The beginning student of chemistry must have a knowledge of the theory which forms the basis for our understanding of chemistry and he must acquire this knowledge before he has the mathematical background required for a rigorous course of study in quantum mechanics. The present approach is designed to meet this need by stressing the physical or observable aspects of the theory through an extensive use of the electronic charge density.
The manner in which the negative charge of an atom or a molecule is arranged in three-dimensional space is determined by the electronic charge density distribution. Thus, it determines directly the sizes and shapes of molecules, their electrical moments and, indeed, all of their chemical and physical properties.
Since the charge density describes the distribution of negative charge in real space, it is a physically measurable quantity. Consequently, when used as a basis for the discussion of chemistry, the charge density allows for a direct physical picture and interpretation.
In particular, the forces exerted on a nucleus in a molecule by the other nuclei and by the electronic charge density may be rigorously calculated and interpreted in terms of classical electrostatics. Thus, given the molecular charge distribution, the stability of a chemical bond may be discussed in terms of the electrostatic requirement of achieving a zero force on the nuclei in the molecule. A chemical bond is the result of the accumulation of negative charge dens...
In the first chapter of Nathan Hatch’s book, The Democratization of American Christianity, he immediately states his central theme: democratization is central to understanding the development of American Christianity. In proving the significance of his thesis, he examines five distinct traditions of Christianity that developed in the nineteenth century: the Christian movement, Methodists, Baptists, Mormons and black churches. Despite these groups having diverse structural organization and theological demeanor, they all shared the commonality of the primacy of the individual conscience.
Mckervey, M. A.; Tuladhar, S. M.; Twohig, M. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 1984, 129.
Fig 1: Applications of single molecule spectroscopy in solving scientific problems in Physics, Chemistry and Biology
Deborah Tannen wrote “ Talk in the Intimate Relationship” to help people learn something about how men and women's interactions differ. She is a language scholar and has past experience of failed relationships and she feels as though this was because of lack of communication. Her main focus is on metamessages, these are messages that go beyond what we say. She states that the people that are literal minded, miss out on the context of what communication is. What this essay will consist of being what Tannen calls metamessages, summarizing her article on how men and woman talk, deciding whether Tannen is favorable to both genders and last but not least if I agree to an extent with Tannen says in her article.
Martha Nussbaum makes an important point when she suggests that literature is useful when it comes to understanding philosophy and philosophical concepts. In particular, Simone de Beauvoir’s All Men Are Mortal is useful in the way that Nussbaum describes because the treatment of existential concepts in the book allow the reader to gain insight into the life of a committed existentialist and into the desirability of this type of life. The book does so by being more accessible to readers and reaches a wider audience since it is not written using jargon like many dense philosophic writings. Also, the literary treatment of existentialism is insightful because the universal human desires and dilemmas that are explored inclines the reader to imagine
In this experiment, we computationally predicted the dipole moments of 5 different analyte molecules using the program Spartan. We constructed the molecules online as the program then calculated their dipole moments (polarity). We then experimentally determined the 5 analyte molecules retention factors using the TLC method in the lab. Polarity in organic chemistry refers to a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule having an electric dipole moment1. To determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar depends on a molecules structure. This is done by comparing the electronegativity’s of each element in the molecule that are bonded to each other. If a molecules dipole moment eliminates each other due to its symmetrical shape, it is considered to be
Do men and women effectively communicate in the same way, or is it just a conversation of misunderstanding? There is constantly a new interest in whether men and women converse successfully. Professor and journalist, Deborah Tannen writes, “Sex, Lies, and Conversation: Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other?” Tannen compares and contrasts all conversational styles, and explains how the expectation of dialogue affects how men and women converse. Tannen focuses on the subject of marriage and the imbalance of interest between male and female couples. The contrasting perspective however comes from, Deborah Cameron, author of, “What Language Barrier”. Cameron conveys that the stereotypes left upon male and female communication
One of the most noted proponents of early French existentialism, Albert Camus, composed nearly a dozen superb literary works dealing with this philosophy. His first novel, The Stranger, and a later book, The Fall, are recognized as two masterpieces of philosophical literature, not only in the context of Camus’ own work, but in the broad scope of philosophy as well.
