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Effects of hallucinogen drugs on the brain
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Psychedelic Drug Use
Psychedelic drug use has been associated with the “hippie” culture for decades, but can these substances alter society positively today? Though commonly viewed as an abominable subject in society, hallucinogens are a door to a positive revolution, as studied for suppressants against depression and anxiety, links to a more powerful and spiritual connection, and propose an opportunity for a more open-minded-profitable community.
Tobacco destroys the lungs and teeth, alcohol kills the liver, but use of hallucinogens lacks proof of health degeneration. There are approximately 88,000 deaths in the United States yearly due to alcohol use, and 480,000+ deaths due to tobacco use. This death rate accounts for 1/5 of deaths in the United States, more than HIV, illegal drug use, alcohol, and motor vehicle accidents. In fact, “More than 10x as many U.S. citizens have died prematurely from smoking than in all the wars fought by the U.S. in history.” [Center for Disease Control and Prevention] Alcohol is a close leader of cause of death, 3rd leading life style related cause of death in the United States. Confirmed 1.2 million ER visits due to alcohol use, 422,896 ER visits due to cocaine use, 213,118 visits due to heroin use, 93,562 visits due to methamphetamine and amphetamines, and “other illicit drugs such as PCP, ecstasy, and GHB – were involved much less frequently than any of the drug types” mentioned above. [National Institute on Drug Abuse]
Lysergic acid, (LSD), works like serotonin, and is quickly absorbed in the liver and eventually excreted in the urine. This drug works by inhibiting neurotransmitters, stimulating them, or both, which is not dangerous, but a natural occurrence in the brain. LSD “affects the...
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...11 Facts About America's Prison Population." The Washington Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2014. .
• Klotter, Jule. "Psilocybin and advanced cancer anxiety." Townsend Letter: n. pag. Gale Databases. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. . Cures and treatments in cancer and anxiety research
• Warren, Emily Laber. "The 'shroom shift: using psychedelic drugs even once can spark long-lasting changes." Psychology Today: n. pag. Gale Databases. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. . Steve Jobs' experiences with psychedelics. Advances in his mind.
Psilocybin’s chemical structure is C12 H17 N2 O4 P. It has a ring configuration by the name of indole attached to an ethyl amine substituent. Indole’s are aromatic compounds that have a benzene ring attached to a pyrrole ring containing nitrogen. Psilocybin’s chemical structure is derived from an amino acid and tryptamine called trypthophan. It also has a visible structural resemblance with serotonin, a neurotransmitter responsible for “happiness”. Psilocybin is very soluble in water, insoluble in organic compounds and slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol. This due to the ...
Psychedelic drugs were an icon of the 1960s, its role embedded within the rising counterculture in response to the economic, social, and political turmoil throughout the United States. As a means to impose a central power and control social order, federal authorities were quick to ban the recreational and medical use of psychedelic drugs without consideration of its potential benefits. The recent state laws on the legalization of marijuana in Oregon and Colorado with others soon to follow, is a sure sign of an eventual collective shift in the perceptions of psychedelic drugs. Not only does Daniel Pinchbeck document his reflections on the personal consumption of psychedelic drugs in his unconventional novel Breaking Open the Head, he also advances several assertions on modern Western society in his exploration of polarized attitudes on this controversial topic.
Boyer, B., Boyer, R., & Basehart, H. 1973. Hallucinogens and Shamanism M. Hamer, Ed.. England: Oxford University Press.
Stephan, J. J. (2005). Census of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 2005. Washington: The Bureau of Justice Statistics.
The Tragedy of America's Jails. " Newsweek - National News, World News, Business, Health, Technology, Entertainment, and More - Newsweek. Web. The Web. The Web. 05 Mar. 2011.
LSD stands for Iysergic acid diethylamide. LSD is a hallucinate know to be the most powerful drug of this kind. LSD is commonly known as acid. This drug changes a person’s mental state by distorting the perception of reality to the point where at high doses hallucination occurs. Acid is derived from a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. It is semi-synthetic. It’s manufactured chemically in illicit laboratories, except for a small percent, which is produced legally for research.
