Caffeine Effects In The Brain
Caffeine acts in a multitude of ways in the brain. The
most recent studies explore the cooperative effects of
adenosine and dopamine, as well as the increase in calcium
in the interstitial fluid and possible accumulation of
cyclic adenosine monophospate. The most popular discussions
of earlier studies of caffeine demonstrate its antagonistic
effects on adenosine receptors. While it has been reported
that adenosine receptors are located throughout the brain,
the various subtypes can be found in very specific areas.
Studies have also shown that caffeine reactions in the brain
are based on the localization of adenosine receptors,
dopamine receptors, and the amount of caffeine.
Historically, the first behavior of caffeine in the
brain to be noticed was the stimulation of the release of
caffeine from intracellular storage sites. (Daly, 1999) In
research done by Garrett and Griffiths (1997) caffeine was
shown to mobilize intracellular calcium by reducing the
calcium uptake and stimulating calcium release. Caffeine
would attach to a calcium channel in this way activating it
and releasing calcium from the "calcium-sensitive"
pool.(Daly, 1999) Due to the importance of calcium
concentrations for the release of neurotransmitters, Garrett
determined, "…mobilization of intracellular calcium has been
proposed as a possible mechanism underlying the behavioral
effects of caffeine" (p.534). However, this determination
was made in vitro and required nearly toxic levels of
caffeine, levels that would rarely be ingested by humans.
(Garrett, 1997; Daly 1999) [See Table 1]
The next effect is the forcing of accumulation of
cyclic adenosine monophos...
... middle of paper ...
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Caffeine Induces Dopamine and Glutamate Releases in the
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Spiller, G. A.,(1998). Basic Metabolism and Physiological
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