Proposal for Reparations of African Americans
Due to the fact that many African-Americans cannot trace their genealogy
back more than three generations, It would be extremely difficult to distinguish
between those who are descended from Freemen and those descended from Slaves.
Therefore, although it should have some impact on reparations, we must take into
account those who cannot trace their genealogy( approximately 3/4th of African-
Americans). We also must remember that in essence, no African-Americans were
completely free. Many blacks, Freeman and Slaves alike were lynched, falsely
imprisoned, raped, murdered, and subject to sub-human treatment. It is almost
impossible to estimate the economic hardship caused by slavery and the aftermath
that followed. To this day the African-American family still suffers from the
aftermath of slavery. We see it in the form of Poverty, under-education,
Discrimination, and Black on Black crime. Consider that Blacks are seriously
under-represented in many of our nations top fields. Less than .05 percent of
African-Americans are CEO's in corporate America. Blacks are also a rarity in
Law, Medicine, and higher education, What follows is my estimation of the
reparations needed.
1st generation descendant of slave: 500,000 of Freeman: 350,000 2nd
generation descendant of slave: 350,000 of Freeman: 225,000 3rd
generation descendant of slave: 225,000 of Freeman: 180,000 4th generation
descendant of slave : 180,000 of Freem...
Why should American taxpayers, who never owned slaves, pay for the sins of their ancestors? What about all the Americans whose ancestors arrived here long after slavery ended? How would the economy be affected by reparations payments? How do you put a price tag on 2 1/2 centuries of legalized inhumanity? In what form would reparations be paid? How would you establish who's a descendant? It all still comes down to one basic question, Should the descendents of slaves’ masters have to pay for their ancestors’ direct involvement and economic compensations from the institution of slavery in America? The answer is yes, reparations should be paid to the descendents of slave’s. Since descendents of slaves’ masters still live off the wealth of companies, products, and labor that slaves generated over the course of four hundred years there should not be a doubt in anyone’s mind that slavery should be compensated.
For over 200 years people of African descent were enslaved by Anglo-Saxons, having to endure painful hardships and not really even having an identity. After the Emancipation Proclamation they were supposedly "free" but were still considered a lesser people by many white Americans, even to the present day. But the question that has been posed and that we have read about is whether or not black Americans should receive monetary compensation for their hardships.
As a child in elementary and high school, I was taught that President Abraham Lincoln was the reason that African slaves were freed from slavery. My teachers did not provide much more information than that. For an African American student, I should have received further historical information than that about my ancestors. Unfortunately, I did not have the opportunity or desire to research slavery on my own until college. And with my eagerness and thirst for more answers concerning my African American history, I set out to console my spirit, knowledge, and self-awareness of my ancestors’ history. I received the answers that my brain, mind, and soul need. Although Abraham Lincoln signed the 13th Amendment of the United States Constitution, courageous African American slaves were the real heroes and motivation of the movement.
Slavery has been entwined with American history ever since Dutch traders brought twenty captive Africans to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Slavery in America is a subject with minimal truths and stories rarely told. The public school system excludes the fact that eight of the first twelve American presidents were major slaveholders. Emancipation brought freedom, but not approximation. The civil rights movement killed Jim Crow, but shadows remained. Affirmative Action created opportunities, but racism continues.
Ta-Nehisi Coates, author of the article “The Case for Reparations” presents a powerful argument for reparations to black African American for a long time of horrendous injustice as slavery plus discrimination, violence, hosing policies, family incomes, hard work, education, and more took a place in black African American’s lives. He argues that paying such a right arrears is not only a matter of justice; however, it is important for American people to express how they treated black African Americans.
