Our text describes a number of disorders with an irresistible impulse-usually one that will ultimately be harmful to the person affected. However, DSM-IV-TR includes fives additional impulse-control disorders (Called impulse –control disorders not elsewhere classified) that are not included under other categories…intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, pathological gambling, trichotillomania, and kleptomania.
Kleptomania (impulsive stealing)
Origin
Kleptomania is a strong desire to steal. Often a kleptomaniac person steals things he could have bought easily or things that are not at all expensive. The person steals just for the tension or the kick. Kleptomania can be the result of emotional shortcomings during the youth.
The DSM IV says about Kleptomania:
DSM-IV 312.32 KleptomaniaDiagnostic Features
The DSM-IV states that the essential feature of Kleptomania is the recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal items even though the items are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value
1. (Criterion A). The individual experiences a rising subjective sense of tension before the theft
2. (Criterion b) and feels pleasure, gratification, or relief when committing the theft
3. (Criterion C).The stealing is not committed to express anger or vengeance, is not done in response to a delusion or hallucination
4. (Criterion D), and is not better accounted for by Conduct Disorder, a Manic Episode, or Antisocial Personality Disorder
5. (Criterion E). The objects are stolen despite the fact that they are typically of little value to the individual, who could have afforded to pay for them and often gives them away or discards them.
Occasionally the individual may hoard the stolen objects or surreptitiously return them. Although individuals with this disorder will generally avoid stealing when immediate arrest is probable (e.g., in full view of a police officer), they usually do not preplan the thefts or fully take into account the chances of apprehension. The stealing is done without assistance from, or collaboration with, others.
Symptoms
Kleptomanics have an irresistible inclination to steal. Often they throw away the stolen goods. They are mostly interested in the kick of the stealing itself. Although psychiatrists consider kleptomania as a disease, this is not a legal excuse in front of an American or British court.
DSM-IV 312.32...
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...ing away with it" produces a chemical reaction resulting in what shoplifters describe as an incredible "high" feeling. Many shoplifters will tell you that this high is their "true reward", rather than the merchandise itself.
· Drug addicts who have become addicted to shoplifting describe shoplifting as equally addicting as drugs.
· 1 in 5 adults say they started shoplifting in their teens.
· 57% of adults and 33% of juveniles say it is hard for them to stop shoplifting, even after getting caught.
· Most non-professional shoplifters don't commit other types of crimes. They'll never steal an ashtray from your house and will return to you a $20 bill you may have dropped. Their criminal activity is restricted to shoplifting and therefore, any rehabilitation program should be offense-specific for this crime.
· U.S. Retailers lose $25 Million a day, or $10 Billion a year, to shoplifting
· The Retail Industry in the U.S. loses $53.6 Billion a year due to internal loss (employee theft)
Shoplifting is a plague that is sweeping this nation. Because shoplifting has become such a problem, stores are forced to raise prices to make up for lost sales. This is not their fault, however, few people put the blame where it belongs. The thieves that plague our economy are to blame and the stores have every right to try to stop these people at all costs.
The actions of thieves can be related to a slippery slope. They may start out by stealing something small, but nothing is keeping them from stealing something of more worth, so the tendency is to escalate their behaviors.
Masci, David. “Preventing Teen Drug Use.” CQ Researcher, 15 March, 2002, Volume 12, No. 10. Accessed October 1, 2003,
These items are sought after due to the fact that they are used as currency in the low income neighborhoods and are easily sold at local flea markets and to some of the local convenience store owners at a profit (Finklea, 2012). The volume of people who patron the Wal-Mart Supercenter makes it difficult to apprehend all theft suspects. As a result of the missed apprehensions, the perceived threat of apprehension on the part of the criminal is minimal. This minimal expectation of apprehension does little to deter the theft activities from occurring (Hayes, Downs, & Blackwood, 2012). During the times of the economic slowdown, Wal-Mart will occasionally reduce its loss prevention staff which exacerbates the theft problem (Gravelle & Rogers, 2011). As Wal-Mart reduces the number of loss prevention officers in the store, the probability of a successful apprehension
...eir welfare as efficiently as they possibly can. According to Harberger (2008), “This process helps them to decide what they will supply and what they will demand,” essentially the ideology that birthed this statement translates into opportunity cost. Forgone opportunity, “or the best alternative sacrificed for a chosen alternative,” Tucker (2013), from the consumer or firms perspective, revolves solely around what they must sacrifice varying from factors of production to the establishment of mutually beneficial alliances with other consumers or firms, etc. Nevertheless, in conjunction with supply and demand, these two primordial concepts form a platonic relationship that generates countless influential possibilities with respect to the decisions made by consumers and or firms in order to truly generate what they perceive as the most efficient use of their resources.
Robertson, E. B., David, S. L., Rao, S. A., & National Institute on Drug Abuse (2003). Preventing drug use among children and adolescents: A research based guide for parents, educators, and community leaders (2nd ed.). Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse.
People all over the U.S. commit crimes. Shoplifting is most popular, it happens every day causing stores to pay hundreds of millions each year. There's no typical shoplifter — people who steal from stores can be any age, race, gender, and social and economic background.
Why do people shoplift? It is the public, sibling, or just want to gain attention. I have been told if I don't want any trouble I should keep my mouth shut. There are approximately 27 million shoplifter and 25 percent are kids, 75 percent are adults. A shoplifter would steal at least twice a week. In my case it was more than twice a week. I soon learned that shoplifting is a controllable real-life game with no real outcome.
take someone else’s property, either secretively or by force. In business, theft is to take or keep
It is amazing to see how far we have come in such a little time in regards to medicine and science. Even in just the last 100 years so much has been discovered and learned. The human mind is a very complicated and fascinating thing, and then when mental abnormalities are thrown in, it becomes an amazing thing to study. There are so many mental illnesses and disorders out there now, and still more still to be discovered and diagnosed. The DSM-5 explains different clusters of personality disorders that have already been discovered and learned about. Cluster B in the DSM-5 lists ten personality disorders that include the histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorders. These disorders are considered the dramatic and erratic personality disorders and share problems with impulse control and emotional regulation (DSM-5: the 10 personality disorders: cluster b).
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“Taking is the act of obtaining physical possession or control of another’s property (Gardner & Anderson, 2012, p. 349)”. Retail theft or shoplifting has always been an issue for merchants. Shoplifting is defined as the unlawful concealment and/or taking of property offered for sale and as an attempt to deprive the owner of said property, usually the retail merchant, and the possession of that property without paying for it (Thomson Reuters, 2014). Taking in shoplifting cases can also be described as willful intent to deceive by way of
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