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Essay about air india flight 182
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Introduction On June 23, 1985, a bomb was planted on Air India Flight 182 that exploded and killed the 329 passengers and crew while airborne (Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182: Final report, 2010). A second bomb at Tokyo’s Narita Airport killed two baggage handlers that were unloading luggage from a Canadian Pacific Airlines flight, the baggage was also prepared to be on the Air India flight. Sikh terrorists were responsible for planting the two bombs. In total 331 people were killed (CIIBAIF 182, 2010). This review of the inquiry of Air India Flight 182: A Canadian Tragedy will examine the numerous objectives of the inquiry. The review will examine the mandate, methods, and the key findings by the commission. An evaluation will be made on the recommendations set out in the inquiry and the impacts of the recommendations that have been implemented in addition to evaluating whether or not all the recommendations have been implemented in Canada. This review will also evaluate the context in which the particular group of Sikhs and Indians were treated as a victim, terrorist, or witness. Mandate On May 1, 2006, the Governor General in Council appointed John C. Major, as the Commissioner to conduct an inquiry to investigate the bombing of Air India Flight 182. The Commission’s mandate was to provide accurate and practical recommendations for the complicated policy issues, which connect to addressing the National Security matters in Canada (CIIBAIF 182, 2010). The first subject in the Commission’s mandate was to resolve the issue of whether there was any knowledge by Canadian government of the possible threats made by Sikh terrorist before or after 1985. One of the goals of the inquiry... ... middle of paper ... ...ity of these Canadians were Indo-Canadian. The majority of the victims’ families were Indo-Canadian. The Canadian government treated the family members of the Air India bombing victims unfairly. The government failed to inform the families of the victims of latest developments in the case and failed to disclose evidence during the civil suit. The government forcefully settled the civil suit early with tough bargaining. Conclusion Overall, the Canadian government did treat many Sikh indo-Canadians unfairly during the entire process of the Air India bombing. Primarily the treatment of the witnesses and the family members of the victims were very hostile. This relates to Crim 311 because it provides the historic treatment of members belonging to the Indo-Canadian Sikh population. These people faced inadequate treatment by the justice system and the government.
The tendency to racially discriminate and victimise against certain minorities or a specific nationality was a long-lasting sting of racism which was a part of Canadian history. The discrimination by Canadians directed towards Japanese-Canadians during WWII was a significant historical event that needs to be addressed. After the Pearl Harbour attacks in Hawaii by the Japanese navy, 24,000 Japanese-Canadians were placed in internment camps, where they were stripped of their identity and freedom of rights based upon their racial origin. In the aftermath of the internment, many Japanese-Canadian natives were left without life savings, as all of their belongings were confiscated and never given back. This internment of the Japanese-Canadians occurred
Answer: The one and only reason Canada reject the entrance of the Komagata Maru passengers was racism
...panese Canadian Interment and Racism During World War II." IMAGINATIONS. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2014.
At 19 years old, Manny heard this terrifying news as he sat in front of the television in the village of Patara, only a mere 40 miles away from the violence. He was instantly paralyzed by fear. Manny was left with a tough decision to choose where his loyalties lied. Should he stay and support the Sikh loyalist movement or should he lend himself to the military as a means of comprising his personal beliefs? The news broadcaster stated that “Saint” Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, leader of the Damdami Taksal (a Sikh-advocated political group), was killed. Young Manny could not fathom the loss of his first true hero. He had always perceived “Saint” Bhindranwale as the ideal Sikh soldier, not a terrorist. Manny reminisced about going to see him preach at a local gurdwara (Sikh temple). He learned there that Sikhs were a religious group a part from Hindus and Muslims, with a destiny to rule th...
The horrors of racial profiling during World War II had always seemed to be distant to many Canadians, yet Canada was home to several xenophobic policies that were a violation of many rights and freedoms. One of the cruelest instances of this was the Japanese Canadian internment. At the time, the government justified the internment by claiming that the Japanese Canadians were a threat to their national defense, but evidence suggests that it had nothing to do with security. The government made illogical decisions in response to the mass panic and agitation in British Columbia. To aggravate the situation, Prime Minister William Mackenzie King reacted passively to these decisions, as it was not in his best interests to be involved. Moreover,
Stephen Harper, the leader of the Canadian conservative party, promised that if re-elected he will protect the national security of Canada by criminalizing trips to certain regions. The main goal of his promise is to prohibit travelling to regions where Islamic groups enroll and train people. According to Harper, the threat is real and only with this legislation, Canadian security could be ensured. Harper also promised that some exceptions would be made for people that prove that they are travelling to “terrorist hotspot” for legitimate purposes i.e. journalists or aid workers. The leaders of the other parties had different reactions to the promise made by Harper. For instance, Justin Trudeau is convinced that Harper talks about security in order to distract people from the conservative’s failure in the Canadian democracy. While Tom Mulcair thinks that Stephen Harper decided to announce his legislation at the same time as Mike Duffy’s trial in order to turn aside the scandal in which conservatives are involved.
