Ralph Waldo Emerson's Speech to Phi Beta Kappa "The American Scholar"

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In the spring of 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson received a letter asking him to deliver the annual oration of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. When he was writing his speech, appropriately titled “The American Scholar,” Romanticism was becoming one of the more preferred forms of literature. Just as Romanticism has its three main ideas, Emerson portrays the scholar as a person who learns from three (very similar) pursuits. The first pursuit is nature; the scholar's own mind and person. The second is the past; reading literature, observe art, and study the great minds and moments of previous times. The third pursuit is action; to interact with the rest of the world and not become a withdrawn sophist. Emerson addresses his beliefs to a group of Harvard graduates, and instead of speaking of a particular individual, he tells of the American Scholar as an abstract ideal.

The most important influence, as Emerson writes, on the mind is nature. He makes the connection that everything is interconnected, a belief of Transcendentalism, describing it as a “web of God.” (P. 304) The human mind is somet...

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