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Egyptian Art and Culture
Current scholarship generally acknowledges that art does not exist in a vacuum. Rather, art is an expression of the culture which creates it, revealing common beliefs, aspirations, and feelings. Within the vein of "cultural art history" the true nature of ancient Egypt has become the focus of much questioning. Much has been said regarding this ancient civilization within the context of the continent of
Africa. The focus has not been merely geographic—although some scholars contend that the physical location of Egypt has been all but overlooked. At the core of this controversy is the issue of ethnicity and culture. What was the identity of the people who built and populated ancient Egypt?1
Many scholars decry the separation of Egyptology from the study of sub-Saharan, so-called "black" Africa. Others continue to uphold a view of Egypt as an essentially "white" society and thus the basis of
Western culture. No matter the outcome, this dialogue has led to a fruitful re-examination of the past, as well as a greater understanding of the art and culture of Egypt. While we cannot be certain of the ancient Egyptian skin tone, we have come to recognize the fundamental nature of a people who perceived their world as consisting of more than a physical reality.
In order to understand Egypt, we must recognize that Egyptian art is primarily conceptual and symbolic in nature, serving to encode cultural information. Symbolism pervades all aspects of Egyptian art from method to material.2 The seemingly regimented system of symbolism was a means of interpreting life from the Creation to the Afterlife, as well as the perpetual struggle between creative and destructive forces. For a more complete understanding of Egyptian art, it is helpful to consider the concepts which defined the culture and shaped their world. In the Egyptian cosmic view there existed before all else a state termed Nun, which can be likened to the primordial ocean, the infinite source of all creation. The Nun represented the indefinable and inherently unknowable, that which was beyond human reckoning. It was imagined as "a swampy mire, a seething primal cradle in which lived four couples of serpents and frogs" whose names translate as
‘the initial waters,’ ‘inertia,’ ‘spatial infinity,’ ‘the darkness,’ and ‘That which is hidden.’"3
It was from the Nun that the Supreme Being wa...
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...Egypt, London, Thames and Hudson, 1993.
Foster, John L., trans. Love Songs of the New Kingdom, New York,
Scribner, 1974.
Hart, George. The Legendary Past: Egyptian Myths, Austin, British
Museum Publications University of Texas Press, 1990.
Wilkinson, Richard H. Symbol and Magic in Egyptian Art, London, Thames and Hudson, 1994.
Egypt/Africa Studies
Crawford, Clinton. Recasting Ancient Egypt in the African Context:
Toward a Model Curriculum Using Art and Language, Trenton, New Jersey,
Africa World Press, Inc., 1996.
Kagan, Donald. "Stealing History: Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism
Became An Excuse To Teach Myth: Review," The New Criterion, v. 14,
March 1996: 54-59.
Lehuard, Raoul. "Egypt in Africa," Arts d’Afrique Noire, no. 103,
Autumn 1997: 54-59.
Mertz, Barbara. Red Land, Black Land: Daily Life in Ancient Egypt, New
York, Dodd, Mead, 1978.
Noguera, Anthony. How African Was Egypt? A Comparative Study of
Ancient Egyptian and Black African Cultures, New York, Washington,
Atlanta, Hollywood, Vantage Press, 1976.
Wright, William. "The Whitewash of Egypt: Identifying Egypt and Nubia
Separation of Ancient Egypt from the Rest of Africa," African Arts, v.
27, Autumn ’94: 10+.
Fiona covered her mouth and hugged Jonas. She went to check on Gabe as he was lying in bed and later went to look at the giver. “What did he tell you,” Fiona asked.
The jobs of correctional officer are some times overlooked. Correctional officers are playing a huge role in society because they need to perform important tasks. A correctional officer’s job is not easy and can become very stressful at times. Correctional officers are required to enforce and keep order, supervise inmates, help counsel offenders, search inmate cells for contraband, and also report on inmate actions. Correctional officers need to contain power over the prisoners in order to enforce the rules of the prison, or else the prison will not function correctly. In the book, Conover says, “The essential relationship inside a prison is the one between a guard and an inmate…the guard, it is thought, wields all the power, but in truth the inmate has power too” (Conover, p. 207). In the book, the importance of power the prisoner’s hold can be seen through the sudden increase of prisoners, the Stanford Prison Experiment and through the contraband they make.
The value of preschool is often overlooked as parents consider it for its utilitarian purposes. Although most preschools do function as a daycare, the merits gained from an early education follow children throughout their entire lives. Children at this ripe age are eager to learn, excited about the buzzing world aroun...
Another factor parents may not look into when finding a preschool is the curriculum that will be taught. “Despite decades of federal, state, and local programs intended to support young children’s preparation for schooling, children from low-income families continue to begin formal schooling at a disadvant...
