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qualitative and quantitative research methods
qualitative and quantitative research methods
qualitative and quantitative research methods
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Research Framework 3 Research Methodology: 3.1 Research philosophy: The philosophy of research can be divided into two broad methods of reasoning; deductive and inductive researches. These two methods of reasoning are different in a way to conduct research. Inductive reasoning is more open-ended and used to understand of new or unknown phenomena. The theory usually follows data and the finding is difficult to replicate. In contrast, deductive reasoning is narrower in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses. This study employs deductive research. It begins by examining theories related to leadership and e-commerce. The hypothesis is developed by the assumption that the level of e-commerce adoption depends on the characteristic of leader in the organization. The study also applies quantitative research, which data will be collected through questionnaire. 3.2 Data collection Method: There are two types of data available when conducting a research: primary and secondary data. Primary data is the data that researchers collect by themselves. The main advantage is that the data are directly collected toward the purposes of the research at hand. However, the disadvantage is that it will take a long time to collect the data. It also costs a lot and probably difficult to access the right respondents. This study employs survey technique as a tool to conduct a quantitative study. In developing questionnaire I got help from my supervisor and literature review especially Kittipong (2005) and Donald Clark (2010). Self-administered questionnaire was developed and sent to selected sample via email and by hand with respect to approach and convenience. The questionnaire was divided into thre... ... middle of paper ... ...rce services would dramatically increase in the near future. Further Research: According to my limited knowledge there is no other study conducted on this topic in Pakistan. It means there is room for it and it requires more research. Due to limited time I couldn’t have the appropriate sample. So this study can be conducted with big sample to get representation of whole Pakistani organizations. This study can be done in different perceptive. 1. By changing the data collection instrument Leadership questionnaire. There are other instruments available to measure leadership style. 2. This study measure attitude about advantages of e-commerce, disadvantages can be included. 3. Leadership style is not only factor to adopt e-commerce .Others factors can be included in the model like education, revenue, market share, size of the company and customers’ perception.
The leadership style and organizational culture can lead to multiple different theories, I believe the leadership styles involving transformative
Leadership style is a behavioral model that leaders use it to interact with followers. Leadership is a combination of providing direction, making decision, motivating sub-workers and achieving goals (Fertman & Liden 1999). Furthermore, Chemers (2007) asserted that leadership is the executive of organizational intelligence in which leadership effectiveness is linked to organizational performance. In addition, Obiwuru et al (2011) stated that the leadership styles are predictor to leadership effectiveness whereby leadership style in an organization is one of the factors that play significant role in enhancing or retarding the interest and commitment of the individuals in the organization. In this paper, we will concentrate on three leadership
Different styles of research are employed in research to safeguard that the facts are acquired to permit examiners to find resolution to the principal queries for the study correctly, therefore, evading uncertainty ( ). Acquiring relevant proof encompasses stipulating the type of proof mandatory in answering the query. Methodological designs encompass logical complications; therefore, matters of sampling, information gathering methods, and queries are secondary to the type of method used in research. Strategies are often compared with quantitative and qualitative research methods. Research and collective studies are often observed as principal specimens of quantitative research and are evaluated compared to the flaws and strong point of numerical, examination, and quantitative research methods ( ).
To have these questions answered, our team has used various research methods. First was the survey method. With a sample size of 42
It is the nature, vision, and upbringing of the leader which helps them to determine which leadership theory fits them the most. A leader is the one who helps others to accomplish the goals. If there is any kind of intervention in the leadership style then most probably it would fail as the employee would be no more interested to work under the leader. A leader is someone who inspires others, helps them to view a goal and motivates them to achieve the goal. In a workplace, leaders come and go but the important thing is that leader who inspires others will leave a mark for the lifetime. Being a leader is not a difficult job, but leadership faces a jeopardy situation when a leader is incapable to answering the why and how questions. So, one should be very careful while acting as a
A strength of secondary research is its time saving and is easy accessible. For example, if someone needed information to use fast they can go on the internet and will have access to a range of information they can use, instead of having to create a research method to use and then go out and collect the data it will be faster to go and use someone else 's data.
They further stated that most leadership forms a new paradigm for understanding both the lower and higher order effects of leadership style. The style of leadership which is adopted by a leader is influenced by the leader’s background, personal experience, religion, political affiliation, ideology, inclination, culture and even orientation without necessarily being based on the dynamics of the situation. The major leadership constructs consist of transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and lazzirfair leadership others that are going are common are democratic and autocratic types of
Leadership styles reflect a manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Traditionally, effective leadership styles were thought of a one size fits all, leaders picked one approach and used it all situations. In today’s world, successful leaders recognize the style of leadership is relative to given situation, based on analyzing the employees and the organization. Leadership styles are most effective when the actions of a leader reflect what is best for individuals and the organization, simultaneously. Leadership styles ultimately affect human behavior, and according to James G. Clawson, change occurs at three levels: Level one leadership is focused on visible behavior patterns.
Leaders are faced with different situations, work with people of varied abilities every day, and therefore have to adapt our leadership styles. This is fundamental when looking for a positive outcome. To understand the factors that influence leadership style, it is important to look at some examples of leadership styles.
Eisenhower’s definition of leadership is veracious in every single word, particularly in the context of business. Leadership has an influence on all the facets of business. There are many different theories of leadership, however, through this essay, transformational leadership theory will be analyzed, focusing on the three main components: idealized influence, inspirational motivation and individualized consideration. “Transformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders” (Al-Harthi, A. S., Al-Shehri, O. A. M. and Al-Khatib, A. J., 2013, p.155). Besides, the essay efforts are also made a relation to Steve Jobs, Ex-CEO and co-founder of Apple Inc, with this theory. An attempt will be made to evaluate Steve Jobs leadership styles following transformational leadership theory in the specific way under the three main components were listed above of this theory. After viewing the literature on the leadership theory relevant to Steve Jobs case, based on the frameworks it will be argued how well Jobs’ decisions and actions are made.
Leadership style is important. It indicates a method that is taken by a certain leader. It can be considered as being directive or even being commanding or even having a collaborative or participative elegance. However, we must know that some leaders tend to be motionless and use a style through different situations that can or will occur in the near future. It is important for the leaders to know what their main style and preferences are (Warner, 2012, para.2). It makes evaluation easier due to the effectiveness of the different styles with a great amount of circumstances that can enhance outcome and positivity. There are many qualities that increase leadership. The many qualities that can easily increase leadership are demonstrated
Leadership styles refer to the manner and approach, through which directions are provided, plans being implemented and motivating people. From the employee’s perspective, it encompasses the patterns of both explicit and implicit actions that a leader performs. Kurt Lewin conducted the first major leadership study in 1939 by leading a group of researchers in identifying the various types of leadership (Burnes, 2004). The study remained influential by establishing three major styles of leadership.
The nature of research instruments, the sampling plan and the type of data the research design constitutes the blueprint for the collection, the measurement and analysis of data. It aids the researcher in the allocation of his limited resources by posing crucial choices.
ANS) There are number of public health issues in Pakistan. Due to weak primary and preventive health care services Pakistan has a double burden of communicable diseases as well as non-communicable diseases. We can conduct studies and with the use statistical information to address all the public health issues in Pakistan and plan for future like starting new preventive care programs or recommend reforms in the existing programs.
According to Jenkins (2009), a leader must be able to influence, motivate and empower others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organization. The use of right leadership style is also paramount to influence the effectiveness of change in the organization. (Jenkins, 2009) Therefore, leadership self-assessment is an important tool for leaders to understand their personal leadership style, traits, characteristics, behaviours, and cognitions so that organizational change can be successful (Edmunds, n.d.)