Quantum mechanics is the study of the behavior of energy and matter at the atomic, molecular and nuclear levels and sometimes even microscopic levels. The first initial information on quantum mechanics was first discovered in the early 20th century by a pioneering scientist Max Planck, because of this early knowledge of quantum energy it led to the first invention of the transistor. Scientist Max Planck discovered an equation that explained the results of these tests. The equation is as follows, E=Nhf, with E=energy, N=integer, h=constant, f=frequency. In determining this equation, Planck came up with the constant (h), which is now known as "Planck's constant." The word “Quantum” comes from the Latin meaning “how much”, which refers to the units of matter and energy predicted and observed in quantum physics. In day to day life it is understood how the world generally works and how the basic laws of physics come to play. Some examples of this are the following, drop a vase and it will break on the floor due to gravity, push a toy car and it will ride along because pushing something makes it move. Since the turn of the century scientists assumed that all the basic rules of physics applied to everything in nature as well but they did not. Quantum mechanics has also played an important role in technological advances that make modern life possible. Without it the first transistor would not have been invented or the personal computer or laser, and hence no Blu-ray players. Author James Kakalios mentioned in an interview regarding his book titled The Amazing Story of Quantum Mechanics that if you understand and accept the following three ideas, a light is a photon, matter has a wavelength nature associated with its motion and tha...
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...Quantum physics may be able to help doctors locate cancer cells in the body to pinpoint where the cancer cells have spread. These quantum dots glow when they are exposed to ultraviolet radiation and what scientists will be able to do is coat the dots with a material that is attractive to cancel cells. When these quantum dots are injected into the body they will latch on to the cancel cells and will be able to show doctors where to look for the cancer cells.
Works Cited
http://physics.about.com/od/quantumphysics/p/quantumphysics.htm
http://www.pbs.org/transistor/science/info/quantum.html
http://www.quantumintro.com
http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science-questions/quantum
http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/10-ways-quantum-physics-will-change-world.htm
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/everyday-quantum-physics/
The novel, Alice and Quantum Land, by Robert Gilmore is an adventure in the Quantum universe. Alice, a normal teenage girl, goes through quantum land and understands what quantum is and how it works. The quantum world is a difficult one to understand, as its nature is one of complex states of being, natures, principles, notions, and the like. When these principles or concepts are compared with the macro world, one can find great similarities and even greater dissimilarities between the world wherein electrons rule, and the world wherein human beings live. In Alice in Quantumland, author Robert Gilmore converts the original tale of Alice in Wonderland from a world of anthropomorphic creatures into the minute world of quantum mechanics, and attempts to ease the reader into this confusing world through a series of analogies (which comprise an allegory) about the principles of quantum mechanics. Through Alice’s adventure she comes across some ideas or features that contradict real world ideas. These ideas are the following: Electrons have no distinguishing spin, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, Superposition, Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, and Interference and Wave Particle Duality.
First, special relativity describes the laws of motion of an object which moves at high speed. Meanwhile it offered the mass-energy relation which is E=mc^2 (E=energy m=mass c=speed of light). Although Einstein didn’t believe in quantum mechanics2, his mass-energy relation still helped in the establishment of it. Also this relation built the mathematical model ...
In 1864, James Clerk Maxwell revolutionized physics by publishing A Treatise On Electricity And Magnetism (James C. Maxwell, Bio.com), in which his equations described, for the first time, the unified force of electromagnetism (Stewart, Maxwell’s Equations), and how the force would influence objects in the area around it (Dine, Quantum Field Theory). Along with other laws such as Newton’s Law Of Gravitation, it formed the area of physics called classical field theory (Classical Field Theory, Wikipedia). However, over the next century, quantum mechanics were developed, leading to the realization that classical field theory, though thoroughly accurate on a macroscopic scale, simply would not work at a quantum, or subatomic scale, due to the extremely different behaviour of elementary particles. Scientists began developing a new ideas that would describe the behaviour of subatomic particles when subjected to the fundamental forces (QFT, Columbia Electronic Dictionary)(QFT, Britannica School). Einstein’s theory of special relativity, which states that the speed of light is always constant and as a result, both space and time are, in contrary, relative, was combined into this new theory, allowing for accurate descriptions of elementary
The author tells of how waves are effected by quantum mechanic. He also discusses the fact that electromagnetic radiation, or photons, are actually particles and waves. He continues to discuss how matter particles are also matter, but because of their h bar, is so small, the effects are not seen. Green concludes the quantum mechanics discussion by talking about the uncertainty principle.Chapter 5: The need for a New Theory: General Relativity vs.
