Scientology
In today's society it is evident that the worlds of science and religion are in a constant battle to explain many of life’s mysteries. Whereas science fields have their theorems and hypotheses, religions have doctrines and dogmas that frequently conflict with a scientist’s view. The age old question of whether science and religion will ever merge positively has been answered by the new religion Scientology.
Scientology is described as an applied religious philosophy that began in the 1950's. It is an all denominational religion which helps an individual to reach his or her fullest potential, and because of its emphasis on self improvement, Scientology has drawn people from 113 countries including a number of celebrities. Scientology considers the individual a spiritual being (a thetan, from the Greek letter theta meaning "thought or spirit") and the goal of the religion is to create a world in which everyone is living fulfilling lives peacefully.
The word Scientology comes from the Latin "scio" meaning "knowing in the fullest sense of the word" and "logos" meaning "the study of". Scientology is symbolized by a capital letter S that is entwined with two triangles, one that represents affinity, reality, and communication, and one that represents knowledge, responsibility, and control.
Scientology finds its roots thousands of years ago when man first realized his spirituality. Since then, Scientology has been influenced by religions such as Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, and Christianity, as well as the teachings of Socrates, Mohammed, Leonardo da Vinci, and Galileo. Although Scientology does not have a dogma concerning God, Scientologists do believe that a divine spirit exists but it is interpreted individua...
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...ogy.org/p_jpg/wis/wiseng/39/39-idx.htm (8 March 1999).
13. Church of Scientology International, What is Scientology?, 137.
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Church of Scientology International. The Holidays of Scientology (1996): n. pag. Online. Internet. 8 Mar.1999. Available <http://www.scientology.org/p_jpg/wis/wiseng/39/39-idx.htm.
Church of Scientology International. The Story of the Church of Scientology of Los Angeles (1996): n. pag. Online. Internet.23 Feb. 1999. Available <http://www.scientology.org/p_jpg/world/worldeng/vrla/ladayt01.htm#photo.
Church of Scientology International. What is Scientology?. Los Angeles: Bridge Publications, Inc., 1992.Hubbard, L. Ron. Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Los Angeles: The American St. Hill Organization, 1950.
Malko, George. Scientology: The Now Religion. New York: Delacorte Press, 1967.
Society strives to feel a sense of belonging. We want to be a part of something that shares the same beliefs as us. We spend our time trying to place ourselves in a group to satisfy these needs, whether it is in a hobby club, a group of friends, or religion. Some people go to more extreme measures and find this in what we call a cult. According to Henslin, a cult is a new or different religion whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion. (2013:405) Cults are often identified with the ideas of mass murder, deviant behaviors, unusual beliefs, and extremely devoted members. Cults are also highly known for their leaders. The leaders of cults usually are the ones that portray the image for the entire group. Successful cults take a strong-minded and, according to Max Weber, charismatic leader.
A cult may be defined as a group of people centred about one person’s religious, social or political ideology (Martin, 2003). It is a movement that venerates a specific person, and uses manipulative techniques to recruit members and raise funds. Cults demand complete obedience from the members and use them to work, provide money and provide sexual favours for the benefit of the leaders. Most cults engage in criminal activities such as child marriages, sexual abuse, kidnapping, assault, arson and even murder (Snow, 2003). Over the years, there has been a brisk rise in the number of people starting up cults and those joining them. Individuals are in a bid to discover their significance through passionate and spiritual experiences, which are provided by cults. Reasons why people turn to cults include loneliness, lack of personal identity and alienation (Martin, 2003). There have been many cults in the course of American history. One of the most infamous cults is the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS). This paper will give a brief history of the cult, its methods of action, the toxic effects of its beliefs and the methods of treatment used for survivors.
As previously stated, most major religions go through a period where they bring in a level of portability, which helps the religion be accessible to a higher number of people. Most religions just want their message to reach as far as it can, so as to save as many people as possible but Scientology prefers to control its message and image more so then the other world religions, so it makes sense in a way that they would take such measures to protect themselves. Though of course, this approach does present an issue with their public image, as they are now seen as being law suit
The cult was mainly composed of men and women both. All members had crew cuts and were between the ages of 26 and 72. Although many members lived together in a mansion in California, they came from all parts of the country. Many were from California, but members also came from Arizona, Colorado, Texas, Florida, New Mexico, Minnesota, Utah, Ohio, and Florida. There were approximatly 39 members who lived in the 1.3 million dollar Rancho Santa Fe mansion. They operated a web site for their cult called “Higher Source”.
Merriam Webster’s Collegiate dictionary defines cult as: 1 : formal religious veneration : Worship. 2 : a system of religious beliefs and ritual; also : its body of adherents. 3 : a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious; also : its body of adherents. 4 : a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator <health cults>. 5 a : great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work (as a film or book); especially : such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad b : a usually small group of people characterized by such devotion.
Anderson, Kevin V. "Report of the Board of Enquiry Into Scientology." The Anderson Report. State of Victoria Australia, 21 Feb. 1997. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.
