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Interviewing Techniques
The Interrogation Interview
Interviewing Techniques, The Interrogation Interview
Introduction
We are going to look at the use of interviewing techniques by those who investigate. As a result of interviews conducted after accidents and criminal offenses, the interviewer must be able to analyze witness statements in order to translate witness observations into facts and create logic from confusion. The interviewer must have an understanding of those factors that affect witness reporting. The gathering of witness information comprises about 50 percent of the investigating technique, the remaining 50 percent hinges on the ability of the interviewer to analyze and apply his or her knowledge to the sometimes seemingly unrelated observations of the witness. We shall see that even the most sincere of witness statements may not be reliable without corroborating evidence.
Listening
Since interviewing is a communication skill, some mention should be made of listening habits of the interviewer and some pitfalls one may face. Lets look at some poor listening habits and what we can do about them.
Faking attention should never be done. There are many reasons why a listener may fake attention to someone who is speaking. It may be the speaker’s vocabulary, tone of voice, dress, or mannerisms. Faking attention can be overcome by tolerance and patience. By faking attention you may miss a vital detail of the accident or offense and the witness may not relate the information a second time.
Distractions should be avoided or minimized. This problem can be a pitfall for both you and the witness. If the interview is taking place at the scene it should be conducted at a place with the least number of distractions as possible. Distractions may be noise, movement, vehicles, or machinery. Even a squeaky chair or an unbalanced chair can be distracting. When there are many distractions you should restate questions and give feedback to the witness.
One of the biggest pitfalls is listening with your mouth open. As an interviewer you should know when to just listen and keep your mouth shut. It is almost impossible to listen to a witness if you are talking. Let the witness talk if he or she is willing. If it is necessary to clarify a point, it may be better to wait for the witness to finish before talking and then go back over the area needing qualification....
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...witnesses separately and away from each other. When contacting them to set an interview if the witness is given an easy out or feels that the interviewer doesn’t really care, there is a good possibility that the witness will decline the interview. Always use courtesy in conducting the interview, if you are rude, brusque, or abusive the witness will sense it immediately and turn off or hold back. If a witness has problems remembering details and the sense that the interviewer is becoming impatient or losing interest, the witness may well terminate the interview or become frustrated. Always take notes but be prepared to cease note taking if the witness becomes distracted and that exaggeration is likely to creep into testimony if the witness has repeated the observation several times.
Interviewing is a communication skill and like any other skill it takes practice to become effective.
References
Hamilton, C. (2001). Communicating for Resultes (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Yhomson Learning.
Rabon, D. (1992). Interviewing and Interrogation. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
Zulawski, D. E. (1992). Practical Aspects of Interviewing and Interragation. New York, NY: CRC Press.
Miner, E. M. (1985). The importance of listening in the interview and interrogation process. Retrieved April 6, 2014, from http://facultysites.necc.mass.edu/pzipper/files/2009/09/Importance-of-listening.pdf
Interviewing can occur in a formal format, such as in a police station, but can also be as simple as a conversation between two, or more, individuals (Holmgren, 2017, p. 12). The purpose of interviewing can vary depending on the situation, but a variety of factors, such as verbal cues, non-verbal cues, and the environment, are all influential parts of the interview (p. 2-5). Interviewing is a crucial part to part of the justice system because it builds a relationship between the participants in a case and can have a impact on the information available in a case (p. 12).
...xpert witnesses. Interviews and statements can be used in court if they are documented properly. The expert witness is used to support the evidence that has been obtained. These three things can preserve the discovery and support the case in court.
Of the 75 names; 14 are American born with in years of one another. In the 1860’s to 1870’s the United States economy went through the greatest transformation ever. The list is saying, “If you were born in the late 1840’s you missed it,” basically saying you missed out on being successful (56). Gladwell uses logic through the charts on pages 56-61, he has evidence that his study is real through the charts. He gives examples of people who have good reputations and everyone know who they are, such as, The Beatles. -MORE
Interviewing is a procedure which recounts to a controlled situation in which one person asks a chain of questions to another person, relating to a specific field (Sommers-Flanagan and Sommers-Flanagan, 2008, p. 18). Interviewing skills are pivotal in making an interview more effective, as it is an overall judgement of candidate’s capabilities (Interviewing skills, 2002, p. 8). The process of Interviewing is divided into five phases i.e. Introduction, opening, body, closing, and termination (Sommers-Flanagan and Sommers-Flanagan, 2008, p. 144). According to Sommers-Flanagan and Sommers-Flanagan (2008, p. 145-154), introduction also named “initiation”, is the initial phase in which the interviewer explains his role, confidentiality policy, rules and regulations, and the purpose of the meeting. Also a person is put at ease and a short informal talk, develops a therapeutical relationship. Then the opening commences with the first question which is more about the person’s current concern (Sommers-Flanagan and Sommers-Flanagan, 2008, p. 154-160). The body or “exploration” phase is the main section of interview as major information regarding the ...
The first phase of the interview process is planning details of what the interview will consist of. A witness assessment is what allows interviewers to find out information about the child and what happened to the child. The interviewer collects information about the child such as the name, age, gender, ethnicity, current living situation, physical/learning disability, medications taken, emotional state, any contact with public services, and relationship to the offender (Lamb, Michael E.; La Rooy, David J.; Malloy, Lindsay C.; Katz, Carmit (2011). It’s useful to find what hobbies may interest the child to build a connection with them. It also helps to find out any misunderstandings of the event that could lead to a false accusation (Forensic Interviewing Protocol). This helps distinguish any possible missing information and if the child is being accurate with their story.
When children are giving eyewitness testimony’s, the investigators techniques are a little different in terms of the repetition of questions. This is sometimes to get them to remember more information from when they asked it in the first instance. Whilst law enforcement are questioning ch...
his/her own witness as well as a presentation of defense by his/her attorney in order to conflict
...s quite an interesting statement for me, because I never considered myself a bad listener. This interview process provided me quite a lot of insight into the field of Human Resources and has given me one more item to add to my bucket list…become a better listener.
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