Introduction
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is a process where transactions occur over electronic networks, predominantly known as the Internet. E-commerce supports the business-to-consumer markets such as the music commerce, travel, auction houses, retail, and online stockbrokers. Consumers are becoming more comfortable with the new electronic age and all generations are changing behaviors to enjoy the accessibility, simplicity, and readiness for the enticements in online shopping or personal banking. Undeniably, e-commerce changed the way consumers and businesses alike behave. Cyberspace created the now freestanding entity of virtual businesses (v-business) that generated a critical concept of emerging the synergies of new technology with shifting philosophies of a corporate culture towards virtual and globalization. Henceforth, both e-commerce and v-business transcend the abilities of the old brick and mortar storefronts to enable, enhance and transform relationships between consumers, business, and stakeholders.
The advancements in the Internet, e-commerce, and v-business with Internet-based technologies matured the levels of e-commerce in a fashion that Internet-based technologies are now a key portion of an organization’s bottom line (Bissell, 2013). Additionally, the advancements also introduce a growing capability to secure transactions, records, and business practices in cyberspace known as cybersecurity. Cybersecurity is more than a concept dealing with compliance and has grown into an issue of evolving business strategies; companies can no longer implement common security controls and return to business as normal (Bissell, 2013).
Cyberspace
A common fact exists that millions of people around the world ent...
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...Michigan Law Review, 111(4), 485-546. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com
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There are over 2,405,518,376 internet users on a global scale. More than 50% of the world have a form of Internet censorship, and of those countries China, North Korea, Iran, and Vietnam heavily restrict its citizens. This recent topic has reached new heights in the US with the growing number of access to internet. More and more people are debating whether the internet should be censored. Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the internet. This would affect everyone and me. I specifically use the internet to read about controversial view and other information that gets ignored by the media or isn’t circulated anymore. Most of these sites would fall in the black list of censoring. A small percentage of users post conspicuous posts, graphic material, and infringing copyright links. Although inappropriate it shouldn’t demand internet censorship, because it goes against the individual rights of the people. Freedom of speech and press will be restricted by the government. To a point where people would be scared to express themselves, or spread information for they might be punished. Even if their opinion is erroneous and maleficent, it’s still that person’s opinion and he’s entitled to it. Same can be said for the common good everyone should be able to voice their opinions without censorship anywhere. Everyone should also have the access to any information on the internet. If anyone is offended by what is said on the internet, then they can remember to not visit the webpage next time and hold themselves accountable. This paper will examine the issue of internet censorship constituting a violation to the American people individual rights, common good, and the constitution.
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The Internet offers a much greater potential for interactive communication between information senders and receivers than the more traditional methods of communication such as newspaper, radio and television. Freedom of speech ascertained by the constitution is not an absolute right. Depending on the medium through which information is delivered various degrees of the freedom to express one's self is protected. Internet communication may be analogous to either a specific existing communication medium or even several. Current free speech protection begins to dissipate as it is applied to the uncertain confines of the newly developed Cyberspace.
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The rise of the Internet in the last decade has brought about a new form of business that has revolutionized the way in which the companies of today operate. There are many possible explanations for the rise of this form of business in society, and all of these explanations are debatable. The rise of digital information and information technology has created a powerful tool that mutually enables consumers and companies to bring about the transformation of traditional capitalism. Companies such as eBay, an online auction site, have created a virtual marketplace for the collectivity of buyers and sellers, improving the dynamics of capitalism. These companies leverage the accessibility, efficiency and information-richness of electronic commerce using the Internet as a tool for the transmission of information. The capitalistic system remains constant in the traditional physical market place, as well as on the Internet; the difference lies in the efficiency of information transmission.
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freedom of expression on the internet First and foremost, in the United States the freedom of expression is guaranteed in the first Article of Amendment to the American Constitution. It states, "Con
The ability to conduct warfare through technological methods has increased information security awareness and the need to protect an entities infrastructure. Subsequently, cyber warfare produces increased risk to security practitioners that employ technology and other methods to mitigate risks to information and the various systems that hold or transmit data. A significant risk to information lies in the conduct of electronic commerce, hereinafter called e-commerce. E-commerce is the purchasing or selling of goods and/or services through the internet or other electronic means (Liu, Chen, Huang, & Yang, 2013). In this article, the researcher will discuss cyber warfare risks, present an evaluation on established security measures, identify potential victims of identity theft, and present an examina...