For 246 consecutive years, blacks have been kidnapped, whipped to death, mutilated, and raped. From 1619 to 1865, these generations of slave families were living as property rather than human beings. History would agree that the crimes done against these set of selected people do not compare to those of other races. Many people don’t know that there were sex slave farms that practiced a process known as “buck breaking”. “Buck breaking” was when a slave master would bind and whip his male slave for defiance. Then this master would proceed to rape the slave in the presence of all other slaves. It has been 151 years since such horrific tragedies, and the ruined descendants of these slaves have yet to be given reparations. Reparation is defined as “the act of making amends, offering expiation, or giving satisfaction for a wrong or injury”
One way would be looking at family history and trees. However there is an issue with this. Most family trees do not connect back to the eras when slavery was in practice and if they do reach that far, most trees would be incomplete. Additionally, there are no black slaves living today. Slavery ended more than 160 years ago at the cost of several hundred thousand lives lost in the Civil War. It is unfair to ask American taxpayers, many of them from families that came to the United States after slavery ended, to pay for the wrongs of slavery. The article by Hawkins further explains this point when he states, “Who would receive reparations? There are no living slaves; so it is impossible to compensate the people who were hurt by the cruel and oppressive practice of slavery. So, would we compensate black Americans in general on the theory that slavery has held them back? Blaming the economic problems someone has today on something that happened to his ancestors almost a century and a half ago seems like one heck of a stretch, but let 's say we buy into the argument…” (2014). Just as Hawkins is saying, there is no way to be sure that these people were truly impacted by slavery and it would be unfair to give a mass amount of help to those who do not deserve it. Additionally, those who receive these benefits may abuse them. Counter arguments have been
In an article by ABC news it was written that “there’s no disputing that African American suffered centuries of enslavement. What’s far less certain, however is what kind of debt is owed to the descendants of those slaves.” They also said “many group of influential lawyers and scholars have profited from slavery.” This goes to show that the people responsible for the enslavement of hundreds of people are profiting from slavery, and that if they did want to pay reparations, they’re unsure how to give it. The article then goes to mention other cases of reparation that have been paid like Germany paying $60 billion to holocaust survivors, and the united states paying $20,000 to over 100,000 Japanese Americans sent to internment camp during world war
Many African Americans were forced to live in poverty, because the events of neo-slavery after Post-Civil War, resulted to seemingly unavoidable poverty, given that their economic and social wellbeing were mostly influenced by the decisions of the whites, rather than the their own decisions. Hence, the many blacks become the stagnant component of the United States society; because even though after they gained freedom they were depicted ‘free people’, in reality they were still the same people not free from slavery, as a result most of them languished in poverty. I believe that this actions of enslaving African Americans through this system is what has led to the present state of things whereby many blacks are still poor because just like in the post-civil war times different forms of enslaving blacks have been put in place for example imprisoning through racial profiling and the concentrating of blacks in inner cities where there are not that many resources such as good schools, social facilities and good jobs which leads to crime and wasting of these people and a criminal justice system that seems to work against black
The United States government should pay reparations to African Americans as a means of admitting their wrong-doing and making amends. The damages African Americans have sustained from White America’s policy of slavery have been agonizing and inhumane. Therefore, I am in favor of reparations for African Americans. The effect of slavery has been an enduring issue within the African American community. Many of us are cognizant of the harm racism brought to the African American race, conveyed through slavery, racial segregation and discrimination. African Americans suffered many atrocities, but the greatest damage done to them was the destruction of they’re original identity. African Americans no longer have a native language or any African customs to connect them to Africa. Today, African Americans are connected together because they all share a common foundation-the horrendous experience of slavery-and the great effort to conquer its lingering result.(www.AcedemicLibrary.com)
Unlike the original document which consisted of Jefferson describing physical characteristics of Blacks and Indians and how he perceived their lifestyles. The second document “Thomas Jefferson on the Indian’s Future” actually talks about Jefferson’s political stance regarding the Indians, which is essentially he wants to steel all their land. In his letter to Harrison Jefferson talks in detail about his plan to force the Indians into giving up their land. He states, “we shall push our trading uses, and be glad to see the good influential individuals among them run in debt, because we observe that when these debts get beyond what the individuals can pay they become willing to lop them off by a cession of lands.”(7) Jefferson writes that eventually the settlements will eventually
Slaves gained their freedom, temporarily enjoyed the moment, but then found out they were eventually slaves again through economic systems prejudiced against them. Reconstruction allegedly emancipated all slaves and established citizenship to African Americans who had been perpetually controlled with the chains of captivity. However, they are still trapped because of the Jim Crow laws, poll taxes and literacy tests. Unemployed African Americans were treated as beggars, detained, and made to work without real income. Enormous statistics of ex-slaves could only labor as sharecroppers: tenant farmers are eternally in debt, and mandated to give a hefty cut of the reap to their property landlords, obligated to purchase food at inflated values from
In conclusion, despite the popular belief that blacks deserve reparations for their past treatment, our country cannot and should not afford them special treatment on
Bouie argues, “The case for reparations, in short, is straightforward. As a matter of public policy, America stole wealth from black people, denied them a shot at prosperity, and deprived them of equal citizenship” (Bouie). Coates, in his article, never tries to make an argument for reparation, merely introduces the HR 40 bill, which would authorize a study of reparations by the American government. The point of the bill is to shed light on racial inequalities, both past and present, that many people are ignorant of, but still benefit from. Coates’ goal is for the country to really acknowledge white supremacy, and the role that it played in our country’s history. I agree that the country should be aware of his true roots, how our country was built on the back of stolen labor from slaves, but simply acknowledging is not enough. Coates is probably hoping that once the country comes to terms with just how much white supremacy and racial inequality is engrained into our culture, then the policy changes will follow. That may be a good approach to take, or perhaps we should demand reparations for those wrong now, instead of waiting and relying on the goodwill of the government to do what is right. What I want to discuss now is what these reparations would look
A. The Reconstruction period took place after the Civil war from 1865-1877 by Abraham Lincoln to rebuild the South that occupied Union soldiers. There were many changes that affected African-Americans, such as amendments 13-15, which gave them certain rights. This period was very important for Blacks in America, it was the time when they were completely free from slavery and the citizenship changed how they lived their lives. They were given civil rights, which gave them the right to sue or sit on juries, voting, and owning property. This time frame also gave us the creation of the first public school systems in the South. There were changes in the labor force and working conditions, which came about with sharecropping. (Norton, 2015)