You know what really makes you and me alike? We are both made up of trillions and trillions of cells, and even smaller atoms. These atoms make up all everyday matter, and till the beginning of the 20th century many people thought they were the smallest building blocks of life. It was then discovered that they too have even smaller parts called subatomic particles. In short, these particles often have interesting characteristics that keep the universe running. Understanding these subatomic particles is crucial towards grasping the idea that all matter is related in spectacular ways. Without these particles we wouldn’t know about the most fundamental building blocks of life, and wouldn’t have particle physics in general. Elementary particles help us understand the specifics about atoms, and without them there would be no standard model. They are rather interesting too: they are found in animals; found in food; found in space. They keep us both alive, and are responsible for many phenomenons. Elementary particles are important to us because they help make up atoms, include the important force carriers, and open up new thoughts and ideas on different topics, like quantum physics.
When people think of comparison and likeness, they rapidly jump to immediate observations and obvious detections. They fail to perceive the more imperative and subtle attributes. Whether anybody knows it or not, everything that inhabits the world and even the universe is alike in at least one way. All of these substances contain matter. Matter is the physical substance which encompasses everything, from dusty nebulas to the food on one’s dinner plate. It can be described as anything that has mass and takes up space. Within this matter are infinitesimal particles called atoms. So far, they are what scientists believe to be the smallest part of anything and can even be synthesized in labs (Oxlade 7.) The knowledge scientists possess of atoms is huge, in contrast to their microscopic size. In fact, modern day scientists would not have even obtained this knowledge if preceding chemists and physicists did not unveil what was covered. They paved the way to the vast expansion of awareness and allowed the atom to be seen in its true form. However, these impeccable discoveries did not spawn from a single human being, but rather from a chronological timeline of coincidental events.
Increasing our knowledge of Physics, using the scientific method to make observations and test hypotheses is essential to unlocking the secrets of the universe. Energy is one of the most fundamental elements of the universe. Throughout history, man has endeavored to expose, understand, and explain how and why things work. This drive to expand our understanding eventually led to the development of the scientific method and what is commonly considered to be the king of the sciences, Physics. The effects of energy on the physical world are of great interest to Physicists. The scientific method was developed during the seventeenth century. It is based on collaborative efforts of the great scientists and mathematicians who lived during that period such as Francis Bacon, Galileo Galilee, Johannes Kepler, and Rene’ Descartes. These men realized that true knowledge must be based on empirical observation and verified by experimentation. Recently, physicists have been searching for a unifying theory to bring all of the fields of Physics together under a single umbrella theory expressed as a short equation. This so called unifying field theory will usher in a new era in physics and greatly increase our understanding of the workings of the universe Physics is the king of science, and Sir Issac Newton is the king of Physics. Physics deals with matter, motion, force, and energy.
The study of neurobiology has long involved the actions and interactions among neurons and their synapses. Changes in concentrations of various ions carry impulses to and from the central nervous system and are responsible for all the information processed by the nervous system as a whole. This has been the prominent theory for many years, but, now, there is a new one to be reckoned with; the Quantum Brain Theory (QBT). Like many new theories, the QBT has merits and flaws. Many people are wholeheartedly sold on it; however, this vigor might be uncalled for. Nevertheless, this could prove to be a valid and surprisingly accurate theory of brain function.
Chemistry is well known as the ‘central science’ due to its relevance and importance within other fields of science. After studying chemistry, biology, physics and politics in year 12 chemistry emerged as particularly fascinating to me; providing understanding of the circumstances and relevance of quantum theory beyond the purely theoretical approach taught in physics and the chemical reasons why many biological processes happen.