Kamla Pande (2009) explored a number of attacks in this research study. However, Pande primarily focused on the attack of the city of Mumbai in India, in November of 2008 (p.5), and the attack on the United States in New York on September 11, 2001 (p. 7). The Mumbai attack occurred on November 26, 2008 and is described as a well-coordinated attack by armed attackers with the use of semi-automatic weapons, grenades and bombs. The attack lasted three days where the attackers opened fire on several businesses and a Jewish cultural center. Over 170 people were killed. In New York, on September 11, 2001, terrorists associated with al-Qaeda, hi-jacked four airplanes, two of which were flown into the World Trade Center. Over 3,000 people were killed during the attack. Pande, then, explored the prevailing research as to the types of media communication frames with regards to reporting terroristic attacks which included “international order” (describing terrorism as organized crime against a global society with a secondary emphasis on religion and politics) and “clash of civilizations” (describing terrorism in the context of hostility between different civilization)(p. 9).
Anand, A. (2011). Combating terrorist financing: Is Canada’s legal regime effective? University of Toronto Law Journal, 61(1), 59-71. Retrieved from http://library.mtroyal.ca:2078/journals/university_of_toronto_law_journal/v061/61.1.anand.html
The Front de libération du Québec was founded in 1963 during the “Quiet Revolution”, and for seven years, they carried out several minor bombings, with few FLQ members involved in each of the bombings, as they were relatively small scale. However, the Canadian government took little notice of these actions until Oct...
After 9/11, the government took measure to upsurge the safety in aspects like aviation and borders, this included the 9/11 Commission Report. The 9/11 Commission report entailed various recommendations on terrorist attacks upon the U.S. It begins with the U.S. government ascertaining present or prospective terrorist sanctions. the 9/11 commission report is an uncommonly lucid, even riveting, narrative of the ...
This website provides information related to military, security and terrorism in the country. It has been a vital source of information for developing an insight about the Canadian policy on anti-terrorism and in analyzing the strategies that has been taken up by the government to provide public safety. The website provided detailed information on the Anti-terrorism act and the departments involved in the security and countering terrorism.
In this article, the author focuses the reality of Sikhs being targets of anti-Muslim hate crimes 15 years post September 11th. Basu interviews victims who tell their stories of constantly living in fear—these families, primarily the Sikh men, are constantly targeted, harassed, and brutally murdered. As a commitment to their faith, Sikh men wear turbans and grow long beards. Many Americans, however, mistake them for Muslims based of their physical appearance. Sikhism, a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab is the fifth largest religion in the world. Close to 500,000 Sikhs preside in the United States, yet a majority of Americans know nothing about Sikhs. Post September 11th, there has been a sharp increase in hate crimes directed at Sikhs
"Lahore Tense after Mosques' Attacks - Central & South Asia." - Al Jazeera English.28 May 2009
Following the largest terrorist attack on US on September 11, 2001, the nation has changed forever. The number of victims was tremendous: thousands have died or went missing. However, these innocent people who died as a result of the act are direct victims. Many forget that are still tens of thousands who knew someone who was killed or heard about the attack. These people are indirect victims because they also suffered even though not physically but mentally. In addition, even terrorists themselves are also victims: some of their religious believes, some of the strong commitment to the orders of their leaders.
Aboriginal people because of their skin colour were not considered people until 1929. Not being considered a person meant that you had no rights, could not vote and often had to carry an identity card and report to people whenever leaving a reserve. Aboriginals were also prohibited to be a part of the Canadian forces. Although it is not one of the best jobs it was unfair to deny aboriginal Canadians the option to pursue a military career and fight for their country if they so please. Not only did we deprive aboriginals of basic rights and privileges but we also attempted to force them into our customs with residential schools. Residential schools separated all aboriginals from white people and attempted to stripe them of their culter. Upon arrival aboriginals would be banned to talk their aboriginal language and would have to deal with poor conditions such as being forced to eat rotten food, over crowded areas and often sexual abuse. 17,000 students were enrolled in residential schools across Canada with an average death rate of 42% of students. If we were able to treat our own people with such cruelty and disgrace how are we expected to treat others