Effects of Volcanoes
The plates, which are about 20 miles thick, make up the Earth's crust and are a chief cause of volcanic activity. These plates are always in motion. They move very slowly; however, at times, they bump into each other. These movements put a lot of pressure on the surface rock. Volcanoes obtain their energy from such movement and pressure. Volcanoes form at the boundaries of these plates where two types of movement occur: two plates will collide with each other, or the plates will move apart from each other. Some of these plate layers are cooled and are made up of rigid rocks. The effects on the landscape are lava that releases onto the Earth's surface. When that lava comes to the Earth's surface, it is red hot, and sometimes the temperature is more than 2012 degrees Fahrenheit. Fluid lava flows swiftly down a volcano's slopes. Sticky lava flows more slowly. As the lava cools, it hardens into many different formations on the landscape. Highly fluid lava hardens into smooth, folded sheets of rock called pahoehoe. Stickier lava cools into rough, jagged sheets of rock called aa. Pahoehoe and aa cover large areas of Hawaii, where the terms originated. The stickiest lava forms flows of boulders and rubble called block flows. It may also form mounds of lava called domes. Volcanoes, when exploded, can send ash, millions of rock particles, and volcanic gas tens of miles into the air. The resulting ash fallout can affect large areas hundreds of miles downwind. Gas pours out of volcanoes in large quantities during almost all eruptions. The gas is made up particularly of steam but may also include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and other gases. Most of the steam comes from a volcano's magma, but some steam may also be produced when rising magma heats water in the ground. Effects on the living population of the area: eruptions pose direct and indirect volcano hazards to people and property, both on the ground and in the air. Direct hazards are pyroclastic flows, lava flows, falling ash, and debris flows. Pyroclastic flows have hot ash, rock fragments, and gas in them. These flows of hot ash, rock fragments, and gas are deadly because of their high temperatures of 850° C. Also, they can travel down the sides of a volcano at speeds of up to 200 miles per hour. Indirect hazards are famine, disease, and economic loss. The ash and dust from a volcanic eruption can cause crops to fail, and volcanic ash can clog machinery, damage roofs, and short-circuit electrical equipment. The economic loss can be enormous.
Resources:
USGS "Types of Volcanic Eruptions" http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/eruptions.html
USGS "MSHNVM and CVO" http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/ImageMaps/SWWash/swwash_map.html
"MSH Map, Cross-sections, and Time-depth Plot" http://spike.geophys.washington.edu/SEIS/PNSN/HELENS/mshfigs.html
"Simplified Eruptive History of Mount St. Helens" http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Gif/MSH/Graphics/EruptiveHistory/msh_eruptive_stages.gif
Edward W. Wolfe and Thomas C. Pierson, 1995, "Volcanic-Hazard Zonation for Mount St. Helens Washington, 1995": USGS Open-File Report 95-497 http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Hazards/OFR95-497/OFR95-497.html
"Encart Reference, Volcano, Types of Volcano" © 1993-2000 Microsoft Corporation http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?ti=761570122&sid=20#s20
"Volcano," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2000 © 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?mod=1&ti=761570122&page=3#s22vb
Nas.N
Two great writers, whose ideas have been read by many, are Karl Marx and Abraham Kuyper. Marx was a philosopher and because of his writing about Communist many places responded with revolutions. Kuyper was a Christian leader inspired many with his writings about society and culture. Marx and Kuyper both addressed how social issues in the world. Marx and Kuyper’s views of human nature are very different. While Kuyper believes that God shapes our lives and humans have no control; Marx, on the other hand, believes that human beings can shape and control the direction of their own lives. Both men show their beliefs of human nature through history, government, economy, and society. Though they both believe in equal society they don’t agree on the
Basalt forms due to the partial melting of the layer of the mantle called the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is the plastic zone of the mantle beneath the rigid lithosphere. Mantle plumes coming from the mesosphere can cause the asthenosphere to melt with heat or even if pressure decreases, which is called decompression melting (Richard 2011). The magma that forms from this melting is mafic magma that solidifies once it reaches the earth’s surface and cools quickly. The above process mainly occurs mainly during intraplate igneous activity which is the main explanation for volcanic activity that occurs a long distance away from a plate boundary. If the tectonic plate above the mantle plume is moving it can create a string of volcanic activity such as in Hawaii. See Fig 2.
In Walt Whitman’s poem Oh Captain! My Captain! He talks about the death of America’s commander and chief, Abraham Lincoln. Whitman published this poem in his book of poems about the civil war causing him to become one of a handful of people to be the only ones who did not participate in the war, but wrote about it. In fact, Whitman uses various metaphors to tell of the death of Abraham Lincoln to the common people of the Union.
