The Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders category of the DSM-IV-TR includes disorders which have psychotic symptoms as a dominant part of their presentation (American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text rev., 2000). Disorders in the Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders category include Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, Shared Psychotic Disorder, Brief Psychotic Disorder, Psychotic Disorder due to a General Medical Condition, Substance Induced Psychotic Disorder, and Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
Schizophrenia should be differentiated from Mood Disorders with Psychotic Features because people with a Mood Disorder with Psychotics Features only express psychotic symptoms during a mood disturbance; whereas, people with Schizophrenia have psychotic features during the prodromal, active and residual phases of their episodes (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Schizophrenia is also differentiated from Schizoaffective Disorder because someone with Schizophrenia has mood symptoms which are either brief when compared to the full duration of the disturbance, only occur during the residual or promordal phases, or do not meet the full criteria for a mood episode. Moreover, Schizophrenia is differentiated from Schizophreniform because the symptoms for Schizophreniform are present for one to six months; while people diagnosed with Schizophrenia have had the symptoms for a minimum of six months. Furthermore, Brief Psychotic Disorder is diagnosed when the symptoms have been present for one day to one month. Even though people with Delusional Disorder have delusions similarly to people with Schizophre...
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...isorders category contains several diagnoses which are primarily rooted in psychosis. There are several other disorders which might appear similar to a Psychotic Disorder; hence, diagnosticians need to vigilantly navigate through the person’s case to determine if the psychosis is related to another disorder such as a Substance-Related Disorder or a Mood Disorder, or if the primary focus of clinical attention is due to the psychotic symptoms.
References
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Suresh, G., Horbar, J., Plsek, P., Gray, J., Edwards, W., Shiono, P., & ... Goldmann, D. (2004).
According to the DSM-IV, schizophrenia is classified under the section of “Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders”. Schizophrenia is one of the most serious major chronic brain disorders in the field of mental health; it is a neurological disorder that affects the cognitive functions of the human brain. People living with this incapacitating illness can experience multiple symptoms that will cause extreme strain in their own and their families and friends life. The individual can lose reality, unable to work, have delusions and hallucinations, may have disorganized speech and thought processes, will withdraw from people and activities, they may become suspicious and paranoid, may behave inappropriately in every day social situations. They may neglect personal hygiene and dress improperly, use excessive make-up; every day life is becoming chaotic for everyone involved.
Tadić, A., Wagner, S., Hoch, J., Başkaya, Ö., von Cube, R., Skaletz, C., ... & Dahmen, N. (2009).
Zhang, Y. B., Harwood, J., Williams, A., Ylänne-McEwen, V., Wadleigh, P. M., & Thimm, C.
According to (Barlow, 2001), Schizophrenia is a psychological or mental disorder that makes the patient recognize real things and to have abnormal social behavior. Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms such as confused thinking, hallucinations, false beliefs, demotivation, reduced social interaction and emotional expressions (Linkov, 2008). Diagnosis of this disorder is done through observation of patient’s behavior, and previously reported experiences (Mothersill, 2007). In this paper, therefore, my primary goal is to discuss Schizophrenia and how this condition is diagnosed and treated.
Paranoid schizophrenia is the reverse of happiness. Pleasure, elation, and satisfaction are elusive. It feels like you are the only one to whom this is happening (Moore 2001 pg. 2). This quote is from a person who suffers with schizophrenia and describes it better than anyone on the outside of the disorder ever could. Schizophrenia is a key mental illness that negatively affects a person life and their surrounding environments (DSM-IV-TR. 4th). This paper will shed some light into this horrible mental ailment. It will discuss the symptoms and treatment for the disorder in a non-scientific, more familiar way.
Coined by Eugen Bleuler in 1950, the term ‘Schizophrenia’ refers to a group of mental disorders with heterogeneous outcomes. The most prevalent subtype of schizophrenia is the paranoid subtype. Typically, this disorder is characterized by psychosis, in which the patient suffers from altered perceptions of reality. According to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM – V), the typical subtypes – paranoid, catatonic and disorganized, among others have been eliminated, although the general definition of the disorder remains unchanged. These changes were made due to the clinically diverse prognosis, pathophysiology and etiology of the disorder, which add to its heterogeneity1, 2. In addition, sex of the patient and age of onset of the disorder also contribute to schizophrenia’s diverse effects. The age of onset and sex of the patient heavily influence the demographics and course of paranoid schizophrenia, and in turn are also affected by the patients ethnicity and any premorbid conditions the patient may have suffered1, 3...
Tackett, J. L., Lahey, B. B., van Hulle, C., Waldman, I., Krueger, R. F., & Rathouz, P. J. (2013).
The initial diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder can be somewhat confusing. Many patients and loved ones wonder, “What does that mean?” “How is it different than Schizophrenia?” We’re here to break it down for you. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Schizoaffective Disorder is classified as: An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a Major Mood Episode (Major Depressive or Manic) concurrent with the Criterion A of Schizophrenia. The Major Depressive Episode must include Criterion A1. Depressed mood. Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a Major Mood Episode (Depressive or Manic) during the lifetime duration of the illness. Symptoms that meet criteria for a Major Mood Episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the active and residual portions of the illness. The disturbance is not attributable to the effects of a substance or another medical condition.
According the fourth edition diagnostic manual of mental disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), the category psychotic disorders (Psychosis) include Schizophrenia, paranoid (Delusional), disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual type. Other clinical types include Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Affective Disorder/Manic depression, mania, Psychotic depression, delusional (paranoid) disorders. These are mental disorders in which the thoughts, affective response or ability to recognize reality, and ability to communicate and relate to others are sufficiently impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality; the classical and general characteristics of psychosis are impaired reality testing, hallucinations, delusions, and illusions. Mostly, these are used as defining features of psychosis even if there are other psychotic symptoms that characterise these disorders (L. Bortolotti, 2009).
Bipolarity, Schizophrenia, and Anxiety are all mental disorders prominent in the world and the United States. Each disorders has several stages, stages, and groups in which the disorder gets more intense leaving the patient in critical condition. Bipolarity has has three main stages which include severe mood swings, hypomania or long periods of depression interrupted by brief mania or intense energy much like hyper activeness, and Cyclothymic which is both intense suicidal depression with the mixture of intense energy. Anxiety has twelve types or groups, which have similar conditions but affect different parts of the mind and thus having different symptoms. Schizophrenia or split mind is a illness that worsens in a patient if not treated. In this specific disease a patient may hear, see, or feel unrealistic or imaginary things.
1. Caldwell-Harris, C. L., Wilson, A. L., LoTempio, E., & Beit-Hallahmi, B. (2011). Exploring the
Schizophrenia can be described by a wide-ranging spectrum of emotional and cognitive dysfunctions. These can include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, as well as inappropriate emotions. Consequently, this disease can affect people from all walks of life. Since schizophrenia is such a complex disorder it can ultimately affect a person’s entire existence and their struggle to function daily. With a chronic disease like this, most people have a difficult time functioning in society. This can make it hard for someone who is schizophrenic to relate to others as well as maintain significant relationships. Life expectancy for those who suffer this illness tend to be shorter than average. This is due to the higher rate of accident and suicide. The symptoms of schizophrenia can be broken down into different categories: positive, negative and disorganized. Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions. These tend to be the more obvious signs of psychosis. On the other hand negative symptoms indicate deficits or absence of normal behavior which can affect sp...
Timpano, K. R., Keough, M. E., Mahaffey, B., Schmidt, N. B., & Abramowitz, J. (2010).
Barker, V., Giles, H., Hajek, C., Ota, H., Noels, K., Lim, T-S., & Somera, L. (2008).