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Ethical issues associated with biometrics
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Biometrics is, “the automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity (biometricgroup.com, 2014).”16 The purpose of the paper is to provide information about different forms of Biometrics. With the ever increasing threat of terrorism at home and abroad, biometrics is emerging as a way to increase security across the world. It is important to point out current issues dealing with Biometrics and how they relate to people that may one day have to use them.
Biometrics creates a barrier between a person’s personal data and unauthorized use of that data. A biometric device creates a digital template that is compared to a database of already existing templates.18 This comparison does not have to be 100 percent to be considered a match.
Types of Biometrics:
There are two main types of biometrics. First is physiological biometrics. Which are based on measurements and data derived from direct measurements of a part of the human body.16 Examples of these include fingerprints, iris recognition, hand geometry, and facial recognition. The second type is behavioral biometrics, which are based on an action taken by a person. These actions are based on measurements and data derived from an action and indirectly measures characteristics of the human body.16 Some technologies include voice verification, keystroke dynamics, and signature verification.
Government Uses:
The U.S. is the frontrunner to integrate biometrics into several aspects of security and, eventually, into everyday life for citizens. As of January 5, 2004, America has been using biometrics at its airports and seaports. All foreigners entering on visas will have their hands and faces digitally scanned.10 This will not affect American citizens but it may cause a problem for foreigners. By October 26th 2004, “all countries whose nationals can enter America without a visa—including western European countries, Japan and Australia—must begin issuing passports that contain biometric data too.”10 There are ongoing discussions in Europe to create a standard for passports that has many countries following suit.
The costs of implementing biometrics into security, specifically passports, are enormous. In many instances, cost is much higher than traditional forms of security such as passwords and personal identification numbers.10 Biometrics also puts users...
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...th Putting in Passports. European Report. p402. March 2014.
9. Katvan, Moshe. Too flaky to Trust. The Economist. p10. Vol369. Dec, 2013.
10. Prepare to be scanned; Biometrics. The Economist. p20. Vol369. Dec, 2013.
11. Verton, Dan. Feds plan biometrics for border control: technology details not finalized, but $400m system is due for use next year. Computer World. p12. Vol37. May, 2013.
12. Walsh, Trudy. Now it’s easier to ID the crooks. Government Computer News. p13. Vol23. Feb, 2014.
13. Walters, Sheldon. Biometrics: the answer. Australian Banking & Finance. p13. Vol13 Feb, 2014.
14. www.biometricgroup.com/reports/public/reports/biometric_failure.html
15. www.biometricgroup.com/reports/public/reports/biometric_match.html
16. www.biometricgroup.com/reports/public/reports/identification_verification.html
17. www.biometricgroup.com/reports/public/reports/privacy_continuum.html
18. www.ibia.org/understa.htm
19. Yoshida, Junko. Electronic passports prep for check-in-Led by U.S., countries set aggressive schedules for embedding biometrics in travel documents-but tech questions, privacy concerns dog plans. Electronic Engineering Times. p18. June, 2013.
Maybe it was your lucky day at the airport; and you were selected for a body scan. It is just to detect if you are carrying anything illegal into the airport—right. However, according to Kurt Nimmo, the scanners are also collecting and storing images for law enforcement. The body scanner can store not only the body but also facial and iris. Nimmo reports about how the government is starting a $1 billion effort to gather the largest biometric data base (Nimmo, 2010). The government has been collecting biometrics in efforts to identify criminals and terrorist. According to Ellen Nakashima, employers that have sent in fingerprints of employees to scan for criminal background checks can even use the digital system. It can then keep a watch out and report any minor altercations with the law (Nakashima, 2007, par. 2). It is scary to think that there can be false positives in facial recognition. However, for protection of the greater good, I am sure it must report a suspect of a potential crime. This then puts a
The term biometrics is commonly known as the field of development of statistical and mathematical methods applicable to data analysis problems in the biological sciences. Though, even more recently it has taken on a whole new definition. Biometrics is an amazing new topic referring to “the emerging field of technology devoted to the identification of individuals using biological traits, based on retinal or iris scanning, fingerprints, or face recognition”. Biometrics has already begun using applications that range from attendance tracking with a time clock to security checkpoints with a large volume of people. The growing field of biometrics has really been put on the map by two things, the technological advances made within the last 20 years, and the growing risk of security and terrorism among people all over the world. In this paper I will focus on: the growing field of biometrics, why it is important to our future, how the United States government has played a role in its development and use, the risks involved, the implications on public privacy, and further recommendations received from all over the science and technology field.
Law enforcement uses several methods to solve all types of crimes. Having a variety of ways to help solve an investigation gives officials an advantage. If one method fails or isn’t helpful, there are several others they can rely on. For instance, if there are no physical witnesses to a crime, the criminal may have left a fingerprint at the crime scene. An individual’s fingerprint is unique, “no two persons have exactly the same arrangement of ridge patterns” (“Fingerprint ID”). Fingerprints of criminals and of civilians are collected and stored. Also, “People who apply for government jobs, jobs that handle confidential information, banking jobs, teaching jobs, law enforcement jobs, and any job that involves security issues can be fingerprinted” (“The First ID”). Fingerprints are processed within hours and minutes through the Integrated Automated Fingerprint ID System. This system was developed in 1991, and made it easier for different law enforcement agencies to store and share fingerprints.
However, direct payment of zakat is still acceptable especially for nonproductive asnafs such as the disabled people and elderly. Plus, it is recommended to distribute zakat in the form of capital finance to the recipients particularly for poor and needy in order to encourage them to get involve in business activities so that they will able to sustain their live. Besides that, zakat funds are also used to support the recipients’ families by sponsoring their children school and university fees. These educational and training programmes are very useful to prevent the asnaf’s children from continue living in poverty in the future due to the lack of knowledge.
