Pro Animal Testing Animal testing has become a wide contribution in medical field in order to find new treatment, developing new medicines and improving the existing ones as well as testing the safety and effectiveness of new medicines. Some medicines development is depending on animal research, for instances, vaccines and insulin for diabetes and kidney transplants. However, there are many diseases that their cures are still undiscovered yet and one of them is AIDS (Tanir, 2012). Frankie L. Trull once said in his article of Animal Test Research Has Saved Many Human Lives, “[…] fight against cancer has seen 24 significant biomedical advances in the past 30 years. None of them could have occurred without animal research.” Therefore, this paper will discuss the importance of animal testing as well as how it plays its roles in medical field. The Breakthrough in Medical Field Researches on animals have been conducted since the ancient Greeks in order to advance human knowledge. Animal experimentation has played a part in many major medical advances, including the development of antibiotics, vaccines, and surgical techniques. According to McGuire, animal testing has helped in providing “antibiotics and vaccines, insulin for diabetes, treatments for leukemia, and has made possible advances in medical technology such as blood transfusion, kidney dialysis, and the heart lung machine” (“Animal Experimentation”). Thus, it is important to continue animal research because there is no other living things that can be used to conduct experiments that has similar living system as human. Experimenting on cell cultures produced inaccurate results compared to animal testing. Other than that, they cannot stimulate muscle, blood or organs that wo... ... middle of paper ... ...himpanzees in AIDS vaccine research. ATLA. 2008; 36:381-4288 Cabrera O, Berman DM, Kenyon NS, Ricordi C, Berggren P-O, Caicedo A. The unique cytoarchitecture of human pancreatic islets has implications for islet cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2006;103:2334-2339 Medical Research Modernization Committee. A Critical Look at Animal Experimentation. Ohio, United States. 2006. Print. Miley, Michelle. Cons Against Animal Testing. 2012. Web. Retrieved by 28April 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/list_7289094_cons-against-animal-testing.html Snouwaert, J N. Brigham, KK et al. 1992. Science. vol 257. pp 1083-1088 Stallwood, Adrian. "Science Corrupted: Revealed: The Nightmare World of GM Mice (Paperback)." Science Corrupted: Revealed: The Nightmare World of GM Mice (Book) by Adrian Stallwood, Et Al. (2013): Waterstones.com. Animal Aid, Feb. 2013. Web. 08 May 2013.
Animal testing is a largely debated and controversial issue. It was first introduced in the United States in the 1920s (Goldberg 85). Since then, there have been many advances in the field of medicine and science. These advances are due largely to the fact that animals are used in experiments and research. Animal testing has given doctors some of their most successful accomplishments. Also, they help researchers discover how to improve long known theories about the human mind and body. Over 40 Nobel Prizes have been given to researchers “whose achievements depended, at least in part, on using laboratory animals” (Trull 64). These animal experiments have helped humans live a better life. Animal testing benefits doctors...
Unlike in the past century, both views have finally reached an agreement in this debate: as of now, a limited amount of rodents, or primates, such as white mice and rhesus monkeys can be tested in the laboratory. Which begs the question, why are these selected fews continue to be subject in gruesome experiment unlike their brethren? Additionally, is their moral status is lesser than others fauna, and shouldn’t they instead receives the same respect as well ? In contrast, does the respect is mutual toward non-animal being, such as bacteria, or virus? Subsequently, these particular question acknowledges the weaknesses in the new conclusion of the debate. From the vast species of the animal kingdom, few primates and rodents species are chosen because these creatures are not domesticated by human. Evidently, it means that society does not have any cultural attachment to them, unlike others animal. As such, there isn’t any incentive to protect their rights. Likewise, microscopic organism, such as bacteria or virus are demonized as a pest, thus their moral rights are not values as well. However, it is far from the truth. Knowing the ongoing directions of the debate, it is imperative to better define the moral status of not only animal, but any living being altogether in order to establish a general code of conduct for future
Historically, the use of animals for experimental purposes dates back to early Greek physician-scientists. Aristotle and Galen both conducted experiments on animals in an effort to contribute to our understanding of science and medicine.1 Claude Bernard later established animal experimentation as part of the scientific method. Known as the father of physiology, Bernard stated that “experiments on animals are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man. The effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree.”1 Bernard’s work strongly influenced the use of animals in biomedical research, which has become a common, and often required, practice today. The American Medical Association (AMA)...
The first pro to animal testing is that it has helped us create lifesaving cures and treatments. The California Biomedical Research Association released a statement saying almost every single medical breakthrough has resulted in the direct use of animals in the last 100 years. Can you believe this? Taking out dogs pancreases helped us discover insulin, chimpanzees helped us get a vaccine for Hepatitis B, and even the polio vaccine was tested on animals. Animal testing has also helped us treat and understand conditions like brain injury, breast cancer, cystic fibrosis, childhood leukemia, tuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, malaria, and many others. It even helped us develop anesthetics, pacemakers, and cardiac value substitutes. Almost every cure for any condition is due to animal testing. Without animal testing, we may not have been able to find many of these cures and find cures for other conditions in the future.