Preschool isn't just a place for parents to drop off their children while they are at work for the day. It is in preschool where children learn the necessary skills needed to succeed in school and in life. With high-quality preschools and qualified teachers the possibilities are endless. It's not only the children who reap the benefits of Early Childhood Education; their parents, fellow peers, and even society feel the positive effects of quality preschool programs. Children enrolled in quality preschool programs are more likely to succeed academically and socially when they are older.
There are a few types of preschool programs. First there are structured preschool programs that focus on emphasizing an actual school setting and classroom activities in order to prepare the child for kindergarten or first grade. There are also day care centers, which are not as structured as preschool centers. Daycare’s focus mainly on child’s development through social interaction with children and caregivers. Then there are head start programs that are geared to give children a foot in the right direction in order to be ready for preschool or kindergarten. The right kind of childcare can be a wonderful opportunity to promote the profound learning children experience from birth through age five (Selecting child care, 2002).
The overall point of this investigation is to determine the influence of feminine stature in the Egyptian culture. I explored in deeper into this topic because the Egyptian culture had a lot of facets in their own culture that had disappeared for some time, only to be assimilated into modern day culture. Their culture was before their time. The period of the Egyptians was from 3500 - 525 B.C., where in 525 B.C. the Persians conquered the Egyptians (more on that later). The method that I am using that determine the feminine importance is through various articles that are displaying the role of the women in the daily society, articles about the role of goddesses in the Egyptian people’s lives, and the crusade that the Egyptian people lost
The picture this book paints would no doubt bother corrections professionals in prisons where prisoner-staff relationships and officer solidarity are more developed. In training, Conover is told that "the most important thing you can learn here is to communicate with inmates." And the Sing Sing staff who enjoy the most success and fulfillment i...
...they want to be not only respected but also being able to survive in the prison environment. In prison, there are so many inmates and not two inmates are the same. The inmates will disrespect the officers by calling them names, giving officers difficult times, but it goes the other way around too. It is disturbing image after learning that sometimes it is the officer’s fault and not just the inmates’ wrongdoings. There will be times when officers and inmates will engage in a conspiracy crime and times when the female staff is engaged in sexual actions with an inmate. Conover wrote this book to allow the audience to see the prison society from many different point-of-views and give future officers an early insight to becoming a correctional officer.
In Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech, King makes use of an innumerable amount of rhetorical devices that augment the overall understanding and flow of the speech. King makes the audience feel an immense amount of emotion due to the outstanding use of pathos in his speech. King also generates a vast use of rhetorical devices including allusion, anaphora, and antithesis. The way that King conducted his speech adds to the comprehension and gives the effect that he wants to rise above the injustices of racism and segregation that so many people are subjected to on a daily basis.
Going back a few thousand years in history, the exotic and flourishing empire of the New Kingdom in Ancient Egypt existed. Ancient Egypt, one of the world’s oldest and technologically advanced empires dominated Northern Africa. The New Kingdom, which was from 1550-1069 B.C, “was an explosion of creativity, wealth and power in Egypt that would make it the envy of the world” (PBS). During this time period, Ancient Egypt exhibited a golden age, where Egypt experienced political stability, expansion of territory and the promotion of Egyptian culture. Leading up the New Kingdom, Ancient Egypt experienced the cultures and practices of other races, such as the different ethnic groups during the transition of the Archaic period to the Old Kingdom in terms of different factions of ethnicity between Upper and Lower Egypt. In addition, the Hyksos, who were of Asian descent, during the Second Intermediate period took over parts of Egypt and brought an Asian flare to the Egyptian Culture. The concept of race, however, during
The modern Islamic Finance industry is young, its timeline begin only a few decades ago. However, islamic finance is involving rapidly and continues to expend to serve a growing population of muslims as well as conventional.
The Egyptian culture is vastly different from American culture. While there are similarities between business practices in both the United States and Egypt, understanding the key differences in how to conduct oneself when negotiating business can be the difference between closing a sale and leaving empty-handed. With this report, the sales and marketing teams of Chevrolet will better understand how to negotiate with Egyptian executives in order get more automobiles into Egyptian dealerships. The report focuses on: (a) how meetings are conducted in Egypt; (b) meeting times; (c) proper Egyptian greetings; (d) group behavior in a meeting; (e) common business hierarchy; (f) proper business attire; and (g) important business communication tips.
The first aspect being addressed is the problem with social network sites exposing information. Social networking has created an environment where it is nearly a duty to expose oneself. Profiles on these social websites are updated everyday with personal information such as locations, status, and future plans. Anyone can search another’s name and find information about their history, pictures, and activity. With the help of social networking sites...
Early childhood education plays a key role in a child’s academic development because he or she learns soft skills, job skills, and develop positive traits. Preschool is not like kindergarten, but instead a stepping-stone that prepares young students for the years of schooling they will have later in life. As more schools began to open families wanted to be able to verify that programs would benefit and protect their children. In response, the National Association for the Education of Young Children was made to help families find the best care for their children, by providing the early childhood educators with training and ensuring the quality of children’s daily experiences. (“NAEYC”5).