For years, there have been problems surrounding the definition of the term 'cult'. The literal and traditional meanings of the word cult, which are more fully explored at the entry Cult (religion), come from the Latin cultus, meaning "care" or "adoration," as "a system of religious belief or ritual; or: the body of adherents to same." In French or Spanish, culte or culto simply means "worship" or "religious attendance"; therefore an association cultuelle is an association whose goal is to organize religious worship and practices. The word for "cult" in the popular English meaning is secte (French) or secta (Spanish). In formal English use, and in non-English European terms, the cognates of the English word "cult" are neutral, and refer mainly to divisions within a single faith, a case where English speakers might use the word "sect". Hence Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Protestantism are cults within Christianity. However, in common usage, "cult" has a very negative connotation, and is generally applied to a group in order to criticize it. Understandably, most groups, if not all, that are called "cults" deny this term. Some groups called "cults" by some critics may consider themselves not to be "cults", but may consider some other groups to be "cults". Although anti-cult activists and scholars did not agree on precise criteria that new religions should meet to be considered "cults," two of the definitions formulated by anti-cult activists are: Cults are groups that often exploit members psychologically and/or financially, typically by making members comply with leadership's demands through certain types of psychological manipulation, popularly called mind control, and through the inculcation of d...
Moreover, by obtaining a basic understanding of Scientology and its purpose we can now explore and uncover the answer to a question that sparks the curiosity of outsiders in western civilization; such a question is How did it Begin? The origins of this culture began in the year of 1923 when L. Ron Hubbard started his studies of the mind and spirit. Likewise, such studies resulted in the creation of a manuscript entitled Excalibur; this book was completed in 1938 but was never published. Furthermore, it was in this unpublished work that the word “Scientology” first appeared. The literal interpretation of the phrase means “the study of knowing how t...
A ‘new religion’ is hard to define because scholars have not come up with a true definition of what a religion is. There are many different definitions of religion and what elements a practice must have in order to be defined as a religion. Along with new religions come sects and cults. Sects are movements where the people strayed away from the primary religion in order to create a new form that was seen to be “purer form of the faith,” according to A Concise Introduction to World Religion (Oxtoby Segal 573) These sects would normally be stricter than the primary religion and try to set themselves apart. These sects do not normally last long and they end up dying out and turning into the primary religion again. A cult was just another word for “worship” or at times “religion,” however today the term is normally always viewed in a negative manner. Today a cult is viewed as a group that attempts to brainwash its believers, which is not the case. It is no longer easy to differentiate the different between cults and sects. According to the textbook cults share many traits, like “Cults typically claim to have some special knowledge or insight, or revealed through contact with spirits. Their practice often includes rituals designed to promote ecstatic experiences, and they tend to focus more on individual spiritual experience than institutional organization.” (Oxtoby Segal 573) The most common attribute of different cults would be the leader that is a very powerful person to its followers. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, also known as Mormonism is a popular ‘new religion.’
He first became involved with the organization in 1990 with his first wife Mimi Rogers. Cruise battled dyslexia as a child and claims that scientology helped him overcome the battle. He campaigned for Scientology to become a recognized religion in Europe and promoted various programs that introduce people to Scientology. He even received the Scientology Freedom Medal of Valor in 2004. Scientology is well known for its opposition to drugs made to help with psychic type patients. His views have caused many media troubles as they are not popular and have even caused conflicts with co-workers such as Steven Spielberg. A documentary in 2015, Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief, casted a spotlight on Cruise’s support for and role in Scientology (Biography). Another notable Scientologist in the film industry is John
Cult is a “system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object.” (Sopko). There are different cults all across the world. Cults have distinctly different beliefs and devotions. For instance, some cults that are formed to follow a particular real life figure, and other cults are formed to follow (or worship) a spiritual being that might be part of a certain organized religion. One example of a cult would be the KKK (Ivan).
Lifton, R., foreword, Cults In Our Midst, by Margaret Thaler Singer & Lalich (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1995).
Cults have existed throughout history since the beginning of time. A cult is defined in Webster’s dictionary as a “system of religious worship with a devoted attachment to a person, principle, etc.” Over the past thirty years numerous religious cults have caused “ tens of thousands to abandon their families, friends, education’s, and careers to follow the teaching of a leader they will never meet”(Beck 78).
Many books have been written that discredit the religion of Scientology including Paulette Cooper's book titled The Scandal of Scientology which outlines all of what she believes to be faults in the Scientology religion. Being a biased source I turned from that book to an article printed four years after the death of the founder of Scientology Lafayette Ronald Hubbard. Titled "The Scientology Story "it was a series in The Los Angeles Times that was written to walk through Scientology from the beginning and simply explain the facts. In this unbiased account of Scientology and L. Ron Hubbard, there are many discrediting facts and ideas about the religion that were found. It is these very facts that I will be listing that many of Scientology's greatest critics use to defend themselves (in the case of those in the medical professions ), or to explain why the religions ideas are simply not valid or untrue.
Scientology was founded in 1952 by L. Ron Hubbard. The Church of Scientology has been known to use manipulations such as isolation and lawsuit to keep members in line. Many consider the Church of Scientology to be a church and not a cult because it is recognized by the IRS, but numerous countries refuse to recognize it as a church including, the United Kingdom, Greece, Canada, Germany, and France. Reverend Sun Myung Moon founded the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity in 1954. After 7 years in the church his followers were told they could choose their marriage partners and he became famous for his mass marriage ceremonies. In 1970s, Moon renamed the cult the Unification Church and relocated it to New York City. The cult still exists even though Moon died in 2010.