Psychedelics have always been a controversial subject in the world of drugs because they have the ability to alter one’s perception of reality. L.S.D, MDMA, and psilocybin are three of the main types of psychedelics on the drug market, all three of which are listed as schedule 1 by the DEA. A schedule 1 drug is considered to have a high addiction risk, has no medical value whatsoever, and is illegal to have in your possession. A schedule 2 drug is considered to have the potential for both medical purposes, and abuse. A schedule 3 drug is considered safe for medical use and can only be prescribed by a doctor. I however, believe that psychedelics should be reconsidered for at least schedule 2 as studies have shown an increase in the use of psychedelics in psychotherapy and can even help the terminally ill come to terms with their own deaths.
Methylenedioxymethamhetamine, the compound used in the drug Ecstasy, was developed in Germany in 1914 as an intermediary substance to pave the way to alternative therapeutic medicines. Presently, MDMA is used for a subculture in America and all over the world of "ravers" who spend their weekends taking this unique drug because of its seemingly mind- expanding properties. The truth about this drug is that it fools the body's senses by releasing too much serotonin and possibly permanently damaging important nerve cells in the process.
Hallucinogens or psychedelics are mind-altering drugs, which affect the mind’s perceptions, causing bizarre, unpredictable behavior, and severe, sensory disturbances that may place users at risk of serious injuries or death. Hallucinogens powerfully affect the brain, distorting the way our five senses work and changes our impressions of time and space. People who use these drugs a lot may have a hard time concentrating, communicating, or telling the difference between reality and illusion. Hallucinogens cause people to experience - you guessed it - hallucinations, imagined experiences that seem real. The word "hallucinate" comes from Latin words meaning, "to wander in the mind."
“Of all the Buddhist groups in America, those focusing on meditation have been most attractive to young people from the drug scene, and it is these groups that have taken the strongest stand against drug use. The psychological literature as well as the literature on Zen abounds in descriptions of the altered states of consciousness experienced under the influence of LSD-25 and other hallucinogenic drugs. Descriptions of these drug-induced states often compare them with the experience of satori or enlightenment which may result from Buddhist meditation. Frequently the opinion is expressed that, under certain circumstances, the LSD experience is a satori experience. ”
For more than two decades, there has been extensive debate and controversies on how to understand the extreme use of consciousness-altering drugs or substances. In some quarters, the excessive use of drugs has been understood as a bad habit, immoral act, sin, and crime. On the other hand, the extreme use of drugs and substances has been regarded as a disease, especially ...
“For every family that is impacted by drugs, there are another 10 to 15 families impacted by alcohol abuse. It's a pretty big deal. We have a tendency to only look at part of the puzzle.” (Kevin Lewis). As a society we tend to categorize the severity of addiction in a way that drugs are the most dangerous and alcohol being just a problem. Because alcohol addiction can be a slow progressive disease many people don’t see it in the same light as drug addiction. An addiction to drugs is seen as being a more deadly and dangerous issue then that of alcohol because a drug addiction can happen more quickly and can kill more quickly. Alcohol is something that is easy to obtain, something that is found at almost every restaurant. People with an alcohol addiction can not hide from alcohol as easy as a drug addict. Approximately 7 million Americans suffer from alcohol abuse and another 7 million suffer from alcoholism. (Haisong 6) The dangers of alcohol affect everyone from children with alcoholic parents, to teenagers who abuse alcohol, then to citizens who are terrorized by drunk drivers.
A largely debated topic in today's society is whether or not psychedelic drugs should be legalized for medicinal purposes and if they should, how this legalization would affect the communities in which they’re being prominently medicinally used. Although many scientists have argued that psychedelics pose a mental health risk, closer examination shows that communities would have a significantly lower depression rate if certain psychedelics were legalized. Now to fully understand how psychedelics could be beneficial or the opposite thereof, you’ll need to understand how they work and what they are. What a psychedelic drug is, the immediate effects, both mentally and physically, and how communities might benefit and function with the sudden use of these drugs.
The current situation of drug control in the United States is imperfect and inadequate. Millions of men and women, both young and old, are affected by illicit drug use. It costs the United States about $6,123 every second because of drug use and its consequences (Office). Moreover, 90 percent of all adults with a substance use disorder started using under the age of 18 and half under the age of 15. Children who first smoke marijuana under the age of 14 are five times more likely to abuse drugs as adults than those who first use marijuana at age 18. Finally, the children of alcoholics are four times more likely to develop problems with alcohol (Prevent). Current legislation that has to do with the United States’ drug control policy is the Controlled Substances Act, which regulates the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances (Shannon). In 1966, Congress passed the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act also known as the NARA. This legislati...
Nichols, D. E., & Chemel, B. R. (2011). LSD and the serotonin system's effects on human