There has been always a debate on the use of the animals in the biomedical research and experimentation. They are being used in this field for centuries now and have proved very beneficial and contributed in medical research far more than expected. With use of animals in research, the medical field has greatly advanced. But in these experiments a large number of animals are killed and animals have to suffer a lot of pain and distress. Considering these pros and corns the question arises, should animals be used in experimentation? Though a large number of animals are being used and sometimes killed in these kinds of experiments but these experiments has advanced the medical field. Animal testing has contributed too many life-saving treatments and cures and there is no satisfactory alternative to testing on a living, physical whole-body system. Moreover, animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings in many ways (genetically, common ancestors, same set of organs etc.) Animals must be used in cases when ethical considerations prevent the use of human subjects. Animal research is highly regulated, with laws in place to protect animals from mistreatment. From this type of experimentation animals also take advantage. Keeping in view all these points, answer to the question is clear. Yes, animals should be used in bio-medical research and experimentation.
Other animals like, cats, mice, hamsters, rabbits, pigs, and sheep are also tested in labs, “animal research has played a vital role in virtually every major medical advance of the last century – for both human and animal health. From antibiotics to blood transfusions, from dialysis to organ-...
Animal testing has been used for developing and researching cures for medical conditions. For example, the polio vaccine, chemotherapy for cancer, insulin treatment for diabetes, organ transplants and blood transfusions are just some of the important advances that have come from research on animals (“Animal Testing”). Consuming animals for research benefits in developing various treatments and also benefits in discovery better methods for cures. According to the article “Animal Testing”, it says that the underlying rationale for the use of animal testing is that living organisms provide interactive, dynamic systems that scientists can observe and manipulate in order to understand normal and pathological functioning as well as the effectiveness of medical interventions. It relies on the physiological and anatomical similarities between humans and other animals (MacClellan, Joel). Meaning that animals have the same body components and features as humans and is the best thing to research on to better understand the human development. Even though several argue that animal testing is harming the animals, one has to think back to all the benefits that has come from it. There may be a little remorse for endangering animal lives, but realizing how far medicine has come makes it worth the while.
For many years, animal testing has been the main solution to test household products, food, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The term “animal testing” refers to the procedure performed on certain animals to determine if a certain product is safe. Most of these procedures done on the animal can cause a great amount of physical pain, and distress. Most animals die shortly after the experiment because so much pain was inflicted on their body. After the testing is done, the animals are left to suffer in cages. The different types of experiments performed on the animals are outrageous. There is even an alternative to animal testing, but scientist refuse to use it, and some people wonder if animals are even needed for medical research.
Millions of animals are used to test consumer products, but they also become victims to experiments for medical research. In The Ethics of Animal Research (2007) both authors state that there have been many medical advances with the development of medicines and treatments as a result of research conducted on animals (para 1). These medical i...
Experimentation on animals in the twenty-first century has unearthed many great findings but also resulted in detrimental consequences to the lives of human beings today. A few positive results of animal testing include: new medicines, surgical procedures, cosmetic products, and many important medical discoveries. Some of these discoveries altered the way we, as humans, will live forever, but most of the experimentations performed to these animals constitute cruel and inhumane. For instance, the barbaric testing of animals in the medical and cosmetic industry causes the unnecessary suffering and death of millions of animals every year. The harsh horror inflicted upon laboratory animals may be easily avoided and replaced with more effective, moral alternatives.
During years, animals have been scientifically used to experiment with the purpose of testing medicines, to develop new cures and to support the scientific advancements. Animal testing is needed to preserve human life. Is why experimentation for medical purposes should be carried out, instead of scientists performing dangerous test in humans.
Medical research is a lengthy process that involves numerous undertakings. Without taking the risks and paying the costs, new findings would not be accomplished. Animal research has been especially beneficial to the field of medicine. Testing on animals should be accepted in the world of scientific studies because it would provide research for diseases, benefit all mankind, surgical procedures, and finally it would save a lot of time.
According to the California Biomedical Research Association, almost every medical advancement in the last 100 years is a direct result of animal testing and research. The use of animals has become standard procedure in a wide range of testing and experimentation, including product toxicity testing, biomedical and veterinary experiments, drug development and testing, and education. Major advancements in treating and understanding chronic conditions such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, malaria, and tuberculosis, have been achieved due to animal research. Also, the development of pacemakers, cardiac valve substitutes, and anesthetics are also direct results of the testing and observation of animals. On the other hand, many people believe that animal testing is cruel and inhumane. In many laboratories animals are subjected to force feeding, food and water deprivation, physical restraints, and infliction of pain. Because the animals cannot protect themselves, many people argue that exploiting animals to better the lives of humans is wrong and should not be permitted.
Animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. As a matter of fact, the California Biomedical Research Associations states that all of the medical breakthroughs in the past 100 years came from animal research. Approximately 26 million animals are used every year in the United States for medical purposes. Animals are used to develop medical treatments, check the safety of products meant for human use, and other biomedical, commercial, and health care uses. Without animal testing, scientists wouldn’t be as far as they are in medicine today.
Animal experimentation is not a modern day research method; Aristotle was one of the first to be recorded to use live animals in his research (Thomassen 2). During his time, religion played a main role in society, making people believe they were supreme rulers over all other living beings on the earth as stated in the bible. Because of this fact, humans and animals were not linked and research was conducted only to learn more about non-human species. It was not until 1859 when Charles Darwin came up with his theory of evolution that human and animal body systems were connected (Thomassen 2). Darwin’s theory sparked the interest of many scientists and initiated the medical research revolution. Through the use of animals for medical research over the past two centuries, scientists were able to generate vaccinations and medications, find innovative surgical methods, and manufacture medical equipment used to save lives. Without animal experimentation, the medical world would not be as...