Introduction The role of public health in our society cannot be underestimated. The main goal of public health is to prevent and control diseases with the aim of promoting health. Humans contribute to this health promotion. However, human actions are also responsible to some detrimental health effects. Human behavior through habitat modification has led to the emergence of infectious diseases “Modification of natural habitats by humans is a leading cause of emerging zoonoses” (Battle, 2009, P 32). Humans contribute to this modification through urbanization, agricultural development, manufacturing, recreation, and transportation. These leads to increased risk of transmission of infectious agents due to our close proximity to the natural habitats of these agents “Expanding population centers and rapid growth in animal agriculture are increasing the contact between people and animals, both wildlife and domestic, thereby increasing the risk of transmission of new and resurging infectious diseases” (USGS, 2010). Public health triad is the contact between human and animal populations and the environment “The public health triad involves studying the interactions among humans, animals, and the environment” (Battle, 2009, P 32). These interactions can be analyzed to solve global health problems. ...
... middle of paper ...
... significant part of the population.
Works Cited
Battle C: Essentials of Public Health Biology. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2009.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Emerging Infectious Diseases. Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation and Zoonotic Disease. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/eid/vol11no12/04-0789.htm
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Emerging Infectious Diseases. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/Eid/vol3no4/adobe/vol3no4.pdf
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Hantavirus-Person to Person Transmission. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol3no2/vol3no2.pdf
United States Geological Survey: USGS Science Serves Public Health. Retrieved from http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3004/pdf/fs20103004.pdf
World Health Organization: HIV/AIDS Data and Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/
This is not the first time or even the first animal to have become a problem. Other problem animals such as the feral hogs, Norwegian rats and the German cockroach’s’ are examples of what happens when a problem goes untreated or under treated. In 2011, the Department of the Interi...
Tibbetts, John. "Environmental Health Perspectives." January 2006. Louisiana-A lesson in Nature Appreciation Vol. 114, Number 1. 4 December 2010 .
White-tailed deer, along with the rest of the Cervidae family, are facing a possible epidemic. Although the disease has not spread over the entire range CWD is efficiently transmitted between individuals. CWD is to the best of our knowledge 100% fetal and incubation can take a few years allowing for many possible transmissions. There also at this time is no form of vaccine or treatment for infected cervids. Despite efforts being put forth to control CWD, being a free-range family of animals proves control to be extremely difficult.
The Web. 18 Jan. 2014. Levy, Sharon. A Plague of Deer. BioScience 56.9 (2006): 714–21.
...who have hunted in CWD endemic areas to have their deer or elk tested before they consume the meat in order to prevent ingestion of contaminated meat (Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance).
Exotic animals carry diseases and infections that can be potentially harmful or fatal to humans, jeopardizing the safety of the community. These diseases range in severity from common ringworm infections from African pygmy hedgehogs to lyssaviruses in p...
Common animals that carry these diseases are rats, prairie dogs, and parrots (“Exotic Animals as Pets”). According to Live Science, a science news website, researchers have found that 13 zoonoses, which are diseases transmitted from animals, cause approximately 2.2 million human deaths per year. "From cyst-causing tapeworms to avian flu, zoonoses present a major threat to human and animal health," lead researcher Delia Grace, a veterinary epidemiologist. According to researchers, about 60% of all human diseases are zoonotic, meaning they come from animals. Most zoonotic human diseases come from livestock, such as pigs, chickens, cattle, goats, sheep, and camels (Bryner). If humans would not come into close contacts with animals there would not be as many diseases in the world which would result in less human and animal deaths. According to WebMD, an American corporation that provides health news, advice, and expertise, a very common zoonotic disease in the world today is influenza, also known as the flu. Influenza usually comes from ducks, geese, or pigs and then it spreads to chicken and pigs. Leptospirosis is another example of a human infection that comes from animals. Leptospirosis is caused by contact with water, food, or soil that has been contaminated with urine from infected animals. This infection can lead to liver failure, kidney damage, brain and spinal cord infection, and rarely, death
Even though we have done important things for the treatment, control and prevention of infectious diseases, there are still emerging infectious diseases that are a big problem. One such problem is the relationship between ecology and epidemiology. Ecology is the study of the economy of nature, while epidemiology is the study of the distribution of disease, or other health-related conditions and events in human or animal populations, in order to identify health problems and possible causes. Both of these help to collect data from the field and try to understand how certain organisms survive in their
Research has shown that these effects could potentially give rise to another dire threat to humanity – an increase in infectious disease transmission. It is widely known that environmental conditions have a direct effect on the activity of infectious diseases. Many pathogens and vectors thrive in warm, moist, unsanitary surroundings and therefore reproduce and spread with ease in areas like the tropics and impoverished countries. With the environment rapidly changing, cooler regions that were formerly uninhabitable to some pathogens may soon become warm enough to support them. Other problems stemming from climate change, including decreases in biodiversity, species richness, and habitat loss may contribute to the spread of infectious diseases as
The purpose of this paper is to focus on a subject within my educational field that I can research and inform the public about. I plan to become a veterinarian .which would require my daily contact with humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are risk factors that I have to be aware of in order to protect myself as well as my patients and their owners. Luckily developments in medicine have made it possible to cure zoonotic diseases and even prevent them from ever being contracted.
1998-1999 World Resources: A Guide to the Global Environment. Environmental Change and Human Health. A Joint Publication by the World Resources Institute, the World Bank, the United Nations Environmental Programme, and the United Nations Development Programme. Oxford University Press, New York, NY 1998.
Sabogal, R (2010) Global Environmental Health : Sustainability. Journal of Environmental Health, 73 (3) p26-28.
The ten essential services of public health are a product of the Public Health Functions Project. This Project, developed in 1995in response to President Clinton’s Health Security Act (1993), help define what public health does. The Project refined and expanded the 3 core functions of public health, developed by the Institute of Medicine in 1988, to include and define 10 essential services that should be provided by every public health department in the United States. The Office of Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of Public Health Science, Office of the Secretary, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services worked together and, in the process strengthened the public health infrastructure of our nation. Today, the 10 essential public
Dian Fossey was so driven to protect mountain gorillas because they are an endangered species. Several threats have kept their population from thriving. One threat is disease, especially those which humans are equally as vulnerable to (Ferber, 2000). Tourists enjoy visiting the mountains of Rwanda to admire the gorillas and encourage their safety; however, humans help put mountain gorillas at risk. In 1999, a team of researchers with the Journal of Parasitology noted roundworm parasites in the feces of mountain gorillas (Ferber, 2000). These parasites normally have affected only humans through contaminated water. Early, in 1988, blood and tissue samples of several mountain gorillas indicated measles infection (Ferber, 2000).
Public Health is the science of preventing disease and promoting health through many different ideas and functions by informing society and different community-based organizations. The idea behind Public Health is to protect and serve; it helps improve the lives of countless individuals through promoting a healthier lifestyle, education, research, prevention, detection, and response management. From the beginning, the idea of Public Health has become a stepping-stone that is essential to the longevity of humans and the environment. As society progresses and new advents are created or modified, Public Health