The author’s purpose in writing this book is many. One of these is to give students knowledge in the basics of chemistry. This book is an introduction to the life of chemistry itself. The theme of this book are elements, atoms, the periodic table, matter, chemical reactions, thermodynamics, DNA, electrochemistry, reaction rate, equilibrium, solutions, and much more! More broadly, the theme if this book is chemistry and its importance of it in our lives. There were many main points interesting to me, but here are a few.
Smith, Roland. Conquering Chemsitry: HSC course. 4th ed. Vol. 1. N/A: Cengage Learning Australia, 2010. 74-90. 1 vols. Print.
Hohenberg and Kohn (1964), Kohn and Sham (1965) published two seminal papers laying a strong foundation for Modern Density Functional Theory (DFT). They found that the wave function is over specified (similar to Dirac 's observation) and a two electron probability density is good enough to get the molecular energy. DFT formalism has a lot of inherent assumptions, such as Local Density Approximation and the choice of functional has to be tackled carefully [5]. The main advantage of DFT is its ability to handle large systems and the low computational cost associated. Also DFT can be employed to get the interaction potentials in Molecular Dynamics runs thus incorporating a more accurate description of underlying electronic potentials. DFT helps in the calculation of a wide range of molecular properties of real physical significance. DFT spurred the growth of solid state physics. Peter Puschnig [6] gave an extensive list of DFT applications which are reproduced here: Structural properties (lattice parameters, elastic constants, equilibrium geometry, etc.), electronic structure (band structure, density of states), lattice dynamics (vibrational frequencies, phonon density of states, vibrational entropy), electron density (charge rearrangements, electric field gradients), spectroscopy (photoemission, optical absorption, Raman scattering, Compton scattering,
Author Deborah Tannen became well known for composing her book, “You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation.” Like Gray, Tannen includes her perception on how men and women differ in communication. In addition, she includes her observations on how early does the differences occur. Tannen states that gender difference in communication styles appear at a young age. She then supports her claim by providing how young boys and girls achieve friends. They young boys created relationships with one another by doing things together. Young girls created relationships by simply talking to one another. According to Tanner, men only will approach conversations with the goal of “transmitting information” or “offering advice” (Tannen, 1990). She also includes that when women are discussing a problem within one another, the women form a bond together and seek to maintain an intimate relationship. However, when men hear women talking about problems, they offer a quick solution and then dismiss the problem. These results give the belief of why there are more woman social workers and counselors than males. Tannen’s book helped explain why women find men as insensitive. For example, if a couple is talking and the female directs a conversation to a conflict that she’s having, the male wouldn’t show as much compassion. He would only offer solutions to the problem and then try to direct
Whether you are a student, a business man/woman, a buyer for a major company, or any person in general that interacts with cultures different than their own, you may find yourself in a situation where a cultural misunderstanding has occurred. These situations can cause embarrassment, trust issues, or even end a relationship. For these reasons, it is important to be prepared when interacting with someone from a different culture. Erin Meyer, the author of The Culture Map, and a professor at INSEAD, one of the leading international business schools, specializes in providing strategies for working with multicultural teams and overcoming misunderstandings (Meyer). In The Culture Map, Erin goes through
As a Muslim one must believe the existent of jinn other ways he or she is denying the creation of Allah. Also if a one rejects their present he or she also is refusing existent of the worst enemy of human beings which is Satan or in Arabic Shaydan(Surah I-an am
The problem of small oscillations can be solved through the study of molecular vibrations which further, can be introduced by considering the elementary dynamical principles. The solution for the problem of small oscillations can be found out classically, as it is much easier to find its solution in classical mechanics than that in quantum mechanics. One of the most powerful tools to simplify the treatment of molecular vibrations is by use of symmetry coordinates. Symmetry coordinates are the linear combination of internal coordinates and will be discussed later in detail in this chapter.