REDD+ leads to increase in both carbon storage and forest conservation. REDD+ mitigation measure includes REDD, plus conservation of forest carbon stocks, sustainable management of forest, and enhancement of forest carbon stock.
REDD+ with carbon enhancement objective may increase conversion of bio-diverse natural ecosystem to monoculture with quick species growth. In addition, increase in afforestation and reforestation will be common by replacing high biodiversity non-forest ecosystem (Swan and McNelly, 2011).
Conservation of forest in REDD+ area can lead to displacement (leakage) of deforestation and degradation to other non-REDD+ site. For example, in Indonesia, targeting carbon dense peat land forest will increase pressure to convert forest to oil palm plantation on mineral soil affecting existing biodiverse ecosystem (Swan and McNelly, 2011). In addition, restricting human to access forests that was previously accessible for extraction of forest products, fuel wood would benefit wildlife, increase carbon, and protect forest, but the long-term sustainability from this approach is doubtful (Miles and Dickson, 2010). Similarly, carbon focused conservation efforts under REDD+ will create huge pressure on the global biodiversity conservation priority areas, such as the Brazilian Cerrado, the Cape Floristic province, and the Succulent Karoomay, as it will divert the conservation investment away from them, and redirect human pressure towards them (Straussburg, et. al., 2009).
The land use decision of the country depends on the country’s existing policies, socio-economic and environmental conditions, and these factors plays a key role in achieving conservation goals. In addition, poor governance such as poor land tenure, exclu...
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...nce. However, the existence of correlations between forest carbon biodiversity will not indicate causal link (Talbot, 2010) but it will help determine the association.
Literatures indicates that biodiversity and carbon stock do not overlap in all regions, and we cannot assume REDD+ will automatically achive both carbon and biodiversity benefits. Thus, area specific analysis will be carried out to identify if additional biodiversity benefit can be obtained in current practice and if there is difference. However, achieving both benefits (biodiversity conservation and carbon enhancement) depends on several factors such as location, scale of implementation, initial conditions, historical impacts, forest type and the wider landscape context. Win-win outcome may not be always possible, but it is important that while planning these factors are evaluated in detail.
The Kyoto Protocol set by the United Nations allocates countries to offset their greenhouse gas emissions by growing what they lost, that is reforestation, and/or establishing a forest in a barren land, that is afforestation. Each country is allowed a certain quota that limits their greenhouse emissions. For companies that uses deforestation for commercial purposes must reforest the land they cut off to compensate for the loss. More often than not the land is left alo...
Palmer, Charles, and Stefanie Engel. Avoided Deforestation: Prospects for Mitigating Climate Change. London: Routledge, 2008. Print.
Perry, D. A. (1998). The Scientific Basis of Forestry, Annual Review of Ecology and System Thematic 29:435-466, Retrieved July 9, 2005 from: http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/policy/policy_and_events/index.cfm
Sinks can be used to mitigate global climate change in two ways: either by producing new forests to absorb the carbon, or by preventing the release of carbon into the atmosphere through actions such as deforestation (Pagiola, 25). However, currently there is a lack of consensus as to how much carbon can actually be absorbed by these sinks.
Environmental issues affect every life on this planet from the smallest parasite to the human race. There are many resources that humans and animal needs to survive; some of the most obvious resources come from the forests. Forests make up a large percentage of the globe. The forests have global implications not just on life but on the quality of it. Trees improve the quality of the air that species breath, determine rainfall and replenish the atmosphere. The wood from the forests are used everyday form many useful resources. Moreover, thinning the forests increases the amount of available light, nutrients and water for the remaining trees. Deforestation (forest thinning) is one of the most critical issues of environmental problems that are occurring today.
Restate thesis: In reality forests are better left alone, forests provide the earth with a regulated climate, strong biodiversity, and good nutrient rich soil for plants to strive on.