The Internet provides a gateway for an individual to speak freely and anonymously without being targeted to what he or she said. With this said, one of the biggest issues concerning the Internet today is freedom of speech. The issue of free speech on the Internet has been a topic of discussion around the world within the past years. It is a unique communication medium and is powerful than the traditional media[2]. Because the Internet can not be compared equally to other mediums of communication, it deserves the utmost freedom of speech protection from the government. The restriction of speech on the Internet takes away from individual's rights and freedom from experiencing the Internet's benefits and uses. Information found on the Internet is endless and boundless and this poses the question, "should the government be allowed to regulate the information and content being transmitted or posted online?"
Cyber crime has become an important concern for not only the business firms, government, law enforcement agencies but also for the common people because these kinds of issues are related to the consumer’s day-to-day activity (Polivanyuk, 2005). Due to these types of crimes, consumer’s money, children, business organization’s integrity, consumer and company’s privacy, etc. are in danger.
While some observers see these developments as signs of the impending ‘end of privacy’ and the rise of ‘surveillance society’ (Castells, 2001; Lyon, 2001), others point to the insufficiency and, ultimately, the futility of governmental interference in cyberspace. The Internet has, right from the beginning, challenged conventional notions of policing and sovereignty which are inevitably linked with territoriality; also this challenge is coming from multiple directions, most important from transnational organized crime. The problem of governing a global space is magnified in cyberspace because, here, social interaction is free from the constrictions of physical space. As illustrated by the case of child pornography, the victim and the offender may be located in different countries. Unlike most ‘real world’ crimes, cybercrime does not require physical proximity between the victim and the offender. The lack of ‘physical’ evidence and the lack of spatial connections make these types of crimes especially difficult to investigate (Brenner, 2007). Policing of the Internet marks an important shift from the policing of territory to the ‘policing of suspect populations’ (Sheptycki, 2002a). Information and communication technologies fundamentally transform the very way in which policing is practiced. Policing cyberspace not only demands inter-governmental intervention, but also needs to organize a number of responsibilization policies on the part of the users of Internet and the service providers. The idea of ‘plural policing’ and the diffusion of regulatory tasks is therefore one of the hallmarks of cyber-governance (Jewkes, 2003).
Electronic Commerce as popularly as E-commerce has become a big deal in our growing economy due to the increase use of online systems. E-commerce now of the fastest growing business in the world. The technology has change the way of business. Business that have physical location have now made it an effort to focus their online business. It is the new sort of business platform where you can make use of different technologies like electronic data interchange or transfer document electronically. Online business is an effective of sales.
E-commerce or electronic commerce is carrying out business communications and transactions through computers and over networks. It involves buying and selling of goods and services through digital communication. E-commerce also includes transactions on the World Wide Web and the Internet and means such as electronic funds transfer, smart cards and digital cash. E-commerce covers outward facing processes that interact with customers, suppliers and external partners such as sales, marketing, delivery, customer service, purchasing of raw materials and supplies for production.
Cybercrime is a global issue plaguing the world. The dictionary defines cybercrime as “crime conducted via the Internet or some other computer network”(Merriam-Webster). The definition remains very broad because the word “cyber” is defined as “relating to the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality.” Due to the growing number of people gaining access to the internet, rapid development of technology, and the globalization of the world, more of the world population is becoming susceptible to involvement in cybercrime – whether it be as a victim or a criminal. Cybercrime involves different levels of the world on both the victim and criminal side from an individual citizen, to small groups, businesses, and the government, to the countries of the world. There are different groups from law enforcement agencies to the U.S. Secret Service, that are attempting to combat the problem through cooperation and preemptive efforts. If these groups combined with the public to protect themselves and the country from criminals that commit cybercrime, the nation’s network and technology servers would be much safer for technology users. Clearly, cybercrime is a problem because it puts internet users at risk of being taken advantage of or harmed.
The high take-up of the Internet leads to variety of opportunities in front of companies. People are more online than ever. They spend many hours each day on Social Networks such as Facebook and Google+. It is no wonder that buying and selling can now be done in a more convenient way. Although traditional shopping is still thriving, online shopping can be an alternative for people wanting to save time and money. If a certain customer plan to go shopping, it could be stressful and also be time consuming. E-business has made shopping or any kind of transactions online much easier and convenient. It introduces new facilities, opportunities and way of shopping for both vendors and customers.