Discipline” (see figure 2). Firstly, we need to move away from a “hands-on” or “hands-clenched” approach to discipline, which is an authoritarian style of classroom discipline, to a “hands-joined” or democratic style of classroom management. Secondly, we need to recognize that student behavior is a choice, and not caused by some outside force, though these forces may influence student behavior it is ultimately the student’s decision on how they will act in your classroom. Thirdly, she asks us to abandon our long list of classroom rules and replace it with a concise code of conduct; shifting the classroom atmosph...
Inquiry Learning is a way to make the student find their own answers for their questions (Lakes Matyas, Ph.D). Posing a question for the students is a way to get them started. Then, by guiding the students on their own different searches, they all come together in the end to share their findings to answer the question.
Reeve, J. & Jang, H. (2006). Teachers as facilitators: What autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit. Elementary School Journal, 106, 225-236.
Inquiry is an interactive way of learning. Students are actively engaged in their studies. Inquiry involves student-centered activities focusing on questioning, exploring, and posing explanations. The goal of inquiry is to introduce a new way of learning where students can learn about the world around them through active engagement in real-life examples. Inquiry based learning can be incorporated into all academic subjects throughout the curriculum. Science could possibly be the most effective subject to incorporate inquiry.
Classrooms today are learner-centered with the teacher as the facilitator encouraging students to become independent learners as they seek out the solution to the problem and build on prior knowledge. Students are more likely to succeed in differentiated classroom where learning environment is created for all types of learners.