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Of the diagnostic methods available to veterinarians, the clinical chemistry test has developed into a valuable aid for localizing pathologic conditions. This test is actually a collection of specially selected individual tests. With just a small amount of whole blood or serum, many body systems can be analyzed. Some of the more common screenings give information about the function of the kidneys, liver, and pancreas and about muscle and bone disease. There are many blood chemistry tests available to doctors. This paper covers the some of the more common tests.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is an end-product of protein metabolism. Like most of the other molecules in the body, amino acids are constantly renewed. In the course of this turnover, they may undergo deamination, the removal of the amino group. Deamination, which takes place principally in the liver, results in the formation of ammonia. In the liver, the ammonia is quickly converted to urea, which is relatively nontoxic, and is then released into the bloodstream. In the blood, it is readily removed through the kidneys and excreted in the urine. Any disease or condition that reduces glomerular filtration or increases protein catabolism results in elevated BUN levels.
Creatinine is another indicator of kidney function. Creatinine is a waste product derived from creatine. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus and blood levels are useful for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Muscle tissue contains phosphocreatinine which is converted to creatinine by a nonenzymatic process. This spontaneous degradation occurs at a rather consistent rate (Merck, 1991).
Causes of increases of both BUN and creatinine can be divided into three major categoriesprerenal, renal, and postrenal. Prerenal causes include heart disease, hypoadrenocorticism and shock. Postrenal causes include urethral obstruction or lacerations of the ureter, bladder, or urethra. True renal disease from glomerular, tubular, or interstitial dysfunction raises BUN and creatinine levels when over 70% of the nephrons become nonfunctional (Sodikoff, 1995).
Glucose is a primary energy source for living organisms. The glucose level in blood is normally controlled to within narrow limits. Inadequate or excessive amounts of glucose or the inability to metabolize glucose can affect nearly every system in the body. Low blood gl...
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...ecomes less invasive to the patient. The more information that is made available to the doctor allows a faster diagnosis and recovery for the patient.
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A 54 year old female was presented with complaints of lethargy, excessive thirst and diminished appetite. Given the fact that these symptoms are very broad and could be the underlying cause of various diseases, the physician decided to order a urinalysis by cystoscope; a comprehensive diagnostic chemistry panel; and a CBC with differential, to acquire a better understanding on his patient health status. The following abnormal results caught the physician’s attention:
People often suppress traumatic experiences to avoid them, or to stop the realization that what happened was real. For example, in “The Man in the Black Suit,” Gary’s brother dies horribly in a freak accident while playing in the field. He is stung by a bee, something that has happened to Gary multiple times, and the boy is forced to watch his father carry his brother’s lifeless body back to the house. He has nightmares about it, but he never speaks of it. He blames himself, survivor’s guilt. Gary believes his brother was innocent, and did not deserve to die. Later, after Gary narrowly escapes from the devil, he tells no one of it until he is on his deathbed. Even then, he writes it down for his family to find after he passes on. Gary is completely unwilling to tell anyone about his encounter with the devil during his childhood. He suppresses his experience and distracts himself throughout his life. Often people do not want to think
In this career about there are approximately an average of 2600000 people employed. There is many duties in this field but the main achievement in this field is to maintain a stable and healthy life towards a patient. This is not always going to be a success one day you might have to deal with an unexpected health issue that can no longer be cured. You may pass by this situation quite frequently that doesn’t mean you’re a bad nurse.
3. Other Causes. Factors that can cause transient increases in urinary protein include emotional stress, fever, exposure to extreme temperatures, dehydration, medications, and strenuous exercise. Some medical conditions, however, can cause proteinuria that needs further investigation, such as heart dise...
Glomerulonephritis is a disease that causes the inflammation of kidneys’ filters. The kidneys’ filters are in charge of remove the waste from the blood, and then excreted it as urine. Even though Glomerulonephritis can be caused by itself, diabetes and lupus can ...
Discrimintaion and equality in society is faced amongst people every day. One certain subject that seems to get most of this attention is whether or not homosexual couples should be able to adopt. Same sex couples should be able to adopt children for many reasons. Children that are raised by same sex parents are predominantly taught to be more open minded, have a greater sense of tolerance, and are thought of to be role models for equality in relationships and life. Most would say that these children will face issues regarding their parents sexual orientation, but this is not so. Children of same sex parents have studied to show very few differences in achievement, mental health, and social function as a child that is raised in a heterosexual household. Same sex parents will allow their child to express themselves through different talents and other attributes that there child seems to be indulged in. These children are often showing more loving, nurturing ,and outgoing behaviors that is exposed to them through gay parenting.
Nurses are nice, caring, loving people that will try everything they can to help them get a better understanding of their symptoms. Nurses help their patients by explaining their symptoms in easier ways. Nurses are always listening to their patients to understand what their trying to say and so they know how their feeling. Registered nurses are loving people who love all their patients. People that want to become nurses need to have a loving heart and would love to help people out. People who love helping others should become a registered nurse.
