In 1998, the National Institutes of Mental Health agreed that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is indeed a legitimate psychologic condition even though its definition has not been fully pinned down. ADHD is a syndrome generally characterized by the following symptoms that first occur before the age of seven:
Inattention, Distractibility, Impulsivity, Hyperactivity.
Some experts further categorize ADHD into three subtypes:
Behavior marked by hyperactivity and impulsivity, but not inattentiveness.
Behavior that is marked by inattentiveness, but not hyperactivity and impulsivity.
A mixed type.
There are some issues with these criteria, and arguments exist for both an over- and underdiagnosis of this problem. Defining ADHD is made particularly difficult because one-third of the cases are accompanied by learning disabilities and other neurologic or emotional problems. It is likely that the term attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder will eventually give way to subgroups of problems that include some of these general symptoms. [For more details, see How is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Diagnosed? below.]
General Description of a Child with ADHD
Studies now indicate that ADHD can be diagnosed in children by age four. Parents may notice symptoms even earlier. (One mother reported that three days after delivery, nurses were referring to her ADHD son as "Wild Willie.") The classic ADHD symptoms, inattention, distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity often do not adequately describe the child's behavior, nor do they describe what is actually happening in the child's mind. Other behaviors also often coincide with the classic symptoms.
Some experts are focusing on deficits in so-called "executive functions" in the brain as the key to understanding all ADHD behaviors. Such impaired executive functions may include the following:
Inability to hold information in short-term memory.
Impaired organization and planning skills.
Difficulty in establishing and using these goals to guide behavior, such as selecting strategies and monitoring tasks.
Inability to keep emotions from becoming overpowering.
Inability to shift efficiently from one mental activity to another.
Hyperactivity. The term hyperactive is often confusing for those who expect to observe a child racing unceasingly about. A boy with ADHD playin...
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...y coincide with short-term memory problems.) In one study, although children with probable ADHD were able to self-report many ADHD symptoms, they tended to believe they used their time wisely, in contrast to reports by their teacher.
Lack of Adaptability. ADHD children have a very difficult time adapting to even minor changes in routines, such as getting up in the morning, putting on shoes, eating new foods, or going to bed. Any shift in a situation can precipitate a strong and noisy negative response. Even when they are in a good mood, they may suddenly shift into a tantrum if they meet with an unexpected change or frustration. In one experiment, ADHD children were able to closely anchor their attention when they were directly cued to a specific location, but they had difficulty shifting their attention to an alternative location.
Hypersensitivity and Sleep Problems. ADHD children are often hypersensitive to sights, sounds and touch, and complain excessively about stimuli that seem low key or bland to others. Sleeping problems usually occur well after the point at which most small children sleep through the night. In one study, 63% of children with ADHD had trouble sleeping.
Trilling, Lionel. "F. Scott Fitzgerald." Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's "Great Gatsby." Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 13-20.
In the hypothetical discussed here, the objection might be to comparing the value of two human beings. However, in Adams’s hypothetical, these human beings do not yet exist. Therefore, what the parents are comparing are not so much individuals as qualities – like health and disability. Before an individual exists, it is permissible to weigh the quality of different types of lives against one another, for instance healthy lives against intellectually disabled ones. Because the individual does not yet exist, a utilitarian approach is permissible, even if one rejects that sort of comparison when comparing actual
No because even if you might think it’s the slightest lies it can lead to something much worse like death. In the play “Hippolytus” Phaedra had lied about being raped by her own son because she didn’t want to ruin her reputation. “I only know one way, one cure for these my woes, and that is instant death.” (Phaedra, 12, Line 5) She confessed to her son that she was in love with him, felt too embarrassed and thought he was going to tell everyone, so she killed herself. Lies can make the innocent appear wicked. “Why say this, if, as thou pretendest, thy lips are free from blame?” (Hippolytus, 12, Line 12) Hippolytus did nothing wrong, and did not want to reclaim his innocence because he felt like he didn’t need to justify himself. If his friends and family were true to him, they would believe him. But ultimately, they did not. “Come, my comrades in this land, young like me, greet me kindly and escort me forth, for never will ye behold a purer soul, for all my father’s doubts.” (Hippolytus, 20, Line 14) Hippolytus is standing his ground and knows he has done nothing wrong, whereas his father believes he has done wrong to his wife, and later on kills him for it. The truth is bound to leak out somehow no matter how hard you try to cover up your tracks. “She meantime, fearful of being found out, wrote a lying letter, destroying by guile thy son, but yet persuading thee.” (Hippolytus, 23, Line 7) Artemis reveals the truth to Theseus, the
Working/lower class individuals are more likely to suffer from poor health as they are most likely to be in manual jobs. These manual jobs are more likely to expose workers to toxins and pollution thus affecting their health. The Black Report of 198024 highlights that working class individuals are more likely to smoke and turn to drinking due to stress from working in these poor conditions. The NHS does not prioritise patients in order of their class, status or wealth but instead on their health needs. Practitioners should recognise class inequalities and work to avoid bias. Due to lack of cultural capital, patients from lower social classes may lack knowledge of medical procedures and may need extra
ADHD presents itself in three major categories; predominately hyperactive, predominately inattentive, or a combined hyperactivity and inattention. Predominately hyperactive presents as excessive physical activity and impulsive behaviors. This can include constant fidgeting, an inability to stay in ...