The theory of quantum mechanics has divided the atom into a number of fundamental sub-atomic particles. Although the physicist has shown that the atom is not a solid indivisible object, he has not been able to find a particle which does possess those qualities. Talk of particles, though, is misleading because the word suggests a material object. This is not the intention for the use of the word in quantum physics. Quantum particles are, instead, representations of the actions and reactions of forces at the sub-atomic level. In fact, physicists are less concerned with the search for a material particle underlying all physical objects and more interested in explaining how nature works. Quantum theory is the means that enables the physicist to express those explanations in a scientific way.
Quantum mechanics was pioneered by Max Planck, who developed the formula E = hv—which is the base for much of the quantum mechanical field. Quantum theory (the origin of quantum mechanics), as described in Talking Tech, was, at its early core, a handful of theories and hypotheses regarding energy quantization and wave-particle duality (Rheingold and Levine). The book goes on to explain how this realm of science is basically an extension of physics attempting to derive a mathematical specification of how the entirety of the universe operates and behaves at the subatomic level. Conversely, it also describes how quantum theory also diverges from classical physics in that it stipulates that the only...
Russell has applied quantum theory thinking about cause to evolutionary biology (genetics/variation) and explored its implications for divine action in the natural world. Russell uses the backdrop As genetic mutations can be caused by quantum level processes, the quantum effect is demonstrated to have macroscopic consequences (cite) to postulate how a theistic evolution would work through such processes (cite primary Russel).. If occasionalism is taken absolutely into the quantum realm, with God strictly in control of all creation, its significance is intensified into what may be called quantum occasionalism. With increasing knowledge of the complexity of quantum relationships, such an occasionalism would clarify various otherwise inexplicable
To trace the energy of an electron from the time it enters the x-ray circuit until it’s converted to light, start with a standard U.S. 60-HZ AC (alternating current) wall circuit with a nominal root mean square (rms) voltage of 220. An alternating current is created by, electrons moving in one direction and then reversing to move in the opposite direction. Because of this process in electron motion the AC is constantly establishing, collapsing, reestablishing, and re-collapsing its surrounding magnetic field. The incoming line current will supply power in the form of a three-phase power cycle to the main x-ray circuit and filament circuit. A generator, converting mechanical energy to electrical, provides three-phase power. This creates the needed electrical energy for x-ray. There is a primary and secondary side to the main circuit providing low and high voltage. The main circuit will receive and modify incoming line power to the x-ray tube to produce x-rays. The filament circuit provides modified power to the filament of the x-ray tube by passing through the filament step-down transformer. The filament step-down transformer is necessary to decrease the incoming line voltage to the 5- to 15-volt and 3- to5-ampere range needed to heat the x-ray tube filament. Once power is supplied to the main circuit through the main breaker the exposure switch is engaged to allow current flow. The exposure switch controls the process of electromagnetism, with the flow of current electromagnetism is in effect. When tripped, the exposure switch also activates the rotating anode of the x-ray tube. Adjacent to the exposure switch in the main x-ray circuit is the timer circuit. This is used to end the exposure at an accurate preset time. With the tim...
The date is April 14, 2035 a young woman is woken up by the silent alarm in her head. She gets up and steps into her shower where the tiles sense her presence and calculate the water to the precise temperature that she likes. The news flashes in her eyes announcing that today is the tenth anniversary of the day quantum computing was invented. She gets dressed and puts on her favorite hat with a smartband embedded in the rim, allowing her access to anything she needs just by thinking it. Her car is waiting with her trip preprogrammed into it. She arrives at the automated airport to see her associate waiting for her. By the look in his eyes she can tell he is doing a quick online search in his mind. Technology is constantly growing and soon this future will be a reality.
Our first benefactor of atomic theory was John Dalton, a man later nick-named the "Father of atomic theory" for his contribution of many theories and laws to modern atomic theory. His theories answered many questions of skeptical scientists: elements combine with one another to form chemical compounds and the atom doesn't change, atoms link together in definite proportions, all atoms of any element are all the same, the law of multiple proportions which states that a given mass of one element can combine with various masses of another element (or elements) but always in small whole number ratios, and the law of conservation of matter, matter can neither be created or destroyed, but it can change form.