Slavery Slavery in America brought about a successful south but also proved to be one of the most terrible things done by humans to humans. Slavery became a way of life in early America. Eight out of the first twelve presidents owned slaves. People in the south benefited from slaves the most. Harvesting those huge cotton fields took many hands. That’s were the slaves became key to the success of the south. Slaves were predominately black Africans. Africans made up the majority but they were not the only ones. Native Americans and even English indentured servants made up the rest of the people put into slavery. There are two different kinds of slaves. There are slaves that stayed in the house and took care of the families, and there were the slaves that worked the land. Domestic slaves were usually women and children. Mean and young boys made up the farm hands. These men worked from sunrise to sundown. Working outside was by far the worst of the two. Some slaves didn’t fall under these to types there were slaves that served as guides, trappers, craft workers and nurses. Jobs that people do not relate slaves with. Slaves had different jobs depending on what of the country they were sent to. Slaves in the north generally worked in the mills and clearing forest. Slaves in the south worked the farms all year. Up north slaves only had to work the farms in the summer months because of the rigorous winters they went through. Domestic slaves stayed in the house picked up after the family, cooked and served meals, cleaned and kept up with the daily chores of the house. It was easier than working outside. Slaves were treated as property. Owners had the right to do whatever they wanted to them. They were property, not people. Owners would have the white farm hands stand in the fields and make sure the slaves were working as fast and hard as they could. If they weren’t working as hard as they could and a white farmhand saw it. The slaves would be beaten, and sometimes in severe cases killed. When the owner wasn’t around slaves could interact with each other. Families that came over on the boats were ripped apart at the auction blocks. They were thrown together not knowing each other and had to form some kind of structure to their personal lives. Younger men and women and children looked up the older men and women as parents. Slaves would be put in... ... middle of paper ... ...hat captains could get their hands on. The owners of the ships had to keep the slaves in pretty good shape to get top dollar for them. The white deck hands would bring the slaves on deck and go through and exercise they called “dance.” The men were forced to jump until the shackles broke they skin on their ankles. The women and children who were not shackled could dance to a rhythm. Slaves enjoyed their exercise because it was the only time they were aloud to move around. If the slaves refused to dance they were beaten with whips. The whips were called “cat-o-nine-tails” they were made up of nine cords covered with tar; each cord had a knot at the end. When bad weather hit it became very rough for the slaves. The slaves were not aloud to come up on the deck. This is where disease and filth ran through the slaves. In conclusion, slavery although was a big part of the rise of this country. It was looking back, one of the most terrible things done by humans to other humans. Learning from our mistakes took a long time. The Civil War was the point in our history where everyone realized that you could not treat people like animals. That everyone is looked upon as equals.
Makela, Pia. "Views into studies of differences in drinking habits and alcohol problems between sociodemographic groups." Contemporary Drug Problems, Winter 1999 v26 i4 p633.
Back in the time of the Aztec their culture was very different but also similar from our now. For instence they belived in human sacrifice and also there was only a few different jobs that you could make a living through. . There are four major jobs in their society,which are being a priest,tradesmen,warrior or in your a women you would more often then not work hard in the houses learning how to weave and make clothes.
...quered territories were not in direct contact with the Aztec empire. The Aztec empire functioned well because it succeeded in centering the power in the capital. Tenochtitlan was their capital. When the Aztecs conquered a city they did not meddle in the city’s local affairs as long as the city paid its tribute to the Aztec empire.
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. GABAA is a ligand gated ion channel composed of five subunits. Through positive allosteric modulation ethanol binds to the δ subunit of the receptor and enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA. Once ethanol has bound to the GABAA receptor, chloride ions enter the post-synaptic neuron. This cascade of ions hyperpolarises the neuron, thus increasing inhibitory effects and makes the neuron less excitable. Ethanol alters the enzyme kinetics enabling the ion...
This presentation will focus on Aztec society, law and culture, and will also examine the decline of the Aztec empire. The Aztecs were an extremely hierarchical society with a well-developed administrative system. It is particularly worthwhile to examine how Aztec society functioned as it may assist us in understanding their subsequent decline and conquest by the Spanish Empire.
The Aztec Empire was one of the most dominant and advanced Native American tribes around their time. Originally the Aztecs were a nomadic group, traveling from place to place, but eventually they settled down and built an empire around Central Mexico. They made Tenochtitlan their capital city. This particular empire arose around 1345 BC and collapsed around 1521 AD. With the uprising of the empire, the Aztecs made significant advances in agriculture and their day to day life. This historic tribe has not only made memorable achievements, but also left major marks in history that will never be forgotten. Aztecs are widely known and remembered for their many advances.