ADHD also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. To be fit for having ADHD a person must have six or more symptoms of inattentions. Scientist see majority of ADHD in young people. 9% of children that are between three and seventeen are diagnosed with ADHD ( Center of Disease Control and Prevention). “How does ADHD Affect the brain?” By Liji Tomas is and educational new article that tells the reader how someone diagnosed with ADHD brain functions and their findings during their research. The article has many interesting findings such as the effects of each part of the brain and what symptoms come along with it.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an inattentive type and a combined type. The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This behaviour stops ADHD sufferers from focussing deliberately on organising and completing a specific task that they may not enjoy, learning new skills or information is proved to be impossible. An example of such behaviour is recognised by the report written by the National Institute of Mental Health where one of the subjects under study was unable to pass schooling examinations due to her inattentive behaviour. Such behaviour can damage the person's relationships with others in addition to disrupting their daily life, consuming energy, and diminishing self-esteem. (National Institute of Mental Health 1999) There are also secondary symptoms which are associated with ADHD, such as learning disorders, anxiety, depression and other mood disorders, tic disorders, and conduct disorders. (Spencer, Biederman, and Wilens 1999 in Monastra V, Monastra D, George, 2002)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as a behavioral disorder of childhood onset (by the age of 7 years) characterized by symptoms of inattentiveness and impulsivity/hyperactivity. Based on the type of symptoms that predominate, ADHD is classified as following:
It is important to understand what ADHD is. ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder that was originally thought to be a form of "minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) (D’Alonzo 88)," however, it is no longer recognized as a form of MBD. "Along with these changes in classification, investigators identified behaviors related to ADHD: hyperactivity, restlessness, impulsivity, aggression, distractibility, and short attention span. These symptoms formed the three behavioral constructs inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity described by the American Psychiatric Association (D’Alonzo 88)." In both the professional and lay media ADHD is routinely referred to as a neurological disorder, while most experts agree that genetic-biochemical factors influence behavior somewhat, the general public tends to view this as biologically unco...
ADHD, or Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. There are many symptoms associated with ADHD but the most common include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity. Scientists are not exactly sure of what causes ADHD but they are more comfortable with the idea that a lot of different factors play a role in its development, such as, genes, environment, brain injuries, sugar, and food additives. The most widely used treatment is the drugs but this is not the only way to treat ADHD.
It was on the hottest day of the summer, and Daisy, Tom, Jordan, Nick, and Gatsby are having lunch at the Buchanan’s mansion.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a set of behaviors that are considered a medical problem. In reality, it isn’t a disorder. It is a fad that somehow got started. There are different things that can be done to stop ADHD.
A few examples of hyperactivity are talking excessively, fidgeting with hands/feet and squirming in seat, and leaving seat when remaining in seat is expected. On the outside perspective you can tell if someone has ADHD because they have emotional instability, low self-esteem and get frequently frustrated with oneself. According to (Asherson, 2012), not only des ADHD express itself with the above features, it also causes neurological conditions such as: sleep disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, epilepsy and general learning difficulties. ADHD can have a developmental impact on one’s education. As a preschooler through school age students with ADHD will experience behavioral disturbance, poor social interaction with peers, and academic impairment. (Asherson, 2012) continues by stating that adolescents through adulthood will experience drug use, antisocial behavior and relationship problems. After reading this article, I understand that ADHD is commonly misdiagnosed as a behavioral or other common mental health
This essay will evaluate the use of leadership and Macdonalisation in this social enterprise founded in India that helps millions of civilians suffering with partial loss of sight regain their vision. This essay will narrow down to which specific routes the Aravind Eye Hospital used in terms of how they were lead and how resourceful they have been.
There has been an ongoing debate about whether the mental disorder ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is over-diagnosed. ADHD is commonly diagnosed in people, more specifically children, who lack the ability to pay attention, are often disruptive, are hyperactive, and impulsive. A medical personnel or a psychologist diagnoses the children using a list of criteria. It is only in recent years that doctors have begun researching better and more effective ways to diagnosis patients using brain scans. It is because of this, that ADHD is over-diagnosed for several reasons: the different personalities that children can exhibit; parents not taking responsibility as parents; and the lack of proper ways to identify ADHD.