Rainforests once covered 14% of the worlds land surface, however now it only covers a mere 6%. It is estimated that all rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. Trees are becoming more needed and used everyday. We need them cut down for many reasons such as paper and timber, while also needing them ‘untouched’ for other reasons like oxygen, we have to ask ourselves, which is more important? At the current rate, most of the rainforests are being cut down for resources like paper and timber, but less importance is being placed on main resources like oxygen.
The change of environemetnal conditions may lead to either growth or reduction in the number of species and to changes in floral complosition. (Zielinska, 2007). One of the most important major factors that defines stability and efficient functioning of forest ecosystem is diversity that is required to maintain biodiversity for forest management (Polykov et al., 2008).One the other hand major threat to biodiversity is habitat loss (Mac Donald, 2003) Therefore it is the basic need to assess biodiversity to determine the effects (Agosti et al., 2000). Criteria required to maintain health forest ecosyste...
"The sudies show that assumptions tying the results of resource management to one or few "causes" are simplistic, and that in reality there is a host of interacting factors influencing the decisions of people who have an impact on forests." (text 4.2 bottom page
One of the reasons for loss in biodiversity is alteration of habitats. A habitat is the natural environment in which a species of living organism lives. If the habitat of a species is changed, it will cause the species to die or migrate to other places where it can find its natural habitat. There are many ways in which the habitat of plants and animals can be altered. One of them is land use changes. Since the beginning of human life, human beings have been changing land use for farming. Large areas of forests have been cleared by humans to increase the area of farming to satisfy their growing needs. Many biodiversity-rich landscape characteristics have been lost due to intensive farming (Young, Richards, Fischer, Halada, Kull, Kuzniar, Tartes, Uzunov & Watt, 2007). For example, traditional farming was replaced by private farms in Europe after the First World War causing an immense change in land use patterns. Another major proble...
The complexity of nature has made it difficult to put a price on it and the services it provides. Many environmental groups have put a price on ecosystem services in order provide socioeconomic aspect to many political discussions. This has been u...
since the beginning of time. Man has been destroying trees for the use of wood for
Solutions to the Problem of Deforestation Personal: There are many things that one can do personally to rectify the problem of Deforestation. These include such things as using wood sparingly, planting indigenous trees, purchasing the most ecologically sensitive products, recycling paper, reducing consumption of wood related products, communicating your opinions to the proper authorities, calling on forestry companies to act responsibly, and more. Education, however is the most effective catalyst for change, we must respect the forests as living communities not just resources to be exploited. Government: There are many things that governments are doing to rectify this problem. Probably the most effective of these are Forest Protection Schemes, Farm Forestry and plantations, and Raising Awareness/Education.
Rainforests are Earth’s most intriguing and important biome due to its species’ diversity, the many benefits it yields, and the unfortunate degradation that has been thrust upon it. While being home to the most complex variety of both plants and animals, the rainforest also houses imperative products needed for everyday life including food and medicine. The forest, although it provides so much for man, is sadly facing devastation, mostly due to man. It is left to the world’s population to restore the health and beauty the rainforest once was so it may continue to live and thrive on for an eternity.
On the one hand, participatory approach to land use planning can provide openings for the decentralized administration of land management and enhance legal protection of local land rights through contributing to formal recognition of existing land tenure systems. According to Chigbu et al, (2015) four functions of land use planning that directly links to tenure security. (1) Its capacity to identify or determine land areas, parcels and uses and users. (2) Its propensity to enable documentation of land areas, parcels, rights, restrictions and responsibilities. (3) The opportunities it provides for stakeholder involvement, compensation of claims and community participation. (4) Its impact on land value, land markets and credit opportunities. On the other hand, land use planning, promoting sustainable natural resource use and environmental management are generally part of the mandate of local governments. And these prerogatives often tend to be weakly developed, both legally and with respect to capacity building and methodology (Hilhorst 2010). Unclear property rights and tenure insecurity are the major constraints to the potential of successful land use planning. According to UN-Habitat (2008, p. 17), poor land use planning associated with insecurity of tenure and incompletely specified land rights leads to problems of air and water-borne pollution from agricultural and industrial land use. Though there is a