The results, table and graph, show that brown, jasmine and white rice all absorbed different amounts of water. The average amount of water absorbed after 60 minutes by white rice was 94.3 mL’s whereas jasmine rice absorbed and average of 66.3 mL’s of water after 60 minutes and brown rice absorbed the smallest amount of water of all three with an average of 49.7 mL’s after 60 minutes. They all gradually increased during the 60 minutes of the experiment but as the line graph and table shows, the highest amount of water was absorbed in the first 10 minutes for all three types of rices.
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
Drawings can be used as a means for communication by conveying information, ideas or thoughts so it helps develop a project. Designers, filmmakers and advertisers use these drawings to plan the early stages of the creative development.
Biometric technology is used for the ways humans can be identified by unique aspects of their bodies, such as fingerprints, body odor, our voices and many more. If one was to think about privacy rights, he/she would be concerned about the widespread adoption of these systems, since such systems could easily be used to develop a record of known rebellious people and/or dangerous criminals, to be used for social control purposes. Although that may seem pretty good and a positive thing for the society, one should take into account of the defects and errors of technology. Of the many biometrics technologies that are being developed and are already developed, facial recognition is one of the most threatening because it can be deployed secretly; one may not know whether or when they can be caught in a surveillance camera for such facial recognition biometrics. Additionally, tests have found that the miscalculations for facial biometrics technologies are very high. As a result, according to Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, innocent people can be erroneously identified as dangerous criminals and actual dangerous criminals and/or suspected terrorists can fail to be detected overall, allowing for a huge injustice and unfairness. Privacy rights concerned with biometrics have sparked a concern and should be dealt with; otherwise, this is just one of the
There are so many forms of propaganda that surround our lives on a every day basis, and these negative messages persuade and shape our thoughts of perfection, of who we are, and who we ought to be. The beauty industry and its’ advertisements is one type of propaganda that ultimately characterizes the way we think of ourselves. The media is relentless in reminding us every chance they get why women need to be perfect and what we need to achieve that. There is endless pressure as women to have a perfect body and appearance. The beauty industry’s aim through advertisement is to make women feel as if we need to buy the beauty products in order to look and feel like the models on television, magazines, and in commercials. The beauty industry is very successful because as women, we often feel compelled to buy whatever is necessary to look “perfect.” In years past the beauty industry has been solely focused on the obvious beauty tools such as makeup, hair accessories, lotion, etc. However, we have become more intrigued by even more aspects of the beauty world such as undergarments and everywhere in between. In other words, media propaganda is more interested in the “selling of sex” now than ever before. An unfortunate yet accurate depiction by actress Helen Mirren reads, “Flesh sells. People don’t want to see pictures of churches, they want to see naked bodies.” Just as Mirren knows this to be true, so does the beauty industry and they have taken it and ran with it.
Poverty is one of critical issues that faced by many countries in this world nowadays. This problem incurred due to the inequality in the society which can be reduced by implementation of zakat. It has been supported by the study done by Kusuma and Sukmana (2010) that mentioned about the importance of zakat in the socio-economic framework of Islam and how it can be used to reduce the inequality in the society.
The use of biometrics is not yet widespread and practical, as a technology it is still maturing. [9] Like any other technology, biometrics too has its own set of disadvantages. Since, this technology is comparatively younger to the preexisting technologies it has a long way to go in terms of gaining people’s trust in order to be implemented on a larger scale. One of the main disadvantages involved in the use of biometrics is its cost. Use of biometrics requires purchase of expensive and at times bulky machinery, which may require technical support for installation and maintenance. [8] Also, most biometric systems require people to be trained for use, further adding to the costs. The use of these devices also causes unnecessary delays in an individual’s schedule due to the overhead of being scanned for identification.
Drawing, a form of visual art and a non-verbal mode of expression, is one of the oldest forms of human expression with evidence for its existence preceding that of written communication. It is believed that drawing was used as a specialized form of communication before the invention of the written language, demonstrated by the production of cave and rock paintings created by Homo sapiens around 30,000 years ago. These drawings depicted objects and abstract concepts. The sketches and paintings produced in prehistoric times were eventually stylized and simplified, leading to the development of the written language as we know it today. Throughout history, humans have used art to express themselves. Humans create art not only to represent
...isition are high- especially where the protection of people and thus non-disavowal and irreversibility are concerned. It is conceivable to uproot the requirement for such disseminated databases through the watchful provision of biometric foundation without trading off security. The impacts of biometric innovation on pop culture and the dangers to security and danger to recognize will oblige intervention through enactment. For a significant part of the short history of biometrics the engineering advancements have been ahead of time of moral or legitimate ones. Watchful attention of the significance of biometrics information and how it ought to be lawfully ensured is currently needed on a more extensive scale.
“The term -information security- means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction” (United States Code, 2008). In order to ensure the identity of who is trying to access the information, the concept of “Biometric Technology” has been developed in the last years. This essay will start explaining this concept and the characteristics of its development through the time. Then, the essay will offer a brief explanation of biometric systems operation and a description of different biometric systems developed until now. Finally, this research analyzes the current and future applications and the issues that surround it.
In most biometric authentication systems not just one but several data acquisitions are performed during the enrollment of a single user. With the help of several biometric sample magnitudes such as standard and mean deviations of biometric features can be calculated and thus a more representative sample can be calculated or boundaries can be generated for these features. Furthermore, the acquisition of several samples can be used to filter out the most stable features where deviation values are small. Thus common biometric authentication systems demand at least two or three biometric samples of a user during the enrollment