Volcanoes are mountains with a large pool of magma. When pressure builds up the magma and lava spews out, this is called a volcanic eruption. So, how are volcanoes formed?
The discussion of mental health is slowly being brought to the social surface to create a more inclusive society for those dealing with a mental illness. However, those with a mental illness are continuously being affected by stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination by those who simply don’t comprehend the complexity of the human brain (Glaser, G.2017). As more people become mental health activist, they are exposing the plethora of issues surrounding the overall mental and physical stability of those who are negatively affected by the social construct of what it means to be normal.
The Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare's most popular plays. It is both a witty and complex play with characters that are appealing and believable drawn from life and based on a keen understanding of human nature. One can see this in the main character of the play, the shrew Katherine. The reasons for Kate's shrewd behavior as well as her tameness have puzzled Critics and Shakespearean scholars for ages. This essay will attempt to decipher Kate's shrewish character from the beginning with her father and sister, through the middle with her first meeting of Petruchio, to the finale where she is finally tamed.
Poet and journalist Walt Whitman was born May 31, 1819, in West Hills, New York. He is known to be particularly one of America’s most influential poets. Whitman aimed to transcend traditional heroic poems and demonstrate nature of the American experience and his style reflects his distinctiveness. In Walt Whitman’s excerpt #46 of “Song of Myself,” the theme of celebrating yourself in all your faults and glory along with showing that no one else can travel the road for you, you have to do it yourself is shown with the use of literary and sound devices. Walt Whitman isn’t worried about what else is in the universe. He can’t be dignified. His journey will go on forever and all he needs is a good raincoat and a pair of shoes. He does not want to be anyone’s teacher or professor, he just wants to show you the world. At the same time, all he can do is show you the road, you have to walk down it. If you get tired, he’ll support you. Even if he see’s the entire world and universe, he’d still want to travel beyond further and see more things. He reiterates the non conformist system of belief,...
Volcanoes can cause damage by spewing lava, but earthquakes before the eruption can also cause damage. These earthquakes open fissures and let magma out to the surface. When the magma exits these fissures, streams of lava up to hundreds of feet can shoot into the air. The picture below shows the lava erupting from the fissures created by the earthquakes in...
Myths and legends are everywhere. There are legends of people from long ago, myths of ancient Greeks. There are myths and legends of almost everything, including volcanoes. Myths of their creation, of why they erupt. Myths and legends of various gods controlling their own volcanoes. There is a story for almost every volcano. The amount of legends and myths concerning volcanoes is quite extensive, ranging from Hephaestus to Vulcan and everything in between. It's very interesting to know what people thought of volcanoes when the myths were made; myths about volcano are as captivating as other myths. Take Pele, one of the gods associated to volcanoes I'll be talking about, for example.
Walt Whitman's dream is a dream that this country knows all to well. It was once a reality and is something that we miss. I hope that one day we will not have to dream about it, with a bit of luck it will become a reality. One day the world will know about the peace that Walt dreamed. This country will unite, the world will unite and love will reign over all and lead us home to happiness. I believe on a clear day if you lay in leaves of grass and close your eyes this dream will come true.
Engineering is an essential and learned profession. As members of this profession, engineers are likely to show the highest standards of honesty and integrity. Engineering has a straight and vital impact on the quality of life for all people. Consequently, the services offered by engineers need honesty, impartiality, equality, and must be dedicated to the protection of the public safety, welfare, and health. Engineers must act under a standard of professional performance that requires adherence to the maximum principles of ethical conduct.
In Walt Whitman’s “O captain! My captain!” the poet is trying to portray to the reader his respect and adoration for Abraham Lincoln, and the despair of his death. Whitman uses metaphors and symbolism throughout that tie to his life and his feelings as well as the poem. Lincoln was idolized in Walt’s eyes. In the poem he refers to him as “Father” because he is the father of his nation. The writer was very good at incorporating subtle symbolism but at the same making his meaning crystal clear to the reader.
Humans these days take electricity for granted. We don’t truly understand what life was like without it. Most young adults will tell you their life does not depend on electricity, but they aren’t fooling anyone. They all know that their life depends on electricity; whether it’s television, their phone, Google, or the lights in their house. We need to stop taking those things for granted and give credit where credit is due. That is why I chose to write about the scientists who contributed to the discovery of electricity, which then helped modern scientists fuel the electricity phenomenons we now have today.
Mechanical engineers have a responsibility of ensuring they abide by general ethics as that have been laid down by engineering bodies such as the American Society of Mechanical engineers. Engineers have to sound alarm whenever safety violations are breached or when the organization does not perform required procedures that may endanger lives. It is the engineer’s duty to inform members of the public whenever legal bodies fail to nullify projects which may cause disasters.