All around the world there are thousands even millions of children who are waiting to be adopted. Many who are troubled children, and for that reason they are from foster home to foster home. The ideal American "family" is with a man and a woman. In the United States we have same-sex couples who are wanting to adopt, but they are being turned down due to their sexual preference. Same-sex relationships are much more stable than the average heterosexual relationship. Having a stable relationship ensures an emotionally steady home for a foster child. “Good parenting is not influenced by sexual orientation. Rather, it is influenced most profoundly by a parent’s ability to create a loving and nurturing home” (“LGBT Adoption”). Same-sex couples are more likely to adopt “hard to place” children with challenging behavior or disabilities.
Nursing is used for better patient care and to heal the patient back to normal. As nurses they make sure the vital signs are in normal range and try to manage the homeostasis of each patient. If something is too low or too high the nurses are train what to do in that certain situation. When nurses heal somebody their making that patient whole again and back to normal. Critical thinking plays a big role in nursing. For example, if a patient has a history of
The chemistry test shows the levels of electrolytes found in the blood: sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. Imbalances in these electrolytes can cause complications, which especially in the case of potassium, can be deadly. Also shown by the chemistry test, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels can show how well the patient’s kidneys are functioning in filtering waste from the blood. Trauma and blood loss can affect how the kidney’s function not only in filtering waste, but also in acid-base balance, and balancing electrolyte levels. Another marker of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate, which measures the rate filtrate is created by the glomerulus of the kidney (Winkelman, 2016). This is controlled by the kidneys themselves, meaning changes in the function of the kidneys can lead to an altered filtration rate (Winkelman, 2016). Lactic acid is measured by the chemistry test also, and an increase in lactic acid can signify acidosis caused by the lactic acid being formed by cells that do not have adequate oxygen to process glucose for energy (Workman, 2016). This decrease in available oxygen could be caused by damage to or impairment of the lungs. Carbon-dioxide, which is also measured by the chemistry test, can show
Homosexuality is becoming more and more accepted and integrated into today’s society, however, when it comes to homosexuals establishing families, a problem is posed. In most states, homosexuals can adopt children like any other married or single adult. There are many arguments to this controversial topic; some people believe that it should be legal nationally, while others would prefer that is was banned everywhere, or at least in their individual states. There are logical reasons to allow gays to adopt children, but for some, these reasons are not enough. The main issue really is, what is in the best interest of the child? This type of problem isn’t really one with causes, effects, and solutions, but one with pros and cons. Like any other adoption situation, a parent prove themselves to be responsible and capable enough to raise a child on their own, or with a spouse.
Nursing is a field of work that so many people find themselves fascinated with, as well as harboring a degree of respect. We look to nurses with a sense of admiration and reverence, and look to them for security in times of need. What makes nursing such a desirable and enthralling field to other people? Despite the fact that doctors are normally under the spotlight, nursing is of profound importance in American culture. Nurses provide comfort and security, as well as a knowledge of medical aid. The field of nursing has the benefit of coming from a field that is ancient, yet timeless and has blossomed throughout history to make a large impact on our culture today.
They perform physical exams when someone needs released to return to work, school, and sports. They perform health histories so a patient knows what his or her health backgrounds are and what they are capable of inheriting. Nurses provide health promotions, counseling, and education. They give health promotions through schools, after checkups, and before you are released from the hospital. They give counseling when a patient is struggling to becoming healthy after a long term sickness. Nurses can provide education through school courses for anyone who is interesting in pursuing a nursing degree. They interpret a patient’s information and makes critical decisions with the doctor. They can direct and supervise care delivered by other healthcare personnel. If a nurse is a registered nurse (RN), then they are in charge of the lower nurse ranks such as LPNs (licensed practical nurses) and nurse aides. Nurse also conduct research in support of improved practice and a patient’s outcome. Nurses are so compassionate for others, that they will everything in their power to find some sort of treatment that can offer a patient a chance to be cured
Similarly to the SDT, there is a set of needs that must be met before self-actualization can occur. The hierarchy of needs is shaped like a pyramid with 5 levels, physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and finally self-actualization. The physiological level includes the need for food, water, and oxygen. The safety need refers to shelter and security. The love and belongingness level refers to the human need for companionship, interaction, and includes romantic love. Esteem needs involve the self, confidence, and respect of and by others. Finally self-actualization refers to creativity, spontaneity, acceptance, problem solving, and other things that involve high-level thinking and acceptance of oneself, and the world around them. Self-actualization is referred to as “the realization of individual potential” (Maclagan 2003) and is not a state that everyone is able to reach. Actually, according to Goldstein, to say one achieved self-actualization would technically be incorrect. Unlike the others, self-actualization isn’t a need that can be fulfilled, but rather a drive. In this idea of self-actualization, a person who has reached this level of the hierarchy would constantly be working to improve themselves, and be the best they can be. Maslow stated a person who is self-actualized will constantly feel “‘restless’, and a strong desire to do something” (Maclagan
Nurses play a huge role in the health care system. A nurse is a bridge between doctor and patient. s/he is a compassionate, understanding and nonjudgmental yet firm and grounded. S/he is probably one of the most important yet least appreciated person in a patient’s life. When many think of a nurse they probably recognize them by a white hat and uniform. Today those white uniforms have been replaced with vividly colored scrubs worn by both male and female nurses, and many other employees in healthcare. Nurses are not just the people that are limited to bedside care and drug administration; they are highly skilled and well-educated nursing professionals.