African Americans were taken from their homeland and sold in slavery in a process known as the Atlantic Slave Trade. African American slaves sold into the colonies would work different jobs. Because the South was more farmland, the slaves sold to the southern colonies worked on farms and plantations. The North however, was more industrial, so many slaves worked in factories producing materials and goods. Although slavery in general was bad, in the South slavery was much worse. Slaves in the South suffered harsher treatment. They would be whipped, beaten, and in some cases even murdered. Slavery was seen as a big economic contributor to the colonies so many opposed its banishment. Many slaves tried to run away and escape their captors. Those who fled sought freedom in the North. Some escaped while others weren’t so
Aztec cities and towns also had working drinking water and waste treatment systems. An intricate plumbing system using clay pipes ran down from the mountains around Mexico valley to all of the towns and cities in the valley. As the water ran into each town or city it was dispersed to 10 or 12 places around town were it flowed into a pool for drinking water or was pumped into public baths and toilets. Only nobles had working drinking and bathing systems with running water in their homes. The sewage system worked much like today, having human wastes carried to a collection pool where solids were collected, and then having liquids run off into a series of terraces which filtered the water. Solid wastes were allowed to sit in a collection pool for about six months and then were brought to the lake gardens to be used as fertilizer”(Jennings, Aztec, Pg. 220). At the bottom of the heap were slaves and serfs, or the Tlacotli, who worked the private lands of the nobility.
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which exerts its effects mainly through the GABAAreceptor. Alcohol exposure results in activation of the GABAAreceptor, which in turn leads to reduced postsynaptic nerve excitability and thus contribute to alcohol’s sedative effects. In response to chronic alcohol exposure, the CNS adapts to the alcohol-induced GABAA activation by reducing GABA-mediated neurotransmission. Thus after chronic alcohol exposure and during withdrawal, GABA activity at the synapse...
Aztec refers both to the people who founded the empire, who called themselves Mexica, or Tenochca, and, more generally, to all of the many other Nahuatl-speaking ethnic groups that lived in the Valley of Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest. The name Aztec is derived from Aztlan, the mythical homeland of the Mexica; according to tradition, Aztlán was located northwest of the Valley of Mexico, possibly in west Mexico. The name Mexico is derived from Mexica.
According to the legend, the Aztecs, who referred to themselves as the Mexica, spent years wandering through central Mexico in search of a homeland. In AD 1325, the Aztecs founded their new capital Tenochtitlan (Moctezuma, 9). Years later, the Aztecs started to build their renowned empire. The Aztec Empire was made up of the Triple Alliance: Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan (Moctezuma, 55). Agriculture was the basis of the Aztec’s economy, but conquest and warfare lead to economic expansion and the accumulation of tributes from conquered towns (Moctezuma, 21). War was vital, for it maintained and expanded the economic and religious basis (Moctezuma, 55). The Aztec warriors were the driving force of much of the Aztec empires success because of their training, weaponry, wardress, sacrificing, and combat.
Alcohol is a colorless, volatile flammable liquid that is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks and is also used as an industrial solvent and as fuel. Alcohol is a drug and it is classed as a depressant, meaning that it will slow down vital functions. Alcohol is made out of a chemical called ethanol. To make alcohol, they need to have the grains, fruits or vegetables go through a process called fermentation.
Slaves were forced to work long hours in the heat, were malnourished, beaten, and underwent many more difficulties. Some worked on vast plantations, toiling in the fields, picking cotton and more, while others worked on plantations that were not as big. Some slaves had harsh and brutal masters, while others had kind and gentle ones. But regardless of whichever master the slave had, the slave was still considered a slave, though those with masters that were not so harsh received better treatment than those who did not. Slaves had no rights or say so in American politics nor any other area in the decision making of America or their masters. Slaves were not even considered as people, but as property. The writers of the Constitution even considered them as three-fifths of a person, thus they were seen and treated as inferior to the Whites.
When it comes to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), we should recall that it acts as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) (Mihic and Harris 1997). Although there are three receptors in total, the focus of this paper will be on the interactions between GABA and the GABAA receptor, especially in the presence of alcohol. GABAA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that allow for the entrance of chloride ions into the cell when opened (Davies 2003). These receptors are formed by five subunits out of a total of seven possible families (and even more subsets of these families) (Jacob et al. 2008).
In order to understand how alcohol affects the the CNS we need to understand a little more about the GABAA receptor. The GABAA receptor is found at the postsynaptic dendrite which is the area of a nerve cell that receives chemical signals from its neighboring nerve cell. There is a whole network of nerves throughout the human body which are responsible for sending chemical signals to the brain. To do this they require ion channels that allow the passage of positive and negative ions into the nerve cell. These channels are made from integral membrane proteins that form a porin complex allowing a certain type of ion into the cell. The GABAA receptor is a ligand-gated channel which is made of five proteins, or subunits, called alpha, beta and gamma. This channel is responsible for the passive transportation of negatively charged chlorine ions